Smolensk sebakeng baahi: palo le tsa merabe li sebopeho

"Castle o moholo 'me batho ba bangata" - hlalosang e khanyang ea boholo-holo Smolensk Ustyuzhanskaya litlalehong tsa histori ea IX lekholong la lilemo la. Sena ke ha ho buuoa ka lekhetlo la pele ba e khanyang Smolensk sebakeng. Bakeng sa likete tse tharo bobeli emblazoned mabōpong tsa motse Dnieper ea boholo-holo Russia, e leng e se e le setsi se seholo lebatowa. Travel ho latela sebaka fetoha sibolloa oa sebele ea sebakeng khanyang. E ho makatse ha feela sebopeho le mehaho, empa e boetse e le baahi ba sebakeng Smolensk. Baeti ba kamehla o ile a lumelisa ka mofuthu, le e fiela Serussia.

Area Smolensk sebakeng

Ka bophirimela moeling oa naha Russia Keepsake ke e khanyang Smolensk naha, e ka tšoantšoa le lesole ea bohlale khale hore ba 'na khotso. Le, ka sebele, ka makhetlo a mangata motseng ona bahale e-na thebe ea Russia. Sam Smolensk e teng ka fihlang ho e ka holimo ea Dnieper River ka e leng sebaka sa 365 km le ho tloha Moscow. Smolensk sebakeng ke taba ea Federation ea Russia 'me ke ka le Central District Federal.

Motse o e hlahile ka maralla a supileng tseo kgwebo ya tsela e tsoang ho "Varangians ho Bagerike" e ile ea fetoha setsi sa metsana tse ngata. Kajeno, Smolensk sebakeng na mophetho tšoana le Bryansk, Pskov, Moscow, Kaluga, Tver sebakeng. Belarus e haufi le moeli oa Smolensk, Vitebsk le Mogilev libaka. E bōpehileng joaloka sebaka se ka 1937.

Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane ea sebaka seo

Smolensk sebakeng ae phethang ka bang 50 000 km le e bohareng ba Bochabela European Plain. Ho na le mona, ka upland le mabalane. Boemo ba leholimo ke mocheso kontinenteng, e le libaka tlelaemete - e leka-lekaneng. Driving ka ho sebaka seo, u ka shebella wavy holim, libakeng tse maralleng le liphula noka.

Ka naha ea sebaka se Smolensk ho na le liminerale tse ngata ho tloha hlahang ho yona sedimentary. Ho na le ka 'na ba kopana le le mobung ea sootho mashala, peat, lefika letsoai, loam le letsopa. Ha a qhekelloa ka sebopeho sa linaha tsena folisa seretse le metsi matsoai. Ka linako tse ling ho na le mobung ea kristale lefika, silica, tšepe, ocher. mehloli peat sebakeng seo ke phahameng haholo. Mesebetsi e sa kaho ba epilwe lehlabathe, lehlohlojane, gypsum.

Mariha ho ke ke bohlokoa e le hlokang leeme frosty dithemparetjha, ea lehlabula - mofuthu le pula. Tsoela pele ka ho sebaka seo ke melatswana ea Dnieper ka Vyazma, Vop River, Desna, Sozh. Kahoo, tlala ho feta ea mehloli lona metsi a joalo linōka tse khōlō e le Volga le Oka, eo ho eona phalla Vazuza le Ugra.

Sebaka se ka sehloohong sa ho sebakeng Smolensk hapa Nyutlelie mobu podzolic. Ka linako tse ling ho na le lehlabathe le loamy merero e mebe. Sebakeng sena ho na le meru e mengata, makhulo le libaka tse mongobo. lijalo atile ea limela lengoa. Baemeli se ka sehloohong sa merung tse phaene, birch, Aspen. Hanyenyane ka tlase emeloang dieike, maples, molora, Linden. liphoofolo e tšoantšetsoang ke mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo tse anyesang le linonyana. mefuta e ka bang 50 ea litlhapi e fumanoang ka metsi sebakeng seo.

lesedi tsa histori

Krivichi qalong tsoela pele ho phela linaheng tsa Smolensk, Smolensk sebakeng baahi e simoloha ho bona. Ebe motse bakeng sa nako e telele e ne e le tlas'a taolo ea Kievan RUS. The heyday tsa Smolensk principality oela lekholong la XII. Ba bang ba nako ea naha e ne e le karolo ea Duchy tsa Lithuania, 'me hamorao ba ile ba ikopanya le ba Moscow Setatemente. Fetoheng molaong ea ho qetela ea Smolensk linaheng tse sa State Russia hlahile ka mor'a hore Russia-Poland khohlano. Kahoo lilemong tsa bo-XVIII ho ne ho profensing ea Smolensk.

