Moo libaka tsa Iseraele. Ho meeli ea Iseraele, e le naha, e sebopeho sa naha, mofuta wa

Iseraele e le naha eo ho eona e utloa tšusumetso ea litso le malumeli a 'maloa,' me ka utloa literateng tsa puo dipuo tse ngata. Bibele ka boeona e ka bolella ka histori ea ruileng, eo pele tse fetang lilemo tse sekete 'maloa. Le tsohle hobane hore liketsahalo tse siea letšoao lona sebakeng Iseraele hahlaula. Boholo ba naha ena a ikutloa kateng ha a etetse libaka tsa histori le libaka tse halalelang, soaked ka sepakapaka sa lumellaneng le bomoea.

Sehlooho seo se tla tšohloa ka lefelo le sebakeng seo ba Iseraele 'me meeli ea eona le linaheng tse ling, Geological le phagocytal ya data, hammoho le ho peculiarities ya limela le liphoofolo tsa moo.

Location mapeng lefatše

The State ba Iseraele e le lefatšeng, e leng o bitsoa ea Bochabela bo Hare. Ena ke rephabliki paramente ka boroa-bophirimela Asia, e lebōpong ka bochabela a Leoatle la Mediterranean. Haeba u sheba 'mapa oa lefatše, le hokahanyang nepahetseng ea Iseraele - 34 ° 45' bochabela longitude: le 31 ° 30 'bolokolohi leboea.

Meeli le sebakeng seo

Israel re bapile ka mahlakore linaheng tse 'maloa. Ho leliboho lona ka leboea - ka Lebanon, karolong e ka leboea-ka bochabela - le Syria, ka boroa-bophirimela - le Gaza Strip le Egepeta ka bochabela - le Jordan le naha e ka bophirimela ea Nōka ea Jordane.

Bolelele ba leliboho naha e ka bang makholo a leshome le motso km. ya data More nepahetseng, oddly ho lekaneng, ha li hlalosoa ke puso Iseraele. 'Nete ke hore kajeno, naha ke ke rarolla leliboho semmuso le Syria le Lebanone. Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba ba le kakanyo feela e arotsoe "tšobotsi reticle mollo" le "Blue Theosa le Lilemo."

meeli e ka bophirimela ea Iseraele ka Leoatleng la Mediterranean, e leng karolo e ka boroa - le Leoatleng le Lefubelu, 'me ka bochabela sebakeng meeli tse halalelang Nōka ea Jordane, moo Jesu o ile a kolobetsoa hang-hang. The lebōpo ke km 273. Boholo ba litlaleho tsa Leoatle la Mediterranean, 'me le karolo e nyenyane haholo e akaretsa Leoatle le Lefubelu (km leshome le metso e feela).

Kakaretso ea sebakeng seo ea Iseraele, ho akarelletsa le Lekhotla le Palestina, e 27.800 km lisekoere. Le 6220 ho bona hapa Judea, Samaria le Gaza Strip, e ba 'nile ba ba pholositseng ka lebaka la tshebetso sesole ka 1967. Ka bochabela, naheng ea 'Muso oa Iseraele ke karolo ea Leoatle le Shoeleng (hoo e ka bang sekete km lisekoere). E letsoai koaloa letšeng, botebo lebetsoeng le e limithara tse 378.

tšimong ea puso

Likhakanyo sebakeng sa naha ea Iseraele ea km lisekoere mashome a mabeli tse sekete, e leng liphororong tse fetang tse 'nè ka metsi ka hare ho naha. Area ea naha otlolla tloha boroa ho ea ka leboea, ho tloha Eilat ho Metulla fedisa ho km 424. Ho tloha ka bochabela ho hole le bophirimela ntlha narrowest ke km 15, 'me ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a fihla km 114.

Ho fihlela joale, Iseraele a hapa East Jerusalema 70 sq km SE, km lisekoere 1150 tsa Golan Heights, le km lisekoere 5879 ea Banka Bophirimela. Tokisetso ena e ama bophelo ba mmuso, kahoo e ka puo 'me chelete ea eona makgetheng.

puo Iseraele

Kajeno, lipuo tsa semmuso naheng ena li nkoa e le Searabia le Seheberu. Empa mona khafetsa haholo buang Serussia, Senyesemane, Sejeremane, French le Sepanishe.

