Nōka ea Uda: tlhaloso, setšoantšo

Nōka ea Uda, e phallelang sebakeng sa Buryatia, ke e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Selenga. Bolelele ke 467 km, sebaka sa botebo sa nōka ke 34,800 sq. Km. Km.

Sehlooho

Tšimoloho ea lebitso lena ha e hlahe, ho na le liphetolelo tse 'maloa: ho tsoa lentsoe la Mongoline la boholo-holo bakeng sa marulelo, le ntseng le hōla ka bongata mabōpong; Ho tsoa molokong oa Uduites, o timetsoe ke Mamongolia; Ho tsoa ho Mongolia "Ude" - "motšehare", joalokaha, ho ea ka pale, bahlabani ba Mongolia ba qala ho fihla nōkeng e sa boleloang ka lebitso nakong ena ea letsatsi; Kapa ho tsoa lentsoeng la Selkup "ut" - "metsi".

Litlhoko tsa Nōka ea Uda

Boa e qala merung ea coniferous ka boroa-bophirimela ho sehlekehlekeng sa Vitim, bophahamong ba limithara tse 1055. Lihlopha tse ka sehloohong tsa likhetho ke Mukhey (93 km), Pogromka (44 km), Egita (lik'hilomithara tse 55), She (173 km), Kudun (252 km), Kurba (227 km), Bryanka (128 km). Nōka e phalla ka boroa-bophirimela. Ho tloha mohloling ho ea ho confluence ea Ona, nōka e feta sebakeng se pota-potiloeng ke limela tsa tšimo ea Vitim, joale liphallelo li fetoha le ho feta, 'me lipalo tsa morao-rao har'a litoropo tse tlaase (1200-1800 m), tseo bongata ba tsona li leng lehlakoreng le ka leboea-bochabela.

Likarolo tsa nōka

Nōka ea Uda le Selenga (kapa ho e-na le hore, basineng ea bona) e arohane ka tsela e latellanang 'me e ts'oaroe ka tsela e ts'oanang le libanka tse peli. Ho ea ka sebōpeho sa phula ea nōka, mocha le maemo a phallo, letamo le arotsoe likarolo tse peli: ho confluence ea Ona le ho tloha confluence ea eona ho ea molomong.

Karolong ea pele (lik'hilomithara tse 261) nōka e phalla haufi le moru o tletseng marulelong, o pota-potileng le libakeng tsa libaka tse tšabehang. Phula ea nōka e tebileng, e fokolang hanyenyane, bophara bo bongata ho ea tlaase bo nyoloha ho tloha halofo ea khilomithara holimo, ho fihlela ho 5-10 km qetellong ea sebaka. Lithaba tsena li na le lithaba tse bolelele ba limithara tse 50 ho isa ho tse 300, li entsoe ka li-granite le majoe a mang a kristalline. Nōka ea Uda e phalla ka eona. Tšimo ena e khaotsoa ke melapo ea litlhōrō, lipalo tse omeletseng le meru, tse nang le meru le lihlahla. Bophara ba bethe bo fapana ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 40-60 limithara, mabenkele a le boemong bo phahameng haholo, a nang le bophahamo ba bolelele ba limithara tse 1-2, ho feta moo ho nang le lihlahla le lifate ho pholletsa le bolelele (phaene, larch, birch, poplar, willow).

Sebakeng sa bobeli (206 km) phuleng ea nōka ke floodplain le tebileng. Sebaka sa metsi a moroallo se na le libaka tse peli kapa tse tharo ka bophara, sebakeng sa Ulan-Ude feela limithara tse 20-50. Ho bonolo ho tšoasa litlhapi nōkeng ea Uda. Sebaka se ka holim'a metsi a moroallo se koahetsoe ke litsela tse ngata, banna ba baholo le menyako. Bophara ba phula e ka tlaase ho tloha ho 10-15 ho isa ho 19 km, matsoapo a eona a phahame, karolong e ka tlase e pota-potiloe, ho na le meru e teteaneng ea coniferous. Libakeng tse ka tlaase, matsoapo a theoha, a phunyeletsa melapo e meholo ho ea nōkeng ea likhohola. Nōka ea Uda e na le mocha o ts'oanang le o sebetsang haholo, ntle le lik'hilomithara tse supileng tse fetileng. Bophara ba metsi, ka karolelano, bo tloha ho 70 ho isa ho 100 m, e kholo ka ho fetisisa ke li 260. Likhakhahla tsena li fumaneha karolong e ka bang limithara tse lekholo ho tloha ho tse ling, botebo libakeng tsena ha bo felle ka 0,7 m, ho fihla metsing le halofo. Ho teba ho hoholo ke 3.2 m. Nōka e fepa haholo metsi a pula, empa ka lilemo tse ling metsi a phalla a fihla ho 30% ea molumo. Meroallo e qala ka halofo ea pele ea April, e fihla tlhōrōng qetellong ea khoeli, le qaleho ea leqhoa. Metsi a theohela qetellong ea June.

Ntho ea nōka

Lehlabuleng le ka hoetla, ho na le marulelo a mahlano ho tloha matsatsing a 20 ho isa ho a 30 a fetang nōkeng. Boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba ho phahama ha metsi bo hlokomeloa ka August-September. Hang ka mor'a lilemo tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano, lipula li baka likhohola. Ledostav e feta matsatsing a ho qetela a October kapa qalong ea November, leqhoa le nka matsatsi a 155-180, 'me karolong e ka holimo ea Uda e qhala ka ho feletseng. Nōka e sebelisetsoa metsi, ho tloha motseng oa Onnoborsky ho ea ho confluence ea Selengu, ho rafting ea meru e entsoe. Uda e tšela libaka tsa libaka tse ngata tsa bolulo. Ho na le metse e 'maloa tseleng e ka tlaase,' me maboteng a mabeli a sehlekehleke ke motse-moholo oa Buryat, Ulan-Ude. Nōka ea Uda e na le mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi: ho ruruha, tugun, taimen, pike, omul, burbot, kahobane maboteng u ka atisa ho bona batšoasi ba litlhapi. Merung ea seterekeng sa Khorinsky, ho tsoma liphoofolo tse hlaha, li-roe li-Siberia , li- wapiti, likolobe tse hlaha, li-lynx le libere li atleha haholo.

Libaka tse potolohileng

Mabōpong a nōka ho na le libaka. Phula ea metsi a phalla e nkoa e le eona e tsoetseng pele haholo Buryatia. Motse oa Ulan-Ude o haufi le molomo mme o fihla lik'hilomithara tse 20 ho ea fihla motseng o moholo - Selengu.

Ho feta moo, haufi le nōka ho na le litsela tse 'maloa tsa likoloi. E 'ngoe ea tsona, e nang le letšoao la P436, e tloha motseng o moholo oa Buryatia ho ea ho Chita. Bolelele ba sona ke 200 km. Ea bobeli, e bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 30, e tloha Ulan-Ude ho ea Khorinsk. Tsela e kholo e amanang le litsela tse peli e kopanya lekhalo ho tloha Bryanka (phula ea Uda) ho ea fihla molomong oa Khudan.