Qalong ea nako Union, ba bang ba ea sebakeng se Smolensk ne e le karolo ea SSR Byelorussia. 'Me ho tloha 1937 e fumanweng meeli ea kajeno.

habo Famous

Ka Smolensk naha hlahetse batho ba tummeng, har'a oona le tsebo baetsi ba litšoantšo, batšoantšisi, bohlale baqapi, bangoli, liroki, sculptors. A mangata a otla nang le tsusumetso ea hae e tsebahalang moqapi Mikhail Glinka. Ho ile mona o ile a hlaha ho cosmonaut pele Yuri Gagarin. E sa Lebaleheng Clown, liserekising performer Yuri Nikulin ke e boetse e le letsoalloa la sebakeng Smolensk. Le motlotlo baahi ba sebakeng seo geniuses kang Alexander Twardowski, NM Przewalski, S. Konenkov, Azimov, A. Griboyedov.

Baahi ba sebaka se Smolensk

All-Russia palo ea sechaba ka 2010 ile a fumana hore ba libaka tse 18 tsa Central Setereke ea Smolensk Region Federation o ile a nka sebaka bo16 la lilemo. palo ea sebakeng Smolensk ea baahi ba ka nako eo e ne e le 985 500 batho ba. palo ena e hangata haholo fetohile ka tsela ea liketsahalo tsa histori. Ho latela Rosstat, ka 2013 le segokanyipalo sa baahi ba sebakeng Smolensk ne lekana le batho ba 19,59 ka sq / km SE. Ka phokotso ea segokanyipalo ka nako e 'ngoe e haholo susumetsoa ke litoropo.

palo ea baahi ba litoropong e imene hole feta palo ea baahi ba mahaeng. Ho tloha ka karo-karolelano ena e 72% ho 28% ya baahi ba ea baahi ba mahaeng. palo ea basali mabapi le banna ba e boetse ke haholo e phahameng ho feta. palo ea basali ka nako ena o lekana le 536.900 le banna ba - 448,6 sekete.

Sebakeng sa motse-moholo, motse oa Smolensk, ka likhakanyo tsa January 2017 |, ke lehae la batho ba 328,906.

Smolensk sebakeng, batho ba metseng le libakeng

E leng motse o moholo oa Smolensk, ya e le hantle, ke motse-moholo oa sebaka sa - Smolensk. About boholo ba motse o boletsoeng ka holimo. Bobeli kholo ka ho fetisisa setsi lebatowa bonahala e khanyang Vyazma, moo batho ba 54.259 phela. Ka mor'a hae e fihla motse Roslavl nang le baahi 51 775 baahi. Hoo e ka bang palo e tšoanang ea batho ba litsi setereke Yartsevo le Safonovo (46 219 le 43 727). Motseng oa Gagarin, ba phela le batho 26.916, Desnogorsk na le baahi ba 28.518. Mona ke tse ling, ka tlase lieu motse oa sebakeng Smolensk ka baahi:

• Tšepe e - 9650.
• Yelnya - 9460.
• Pochinok - 8684.
• Sychovka - 8246.
• Velizh - 7078.
• Demidov - 6585.
• Dukhovshchina - 4125.

Population District, Smolensk Region o na le litšobotsi tse latelang:

• Velizh RN - 11.114.
• Vyazemskij RN - 77.359.
• Haharins'kyi N - 45.940.
• Glinkovsky RN - 4404.
• Demidov RN - 12.310.
• Dorogobuzh setereke - 27.376.
• Duhovschinsky RN - 15.484.
• Elninskaya RN - 13.846.
• Ershichsky RN - 6444.
• Kardymovsky RN - 12.499.
• Krasninskoe RN - 12.269.
• Monastyrschinsky RN - 9472.
• Novoduginsky RN - 9603.
• Pochinkovsky RN - 29.851.
• Roslavlsky RN - 71.990.
• Rudnyansky RN - 23.562.
• Safonovsky RN - 58.803.
• Smolenski RN - 53.889.
• Sychevskii RN - 13.807.
• Temkinsky RN - 5971.
• Ugransky RN - 8190.
• Hislavichsky RN - 8106.
• Holm-Zhirkovsky RN - 9754.
• Shumyachsky RN - 9909.
• Yartsevskiy RN - 54.231.

dipalelo morao tjena ea baahi

palo ea Smolensk sebakeng baahi e ne e le 958 600 le batho ka 2016. Ka la 1 January ya selemo sena, baahi ba litoropong e imene, ho ne ho 690 000 (72%), baahi ba mahaeng e ne e le 268 600 (28%). Re lokela ho hlokomela hore le likarolong tse ka bophirimela tsa sebakeng seo ho feta lieu ho feta ba bang. Bonyane ea baahi bohle ka libaka tse ka bochabela (Temkinsky, Ugra). palo ea bana ba le bacha ke 336 000 batho ba. Baahi ba sebaka se Smolensk ka 2016 fokotseha ha ho bapisoa le ka 2015 ho batho ba 6000.

sebopeho National

Ba bangata ba thahasella ho palo e seng feela ho ba baahi ba sebaka se Smolensk, empa hape ho hlophisoa lona merabe. 97% ea baahi palo yohle Russia lula Smolensk. Ka sebakeng sa bobeli ke baemeli ba Belarus (0.83%). Sechaba Seukraine bo emela mona ke 0,64%. Bajuda ba nehelana ka chelete ea 0,56%. Roma tšoare 0,18% ea baahi. e nyenyane haholo e ngata, empa a ntse a le teng sebakeng sena ba Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, lipalo, Georgians, Majeremane.