Qalong, puo ea batho ba Bajuda e ne e le Seheberu. Ho lumeloa hore ba neng ba ena le Adama le Eva. Ka puo ena ho fetisisa tsa Testamente ea Khale le ea Leoatle le Shoeleng Meqolo neng a ngoloa. nako ena kaofela puo oa Iseraele a se fetohile tlas'a tšusumetso ea linaheng tsa boahelani. Ka hona variants lona ho bonahala eka (mohlala, Bophirimela European, Yemen, Sejeremane le Mamosleme).

Leha ho le joalo, lekholong la bobeli, Bajuda ba ile ba hlorisoa ke Baroma, 'me Seheberu e lahlehileng matla a eona e le puo e buuoang. Ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIX e feela o ile a ngola lithothokiso le litemana tsa bolumeli, 'me ka nako eo ha a ba a khale. Empa ka mor'a hore a Seheberu butle-butle a tsosolosa ka etsa boikhathatso ba ho Zionist ea neng a lula Russia Muso.

israel chelete

Kajeno, puso ea chelete semmuso e nkoa e le le lecha Iseraele shekele. O o lekana le sente lekholo e mong. Ha bapisoa le diyuniti tse ling ka chelete, le NIS - 0,29 US ya dollar, kapa 16,96 tsa ruble Serussia.

Currency sebelisoa ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo lefatšeng ka bophara. Empa ka nako eo ho e sa ho ne ho bolela shekele kereke ea chelete ea tšepe, 'me boima ba' mele ea khauta kapa silevera, tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Ka 1985, chelete ena e depreciated ho isa linakong tse sekete. Lichelete tsa tšepe tse teng le banknotes fetohile shebahala 'me ba ba khethiloe litlhaku tsa alfabeta ea Seheberu. 'Me ho ba lishekele tse ncha. Kajeno, chelete Iseraele na le khoutu ea machaba 'me ka bolokolohi e fetohang ka lichelete tse ling.

la tsamaiso karohano

The State ea Iseraele e arotsoe libaka tsamaiso, eo ba bitsoa mehozotami. Kakaretso ea tse tšeletseng: Central, Jerusalema, Haifa, Tel Aviv, North le Afrika. libakeng tsa tsamaiso ba arotsoe ka lesometlhano potlana literekeng-, e bitsoang nafotami le eena. Ba ka tšepa mashome a mahlano subokrugov ikemetseng.

motse o moholo 'me ba bacha ba tikolohong ea Jerusalema ke Beit shemeshe. Mehleng ea Bibele ho matha tseleng ho tloha lithabeng Judea ho Ierusalima.Tel Aviv ke khoebo le indasteri, ea setso le khoebo bohareng ba motse-moholo. Sebaka ho fetisisa bohehang e nkoa Haifa, eo e teng ka matsoapo a halalelang lithaba ea thaba ea Karmele.

Iseraele e ka nepo li ka nkoa e le setsi sa ho Jerusalema. Sebakeng sena se halalelang, senoleha liketsahalo e khōlō ea bophelo ba Kreste. Ho boetse ho na le toropo e khōlō ka ho fetisisa mmuso ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa km lisekoere 126. Jerusalema, lapeng ho batho ba ka bang likete tse robeli. Kakaretso ea palo ea baahi ba Iseraele e ka bang robeli ba limilione.

tlisang liphallelo Iseraele

Sena bolelelane naheng e 'meli lithaba,' me sephetho sena a mararo a fapaneng ka ho feletseng ho tloha sebakeng seo liphallelo.

1 Rift Valley. Joalokaha ho atisa ho bitsoa Jordan mora nōka e phallang mona. Ke cavity buka e ikhethang, e bolelang e khōlō Geological molato oa libaka Syria African. Ho akarelletsa ho ea Jordane Valley, Hula, Jezriele, ea Leoatle le Shoeleng beisine le Wadi al-Arab, e leng kgokahanyo ho Leoatle le Lefubelu.

2. Mountain oa libaka. Eilat fetela le ho tloha koung lithabeng Lebanese. sebaka seo le tsona li ka aroloa ka likarolo tse tharo. Ka boroa e lihlabeng tsa Negev lehoatata, ka leboea - Galileo, 'me e bohareng - e Central Highlands, e kenyeletsang Samaria, Judea le Shfela. Haeba u ela hloko likarolo naha ea Iseraele tšimong ena, re ka bona hore ho phahama ka bonolo ho ea ka bophirimela, eaba ba etsa ketane oohle oa maralla a ka limithara tse makholo a metso e mene e 'meli le makholo a phahameng. Karolong e ka bochabela ea lithaba ea naha li steeper le moepa, ba bang ba bile fihle km 1.3.

