Moscow: tlhaho. Tse fapa-fapaneng, libōpeho le maeto

Sebakeng se Moscow e teng e bohareng ea East European Valley. Le bohareng ba e Moscow, 'me sebopeho sa e leng attributable haholo-holo sebakeng se lona le ke ke e ngata fapaneng ho tloha sebopeho sa toropo e le sebaka se ka kakaretso.

sebakeng libaka

E ka leboea ho motse-moholo oa Russia e tlala Upper Volga mabalane le ka boroa leshano maralla ya Smolensk-Moscow Upland. Sebakeng seo ho na le matša a mangata le linōkeng, eo e simolohe haholo-holo ka ho Klin-Dmitrov Ridge (North-bophirimela karolo ea Smolensk-Moscow Upland), e leng e tlisitseng, le phallang ka ka Volga, kapa Oka. The Moskva-Oka thota le setho sa hae Teplostanskoy Upland ae phethang ka leboea-bophirimela ho Moscow sebakeng. Leralleng ena ke ntlha ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa (253 limithara tse), e ithorisang ka Moscow ka ho toba ka boeona. Nature potolohileng motse-moholo ikemiselitse le mokhoabong mabalane Mescherskaya, o tlang ho tloha bochabela ho ea chesele thehoa Klyazma le Moskva noka. Zaokskaya thota koala sebaka ho tloha ka boroa.

Bohale ba linōka, matša, meru ...

mabalane Plain, maralla, linōka, tse sebakeng seo ho na le ka 2000 likoto, sena sohle rerang ho ba teng ha e itseng ha boemo ba leholimo, limela le liphoofolo hore khethollang sebakeng Moscow le Moscow ka boeona. Mofuta wa motse-moholo 'me a sebaka se lona potolohileng taba, sa tloaelehang e ntle, le hoja ba sebetsa ka mafolofolo tshusumetso anthropogenic (feletseng mofuta ofe kapa ofe mosebetsi batho mabapi le tlhaho). dieike Relict le meru phaene koahela 40% ya sebakeng kaofela, athe ka meru toropo koahetsoeng 42% (2168 ly) area. Makhulo, masimo a, ka lenyele phallang linōka, bogs (tsamaisoa feela pula) le likhohlo sireletsoa - jwalo shebahala joaloka sebōpeho sa Moscow le sebaka.

moru

Ho boloka bokhabane tsohle tsa tlhaho, monna e le hantle, ke le sera sa ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, o leka ho etsa sohle se matleng a ka. Ho bulela sireletswa moruo, tse kang "Zavidovo", kapa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo ea sechaba tse kang "Moose Island", e akarelletsang Terraced Oka Biosphere Reserve. Ka Suburbs, ba bangata ba na le meru ea mahareng, hōlileng ka sebakeng seo ho rengoa ha lifate le masimo a. Ba fapana meru ea mathomo e nolofalitse ho sebopeho le litšila kgolo birch le Aspen. Ka Moscow ka boeona, haholo, 40% ea motse e koahetsoeng ka meru, har'a oona 21% ba lula merung phaene (Serebryany Bor, eo tšimo ea ho na le phaene lifate lilemo ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 170). meru phaene, e ela hloko haholo ho tšilafalo, ho lula e nyenyane haholo - 2 feela%. Ka Losiny Ostrov ho ntse ho ena mehlaleng ea lilemo ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 130. Moscow meru deciduous ajoa ke mofuta tjena: - 10% dieike (Izmailovskiy phakeng), sole -18% birch ae phethang 39 sebakeng%, Aspen - 4%.

Mefuta ea meru lema ea Moscow le sebakeng

Haholo-holo ea mofuta oa Moscow ka lebaka la hore o ile a, joaloka tse ling kaofela tsa tikolohong eo, larileng ka ka confluence ea morung-steppe le moru ka libaka. Ke hore, sebaka sena e tala haholo. Leboea le ka bophirimela ea sebakeng seo ho neng ho lula bohareng-phaene le phaene meru. Meshcherskaya mabalane thabisang karolo bochabela sebakeng koahetsoeng phaene taiga drive le mabalane mokhoabong ke lifate alder. Center ea sebakeng seo 'me ke ka ho Moscow, mofuta wa e ruileng merung e ka boroa taiga phaene-deciduous, kotonda le firs le phaene, birches le aspens,' me puso ea undergrowth ea Hazel. Ikutloeleng boroa - sebakeng sa eike sephara-leaved, ho phaella ho eo ho na le natalie le maple leaf, le Elm le Linden. Le sebakeng sa libaka phetoho (ho tloha steppe ho steppe) ka Moscow-Oka leralleng ntse fumanoa lema phaene, ho etsa mohlala, ka e ka holimo Lopasnya Nōka. Empa haufi le boroa ho na le ka ho eketsehileng ka mose meru, steppe-joaloka lihlekehlekeng tse ling tse tala har'a lithoteng tsa, meru eike, molora le lifate maple leaf. Ka boroa e feteletseng ea sebaka seo e koahetsoe ke steppe moru, e leng e hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng lengoa le ha a sireletsa foromo ka eona qalong, esita fragmentary.

khalemelo ea liphoso

Ho bohlokwa ho ela hloko taba ea hore mehleng ea rōna ke reforestation mafolofolo. Le ho bontša motho ea retelehela ho tlhaho, ho tlohela feela moreki maikutlo. Ka Shaturskie Lukhovitsky le mekhoabong teng ka bochabela ea tikolohong eo, ka ho eketsehileng ba ile ba qala ho kopana le qalang har'a dimela letsoalloa.

