The tlhophiso ea litsela. Lenane la Litsela 'muso o Russia

Litsela tse kholo ke litsela lipalangoang hore amahanya libaka ka ho fapana le libakeng tsa naha. Boleng phahameng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa naha ya rona di Litsela muso oa Russia. Empa hape bohlokoa ba litsela tse kholo tse ling hape halala ha ho hlokahale. A re ke re ithute hore na ho go arologana Litsela, hammoho le ho kha lethathamo la Litsela Serussia 'muso.

The mefuta e sa tlhophiso tseleng

Pele ho tsohle, a re ke re fumana hore ka seo mabaka ka hlophisitsoe litsela. Ho itšetlehile ka ka litekanyetso le, ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea tlhophiso:

• utlwahalang;
• mofuta oa barbotage;
• ka thepa le;
• sehlopha sa;
• ke sehlopha.

Ka tlaase mona, re sheba e mong le mofuta oa tlhophiso ka ho qaqileng le ho feta.

The tlhophiso ea Litsela utlwahalang

mofuta ona wa tlhophiso ka Federation ea Russia e hlalosa ka molao o khethehileng oa 'muso o ka Litsela, e leng e ile ea hatisoa ka 2007. Ho ea ka eena, tseleng arotsoe ka Litsela muso Russia, lebatowa, litekanyetso hara-masepala le moo. Seo se bolela hore re tla bua hamorao.

Russia Litsela muso - litsela tse kholo ke ea bohlokoa ea sechaba. Di chelete ho tswa ho etsa moralo oa tšebeliso muso.

Litsela Tsa Libaka - tsela tseleng, tlas'a taolo ea ba boholong libakeng tse. Ba na le moo, lebatowa le tekanyo ea ho bohlokwa di tšehetsoa ho tswa ho etsa moralo oa tšebeliso e loketseng. Ha tselaneng lebatowa fana phihlelo interchanges kgolo lipalangoang le mehaho e meng ea bohlokoa, le tlhophiso Russia oa Litsela e bontšoa ke le ketapele A, le ba bang kaofela - le le ketapele K.

Litsela hara-masepala ba sebeletsa ho hokahanya metsana ka hare ho meeli ea sebaka e 'ngoe empa ba le boemong ba ka tlaase ea bohlokoa ho feta litsela tsa lebatowa,' me re feta muso litsela tse kholo Russia. All tseleng intermunicipal tsejoa ka tsela eo le ketapele H.

Litsela tse ling tsohle tse litsela tse kholo tsa bohlokoa ea moo. Hangata, ba na le ka hare ho meeli ea sebaka le 'ngoe kapa sebakeng le na le boleng bohlokoa feela bakeng sa hae. Chelete e tsoang tekanyetsokabo ya muso sebakeng seo, e akarelletsang.

Types of Litsela ka mofuta oa barbotage

Ka koahela litsela tse kholo kaofela ba arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: le thata lekhotla le tlase ho lefatshe. Eaba oa pele o arotsoe ka subspecies maloa sekontiri katoa ka majoe paving, lithaele ka konkreiti jj ... mobu Litsela na reisisi maiketsetso.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ka lethathamo Russia oa Litsela muso hase karolo ea 'ngoe compactor lipalangoang tsela. Hape o tla se fumana leha e le efe o balehela ho lona joalo tseleng har'a bohlokoa lebatowa le hara-masepala. Empa ha li kopana le ditsela tsa moo.

Types of beng ba Litsela

Ke tokelo ea melaetsa tsela beng arotsoe ka naha, lebatowa le ya poraefete. Haeba tlhaloso ea mong'a Litsela naha le lebatowa potso ha a hlaha, litaba poraefete di batla fapaneng. Ho joalo, ba ile ba ka e matleng a hae ka ho mokhatlo ofe kapa ofe kapa motho ka mong. Hlokomela leha ho le joalo, e le hore mokhoa oa litsela poraefete ka Russia ha se tloaelehileng haholo.

Ka nako e tšoanang e lokela ho hatisa taba ea hore Litsela tsohle li kenyelelitsoe lethathamong la mela muso Russia, o ne a ena ke mmuso.

Classification sehlopha sa

Ho na le boetse ho na le litsela tse tlhophiso sehlopha sa. Ho ea ka eena, e khōlō le arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro: tsela e khōlō, e phahameng-lebelo le pineng e tloaelehileng.

Phapang ka sehloohong ho tloha litsela tse kholo e bonolo motorways ke hore mofuta pele ha dipina hoa lumelloa ho kena ho phalla koloi ka tsela e khōlō adjacently ka phahameng ka ho tšoanang, ha mofuta bobeli hoa khoneha.

Ka ho ya ka dipina tloaelehileng e behiloeng ka tlase lebelo mokgwa wa ho feta tse peli tse ka holimo. Ho feta moo, ho fapana ho motorways le expressways, ka litsela tse joalo e lumelloa motsoako le baesekele, koloi le mileng litsela tsa ka sefofane e tšoanang.

Hlokahala tšobotsi motorways le expressways - ho ba teng ha tsamaeang leoatleng tse 'nè kapa ho feta, e mong le e le bophara ba 3,75 m.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tsa tsela ea hae e tšoanang le ka ho ba le sehlopha sa tšoaneng.

Ho hlokahala ela hloko hore bohle ba mefuta eno ya litsela tse kholo akarelletsa lethathamo la Litsela Serussia 'muso, empa har'a litsela tse kholo lebatowa e khōlō se le siyo.