3. The lithoteng mabopong. E qala ka rolo e moqotetsane moeling Lebanese le otlolla ho Egepeta ka Negev lehoatata. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sebaka sena ka arotsoe likarolo tse tharo. E lebōpong leboea le e Zapadnogalileyskoe Zabulone Valley. Karolong e ka boroa ea libaka Maritime emeloang lebōpong le Mediterranean, e kenyeletsang Negev Bajuda le thota. Sebakeng se bohareng le tšekamelo ea Karmele Valley lebōpong le le Sharon (Sharon).

Bakeng sa moqotetsane lehlabathe lebōpong larileng hlobolisa naha e nonneng, tse tšoara batho ba moo ba le. Ke ka lebaka leo sebaka sena e concentrated ho fetisisa ea baahi ba Iseraele. Thoteng mabopong a ka sehloohong koung ho fedisa ea Tel Aviv, Ashdode, Haifa le sete ya konokono tsa bokgoni ba temo le indasteri ya mmuso.

Geological tšobotsi

Naha haholo-holo e na le mafika a Mesozoic, tse amanang le tsamaiso ea phahameng le quaternary. Ka ho fetisisa ho atile Upper Cretaceous mobung, tse emeloang ke dolomite, a lejoe la mokoetla le marl. Zoolity le sandstones etsahala ka sehlabeng Gileleya le sebakeng seo e lebōpong la leoatle. Karolong e ka leboea ho na le mobung le leholo la tjhoko, eo thehoa ka mahaheng a Rosh Hanikra. Empa jeokrafi sa Iseraele phuleng ea Jordane e lesihla e fapaneng ya lihlopha tse matla alluvial.

le dikarolo ea lejoe la mokoetla habonolo hohola e ngata ea metsi sebakeng seo. Ka lebaka la sena, libakeng tsena haholo ntshetswa pele dithulaganyo karst. Mahaha, thehoa ho tloha dimela metsi-qhibilihang ka har'a, ba bangata Iseraele. Leha ho le joalo, ho etela feela bulehileng mong - Avshalom. Hape ho na le ba bangata ba mahaheng nyane thehoa ka tlhaho, e leng ba histori 'nile ea sebelisoa e le polokelo ea, libaka tse pata le kopana le batho.

naheng ea Iseraele

E ikhethang sebakeng libaka oa Iseraele haholo susumetsoa mefuta-futa ea mafika fatše. Karolong e ka bophirimela ea naha, e bopilweng ka le lebōpo le matsoapong a thaba, mobu morui, sootho, e leng tšobotsi bakeng sa libaka tse ommeng tropike. Ka naha ea libakeng tse ka bochabela le e bohareng ya a tsitsinkela lithaba bohlooho-sootho lefatše. Ka boroa, ho na le mefuta e sa tsoaneng ya mobu tropike ea lehoatata.

Libakeng tse ling tsa Negev ka leboea thehoa khanya bosehla nonneng loess. Ka mabopong humus dikahare ranges ho tloha 0,75% ho 2,4% ka ka botebo ka holim'a metsi, ka ho latellana. Ground ka boroa Negev e entsoe ka morema le sandstone, 'me naha sekoahelo sa Galilea - ho tloha lejoe la mokoetla. Sekoahelo mobu a le siyo feela ba bang ba na le lehoatata le lithaba libakeng.

hydrography

Ha re sheba moo Iseraele, u ka bona hore o hanyetsoa boemo ba phagocytal. mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng a lekantsoeng ka limithara tse dikhubu limilione tse likete tse 1,8 ka selemo. Ho bana, sa 1100 e tlisoa ke ho mehloli nyenyane le linōka, 320 - Iseraele sebakeng sa Jordane, 'me 200 - ho re thefula habohloko le Yarkon Nōka.

Hape, metsi a hloekileng e hlahisoang ke ho hloekisa ea likhoerekhoere le ho e lokisa ya metsi a leoatle. The pokello ka sehloohong bakeng sa naha ke Leoatle la Galilea. Ho eena ka mor'a Rosh ly-Ayin ho metsi Yarkon-Negev ke bolelele kakaretso ea tse ka bang 250 km.