Botle ke ke bolaea

E boletsoeng ka holimo mesebetsi batho kenyeletsang litoropo tsa tšimong, ho bokella palo e khōlō ea baahi ba, ho fumaneha le ho hahoa e tsoelang pele ea Litsela le liporo, phetoho sebakeng hydrography (alterations noka, hlaha ha matamo ncha, joalo-joalo), palo e se nang palo ea outbuildings, sohle seo hore e lokela ho tsamaea le ka ho motse-moholo kholo ka ho fetisisa, e leng motse-moholo oa puso e khōlō. Leha ho le joalo, sebōpeho sa Moscow le sebaka se Moscow ile a thetsoa hang Yuriya Dolgorukogo, 'me mehleng ena e ntle ka ho fetisisa le tse fapa-fapaneng.

Bongata ba liphoofolo

Ho sa tsotellehe bohato senyang batho, ho lula, kapa e ne e le baemeli ba tse ngata tsa lefatše le phoofolo. Ka hare ho sebaka sa ho pota Moscow le phela mefuta 60-70 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang. Ntle ho bona, ho na le ba fumanoa lihahabi (6), sehahabi (7), tlhapi (40). Le kamoo linonyana mona tse ngata! Tsa mefuta e 120 phelang ka Suburbs e, 29 phunyeletse ka libakeng tse bohareng ba motse. Le sebakeng seo, ho na le tse fetang 200 mefuta e phelang mona ka ho sa feleng kapa ho na le linonyana tse lelefalitseng. Likokoanyana boetse ho na le e khōlō ea chelete e - 135 mefuta e meng ea lirurubele, 300 (e mong-ea leshome ea bumblebee e) mefuta e meng ea linotši. Ho phaella moo, ho na le ba fumanoa marutle (8), litsie (23), maleshoane fatše, ditsitsiri, lefehlo, likokoanyana, lintsintsi hlahisa hammoho bo50 mefuta. 9 Ba kena ka Red Book - mefuta 4 of wa blues, le mefuta e 5 ea likokoanyana. E hloekile ea metsi Moscow o re ho na le baahi ba 'maloa ba likolopata libakeng tse fapaneng tsa sebakeng seo. The Red Book ngolisa mefuta leshome le metso e ea liphoofolo phelang ka hara sebaka Moscow.

Wildlife fapafapana Moscow

Taiga mefuta ea liphoofolo, tse tloaelehileng haholo masimong, hlahiswa mutla le bokotokwe fofang. Linonyana atileng ka ho fetisisa ke grouse, capercaillie, bullfinch, hammoho le ba sa moluoane tits, crossbill-Elovikov, le Redwing blackbird-ryabinovik. Ho se tšoane ea tlhaho ka Moscow e tšoantšetsoang ke mefuta e joalo ea liphoofolo tse khōlō fumanoa merung deciduous, likhama Roe le boar hlaha, bona likhama le marten phaene, mink le polecat. Ka planar haufi le toropo e khōlō phela Sony le tawny sephooko. Ke hobane'ng ha le mefuta ena li bitsoa mabapi le se feela sebaka, empa Moscow ka boyona? Hobane e mong oa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo pele ea sechaba ka Russia - "Moose" e leng sehlekehleke ", moo hoo e ka bang kaofela ha liphoofolo tsena phela, e teng ka naheng ea Moscow, ka hare ho meeli ea motse.

mofuta letsoalloa

A mocheso kontinenteng tlelaemete ea Moscow e le hantle, ke phetoho ea ho tloha bonolo ho e bohale kontinenteng Asia European. Ka bokhutšoanyane, boemo ba leholimo tsa Moscow ke phutholohile haholo - e batlang e le maikutlo a mariha le nakong ea lehlabula e batlang e mongobo. Rorisoa ke meloko e mengata ea classics Russia, tikoloho letsoalloa la Moscow haufi le moratuoa a le mong o Russia, e seng feela hobane lerato bakeng sa hae mabapi le ho Motho a le lebese 'mè oa hae, empa hape hobane seo se hlile ho makatse hore ebe e ntle. Ho lekane ho bona retrospective ba metako ke baetsi ba litšoantšo ba Russia le fumaneha hohle ho etsa bonnete ba hore tsena ha li na mantsoe a se nang letho. Lelapa le bonahale polenovskie "Moscow Yard" le "Nkhono o Garden", o thabela Pimenovsky "New Moscow", empa pelo ea ka ea opa ho tloha tse makholo metako ea bataki ba sebakeng seo, tse bontšang mofuta wa naha ea habo bona. Moscow - letsoalloa motse Russia, teng ka pelong ea karolong e Europe la Russia, 'me ka hona mofuta wa Moscow emela Russia, le hoja mofuta wa naha sabaletseng e mong oa karolo e itseng ea bapatsa ho thata.

maeto tlhaho ka Moscow

Moscow le sebaka se Moscow e ngata maeto tlhaho. Tsena li akarelletsa, ka pele-pele, "Serebryany Bor" le "Moose Island". leha ho le joalo "Black Lake" le "Botanical Garden Vilar" ka bitsoa ho tloha e lethathamo tsotehang. Thahasellisang beha dintho ke "Valley ea Nativity ka Mitino molatsoaneng" le "Natural Reserve Krylatskiye maralla." Hammoho le "Biruliovsky arboretum" le "Big Vostryukovsky pond" le dozen maeto tsa tlhaho, ke etela eo u ka fumana ba bang ba khopolo ea mofuta wa Moscow le sebaka se Moscow.