Tswakana protheine

Liprotheine bitsoa nitrogenous macromolecular manyolo dintho. Ba hahoa ho tloha-amino acid. Liprotheine etsa mesebetsi ea motheo ka sebopeho le mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea lintho tse phelang, e le karolo ea bona ka sehloohong le ho hlokahala. Ka lebaka la tsena metsoako manyolo ke metabolism, matla ho sokoloha.

Ka lebaka la boholo ba batlang e le khōlō ea limolek'hule, ho rarahana ha mohaho, hammoho le ho hloka tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le ea ho hlophisoa mehaho ea boholo ba dintho e sa thehile kwalwang momahaneng tlhophiso liprotheine. The tsamaiso karohano ke haholo-holo hatellang. Ha kaho lona ntse e thehiloeng thepa 'meleng le lik'hemik'hale tsa lihaha-'mele, mehloli ea bona, mosebetsi tsa likokoana-hloko,' me tse ling, hangata ba tšohanyetso, matšoao.

Kahoo, ka thōko globular le fibrous, hydrophobic (insoluble) le hydrophilic (qhibilihang ka har'a) lintho tse bonahalang. karohano ena e thehiloeng thepa physico-lik'hemik'hale tsa metsoako eo. Ho itšetlehile ka mohloli oa liprotheine tse ka thōko tsa methapo dinama tse nyenyane tse, serum, mesifa, 'me ba bang. Ho na le boetse ho na le baktheria, liphoofolo le meroho metsoako. Ho latela mosebetsi likokoana-hloko tsa thōko liprotheine -hormones, potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, lihaha-'mele, contractile le liprotheine mehaho, lisireletsi, 'me ba bang. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ho na le ba bang ba metsoako eo e ke ke ha boleloa hore ke e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tse ka holimo. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho se phethahale ha ba tsamaiso ea tsa tlhophiso le nang le mefuta-futa e ikhethang ea liprotheine bona.

Na arotsoe komponeng ka e rarahaneng (proteid) le e bonolo (liprotheine). Simple liprotheine ke feela amino acid e polymers. metsoako e rarahaneng, ho phaella ho amino litlhaka kahare acid e, 'me e na le batho bao e seng protheine Tshebediso ya.

Ka e mong le e seleng e ho na le tse likete metsoako manyolo phahameng ea limolek'hule. Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore nakong ea bophelo ba ea' mele, dintho tsena di timetsoa neng kapa neng, ka seleng lokela phetha tswakana tsoelang pele tsa protheine e hahuoe hape organelles bona, lera la le dikarolo tse ling. Hammoho le palo ena e khōlō ea lisele tsa fana ka bakeng sa sebopeho sa metsoako manyolo tsa 'mele ka kakaretso. Ena "ho hlahisoeng" ba lebeletsane, ka mohlala, lisele tse ka litsoelesa endocrine eo ho hlahisa li-hormone. Moo protheine tswakana o na le matla a maholo ka ho fetisisa.

Paakanyong metsoako hloka ditjeo khōlō matla. Mohloli fana e seng feela protheine tswakana, empa hape dithulaganyo tsohle lisele ke ATP.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya mesebetsi le maikemisetso a metsoako sa thehoa ka ho ya ka sebopeho bona mathomo - tatelano ya amino acid e ka molek'hule ea. ya data lefa ka sebopeho sa mathomo protheine kenyeleditsweng ka nucleotide ketane DNA molek'hule. karolo e itseng hore Deoxyribonucleic acid e, e leng e na le boitsebiso bo mabapi le tatelano amino acid e ea ka motsoako o bitsoang phatsa ea lefutso.

protheine tswakana etsahala ka ribosomes tse cytoplasm ea sele. The cytoplasm tloha lesedi motheo ka sebōpeho sa komponeng ke ka mokgwa wa mRNA (lenģosa RNA). Bakeng sa tswakana ea limolek'hule le RNA ho etsahala "unwinding" (despiralization) DNA sebakeng. Tsela morago ga moo e bang teng ka molao-motheo oa complementarity. Sebelisa enzyme ho ketane DNA ke tsa maiketsetso RNA limolek'hule.

The cytoplasm lokela na le sete e itseng ea-amino acid. Ho hlokahala bakeng sa tswakana protheine. Sebopeho sa acid tsena amino ke ka lebaka la ho bokaholimo ba matsoele tsa metsoako jeoang tse phelang. Ho feta moo, amino acid e ka fumana ka ka ho toba tswakana karolo (the ribosome), kaha o khomaretse khetheha ka phetiso RNA (tRNA).