Ka bophirimela ho nōka ea naha ho matleng a Basin sa Mediterranean. Ho na le hase ba bangata ba, le boholo ba bona ba mpa feela omisa ka nako ea selemo chesang. meeli e ka bochabela ea Iseraele ke undrained. Nōka ea ho fetisisa ea kamehla ea naha e nkoa e le Jordane. Ka lebaka la thepa ea haeteroliki ke hoo e batlang e sa fetohe metšoasong. The ntle le mabaka a feela ke likhohola tse khutšoanyane. La thahasello e khōlō a le Leoatleng la Galilea. Ke li nokoa ka letsoai e nyenyane, empa a sa ntse a loketse bakeng sa tshebediso ya, 'me e nang le litlhapi.

maemo a klimate

Israel - haholo leng naha e nyenyane, empa ho ka etsahala ho ea kopana le ho fetisisa robong libaka fapaneng a klimate a, e leng fapana ho ea ka libaka tse sebakeng. libakeng tse lithaba li tšoauoa ka e le lehlabula ka toka a chesang 'me mariha a batang. Libakeng tsa lebōpong la leoatle tšoauoa ka mariha a bonolo le lehlabula mongobo. Le Jordane Valley e bonolo le e monate mariha, empa chesa haholo le ho omisa lehlabula. fapafapana joalo e hlalosoa ka sebaka thata le ea lehoatata ka libaka tse ka bochabela le planar tsa leoatle ka lehlakoreng le ka bophirimela.

Moo libaka tsa Iseraele ama boemo ba leholimo. Ha e le hantle, naha e na le boemo ba leholimo tropike. Mariha ke haholo pholileng le pula. Air ka January hangata thabisa ho fihlela ho likhato 9-22. E ngata pula oela December - February, lehloa oela ka seoelo, 'me joale feela lithabeng.

Summer Iseraele nka ho tloha April ho November. Ke haholo-holo omeletseng le e mofuthu. moeeng e thabisa ho fihlela ho likhato 30-38. Empa ka lebaka la mongobo o fapaneng haholo ka libaka tse fapaneng tsa mocheso le e lemohuoa ka tsela e fapaneng. A tšobotsi e khethehileng ea lilemo tsa pores Iseraele ba sultry ponang meea ea lifefo. Metsi a Leoatle le Shoeleng e hangata mofuthu ho fihlela ho likhato tse 30 ka August, 'me 25 - ka February.

Flora

Israel Nature e sa tšoaneng haholo. Mona o ka kopana le baemeli ba Sahara le Arabia, MoIran-Turan le sebakeng sa Mediterranean. Dimela dinaheng ba emeloang 2600 mefuta, tse 150 tsa tsona li ka fumanoa feela ka ho Iseraele 'me kae kapa kae moo e mong lefatšeng.

Atile eike, kharenate, sa feiga, sa mohloaare, kyprese, Laurel, sikamora, myrte le carob. Batho ba moo ba rata ho lema eucalyptus, leoka le Alpine phaene ka libaka morung. Bakeng sa hlwekiseng ba metseng ea litoropo sebediswa casuarina, pistachio, Ficus, oleander le tamarisika. Ho ea ka lefelo la dimela tsena, u ka bona hore moo qetellong ba Iseraele 'me meeli ea eona.

liphoofolo

liphoofolo Iseraele e tšoantšetsoang ke mefuta e 100 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, mefuta e 500 ea linonyana le mefuta e 100 ea lihahabi. Pele liphoofolo e ne e le ruileng. From libaka tsena nyamela tau, Syria bere, Nile koena, oryx, Berber linku, onager, likhama lale le sephooko. Empa a sa ntse ho na le e fumanoa dromedary, linku Barbary, Nubian poli, tšephe, matsa, boar hlaha le Oryx.

Hape, phoofolo mofuta oa Iseraele emeloang makgobokgobo le naha likolopata. Alexander feela ka nōkeng ea Nile li ka fumanoa mefuta e myagkokozhie. Hape ke lehae la ho marabe Palestina, EFA, Boa, metsi noha, o motsho Noha le bona psevdovipera. Kakaretso ea ka itšetleha mefuta 30 ea linoha, 8 tsa tsona li chefo.

The omile mong ka boemo ba leholimo ka lekanyetsang palo ea mefuta ea liphoofolo tse phelang metsing. Di mona hlahisa Fire Salamander, e bofilwe Newt, chameleon, sefate Frog tloaelehileng, Syria spadefoot digogwane le tala.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, moo libaka tsa Iseraele e fana ka menyetla e mengata ea naheng ena. Haholo-holo mona rata ho tsamaea motsamai e loketseng ho plesieroorde tsa Mediterranean, le Shoeleng le Red Maoatle.