maeto tsa tlhaho

Ho boloka litsamaiso tsa tlhaho, hammoho le bakeng sa merero ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa Smolensk Lake District ileng ba bōptjoa. lebitso la ena pokello ena derives ho tswa ho matša 35 ka hare ho sebopeho lona. E mong le e ba bona ba e tumme ka botle ba eona e ikhethang. Bareki Smolenskii Lake District kena ka tikolohong e fantastis. Ka hare ho pokello e na le ba bangata liemahale tsa histori. E mong oa bona ke ea khale ea boholo-holo Russia motse Verzhavsk hore atleha ka IX-XII lilemo tse makholo.

libaka tsena ka tsela e makatsang e ntle li boetse o amahanngoa le motsamai le leholo le le mofuputsi ea linaha tsa Asia - N. M. Przhevalskim. bahahlauli ba bangata le batho ba moo ba tsebe mohloli tummeng e bitsoang "Oa halalela Hantle".

liemahale meralo

Ho tswa ho fetisisa ea boholo-holo dibopeho meralo ka khetholloa Smolensk qhobosheane Lejoe qhobosheaneng. Ho ile ha hahoa ntse tlasa boetapele ba morena Fedor Ioanovicha jwalo ka XVI-XVII lekholong la lilemo la pakeng tsa Moscow Principality le Rzeczpospolita hlaha liqabang paballo ya naha. ka 30.000 hiriloeng basebetsi e ile ea sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kaho ena. Sena ke e le sefika meralo ea marako a motse 'me litora tsa 38, ba bang ba fihla limithara tse 33 le bophahamo. Ena ke matla ka ho fetisisa linako tse leboteng RUS. O leihlo kahong ea tummeng Smolensk mong'a Fyodor Kon.

Sebakeng Smolensk, joaloka ho liemahale tse ling tse leha e le efe a sireletsa setso sa Russia tsa nako ea pele ho Mongol. Mona ho na le mesebetsi ea ka mokhoa Baroque, hammoho le mehlala keng ea lekanngoa mohaho kereke.

Ka Smolensk ho na le makundoli 'maloa, mehahong, oa hopola hopola liketsahalo tse ngata sesole. Hape mona ho ne ho e ngata liemahale inehetseng ho ba habo e tummeng. "Green sefaha ea motse" - ho thoeng batho ba Smolensk lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa bona.

limusiamong kgolo le likereke Orthodox

A mangata ka a ntseng a utloa Boldino motseng oo sebakeng Smolensk. hangata haholo, bahahlauli ee ho na le leetong la ho. E mong oa khale ka ho fetisisa le ntle ka ho fetisisa dintho tse ding le mona ke a Halalelang-bo-bong Monastery. Ho e thehiloe ke St. Gerasimos Boldin ntse a le lilemong tsa bo-VI. makhetlo a 'maloa se tsosolositsoeng tempele, empa e boetse e tsoela pele ho thabela baeti lona.

Motseng Novospassky Smolensk sebakeng ke musiamo-Manor M. I. Glinki, moo a ileng a ba kile ba lula. Manor Sena ke sefika feela inehetseng ho e tummeng Russia moqapi. The ea matlo le bopilwe ka tse peli tse khōlō-storey ntlo, kichineng annexe, moeti, e lebakeng, le kariki ntlo, gazebos ntle le tempele ea baholo-holo. hangata haholo, e le mabitso a moeti utloahala melumo e khahlehang oa piano ya ho.

Motseng Hmelita Smolensk sebakeng lula le matlo pele ea lelapa la Griboyedov. Tse hlahang ho mohaho ona ka fumanoa Comedy hae shoeng "Ho malimabe, ho tloha Wit". Ntlo ea borena le phakeng libini akarelletsa ho lejoe le ntlo, 4 outbuildings, serapeng sa boikhathollo le alleys, 2 matangoana le tempele.

Pakeng tsa metsaneng ea Katyn Sehlaha le sebakeng Smolensk ke sehopotso rarahaneng "Katyn". Bakeng sa nako e telele Union nako, sebaka sena e sa boleloang, kaha ka 1940 ho na le e hlahile liketsahalo tse bohloko. Ho ka morung ba sebakeng seo ka nako eo thunngoa mashome a 'maloa tse likete tse balaoli ba Poland le batšoaruoa ba bang. Sehopotso rarahaneng e mocha haholo, ho ile ha buloa ka 2000. Monyako ka sehloohong la ho ea sehopotso e entsoeng ka sebōpeho sa khalase phofung. E bohareng ba e rarahaneng le e emela telele Orthodox le sefapano se ka e tsoela Krrish Alley.

Sebakeng Smolensk e hahoa litempele tse ngata, empa nako ea pele ho Mongol, ba lula ba tse tharo feela: Kereke ea borapelli motseare, Cathedral of nkuwa e, St. Sergiase kereke Kerekeng ea nyolohela Monastery.