Road thipitlo ke sehlopha

dihlopha Road tlhophiso ka nkoa ee tseneletseng ho feta ke balehela ho lona sehlopha sa.

litsela tse kholo kaofela ba IA sehlopha, litsela tse kholo - IB, empa tsela e tloaelehileng hang arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mehlano - edy, II, III, IV le V. edy fapane le dihlopha tsohle tse ling tsa difaele dipina tloaelehileng ke hore e hloka ho ba teng e tlamang ea karohano tsa hae markings bakeng motorways me litsela tsau. E mong sehlopha ea Litsela tloaelehileng mofuta fapana ka palo ea tsamaeang leoatleng sephethephethe le widths bona. Ho feta moo, ho fapana le embodiments a mang, Tracks dihlopha IV le V lumella bakeng sa motsoako le sa terene le literempe litseleng tsa ho phahameng ka ho tšoanang.

Litsela tsohle IA sehlopha, ke hore, ho motorway, ka lethathamo la Litsela Russia e 'muso.

tseleng 'muso

Joale a re hlahlobeng seo le lenane la dipina tse ka lethathamo la Litsela muso koloi Russia. Ho akarelletsa ho feletseng litsela tse kholo ho bohle hore hokela Moscow le lihlooho tsa mekhatlo e meng 'muso, kapa o tlohang ka metse bohareng Federation le Serussia. Ho phaella moo, ka lethathamo la litsela tse kholo Serussia 'muso e ka kenyeletsa litsela tsoang litsi tsa tsamaiso ka libaka tse fapaneng, ha e khōlō o na le bohlokoa ka ho khethehileng. Hape ka lethathamo lena ka linako tse ling e ne e akarelletsa ho fetisisa bohlokoa tlohang litsela, haholo-holo ba hore fana ka menyako ho mateanong a litsela kholo ka ho fetisisa sephethephethe kapa puisano ho ba le boleng muso, mohlala, ho likoung kgolo.

Litsela Federal Russia ke tsa bohlokoa ho khetheha bakeng sa naha ea tsamaiso lipalangoang.

Classification la Litsela muso

litsela tsohle akarelletsa lethathamo la litsela tse kholo muso Russia, na ipatlele arohaneng tlhophiso bona. Ka ho tsoela, le re ntse re qoqa tsoela pele.

Russia Litsela muso li arotsoe ka mefuta e tse peli tse khōlō: litsela tsa sechaba le Europe.

Ho feta moo, e baloang ba Litsela tlohang Moscow le lihlooho kapa litsi sebakeng tsoang linaheng tse ling a sebelisa le ketapele M. Ka mela tseo, e leng amahanya libaka bohareng ea mahe a linotši e le motse, R. le ketapele sebelisoa Russia litsela tse kholo Federal le ea bohlokoa haholo e le mabapi le ho fihlella le baliloe prefixed le A.

Lethathamo la Litsela muso le le ketapele M

Joale a re hlahlobeng lenaneo ka boeona e Russia Litsela muso. Litsela Federal tsa bohlokwa kakaretso, o tlohang Moscow le lihlooho European le litsing lebatowa na le mabitso a latelang:

• M1 - ka Minsk.
• M2 - ka Yalta.
• M3 - Kiev.
• M4 - Novorossiysk.
• M5 - Khabarovsk.
• M7 - Ufa.
• M8 - ho Arkhangelsk.
• M9 - Riga.
• M10 - St. Petersburg.
• M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow (hahuoa).

Lethathamo la Litsela muso

Lenane la Litsela muso koloi ea Federation ea Russia, eo amahanya mong ho e mong le metse e bohareng ea bafo ba oona, ho akarelletsa ho 34 seporong. The bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea bana ba akarelletsa:

• P23 Belarus - St. Petersburg.
• P56 Pskov - Novgorod.
• P92 Eagle - Kaluga.
• R119 Tambov - Eagle.
• P120 Belarus - Oryol.
• R132 Ryazan - Kaluga.
• P208, R209 Penza - Tambov.
• P216 Stavropol - Astrakhan.
• R217- "Caucasus".
• R239 Kazakhstan - Kazan.
• R298 - Lipetsk tsela P22.
• P351 Tyumen - Yekaterinburg.
• P402 Omsk - Tyumen.
• P404 Khanty-Mansiysk - Tyumen.
• P600 Ivanovo - Kostroma.

Litsela muso oa Federation ea Russia, eo sebeletsa e le mabapi le ho fihlella, na 75 mabitso. Bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, 'me ba ke tse latelang:

• Shelkovskoye A103 tsela e khōlō.
• Ilinskoe A109 tsela e khōlō.
• A113 Ring Road.
• A164- "Transkei".
• A181- "Scandinavia".
• A375- "East".

Litsela European

Ho phaella moo, ho na le litsela tse 'muso o Russia, e na le boemo ba litsela European lipalangoang. Tsena li akarelletsa moleng latelang:

• E18 Finland - Saint-Petersburg.
• E20 Estonia - St. Petersburg.
• E22 Latvia - Ishim.
• E28 Poland - Kaliningrad - Lithuania.
• E30 Belarus - Omsk.
• E38 Ukraine - Voronezh - Kazakhstan.
• E40 Ukraine - Volgograd - Kazakhstan.
• E50 Ukraine - Makhachkala.
• E58 Ukraine - Rostov-on-Don.
• E77 Poland - Pskov.
• E95 Saint-Petersburg - Belarus.
• E97 Ukraine - Georgia.
• E101 Ukraine - Moscow.
• E105 Norway - Yalta.
• E115 Novorossiysk - Yaroslavl.
• E117 Georgia - Mineralnye Vody.
• E119 Moscow - Azerbaijan.
• E121 Samara - Kazakhstan.
• E123 Khabarovsk - Kazakhstan.
• E125 Ishim - Kazakhstan.
• E127 Omsk - Kazakhstan.

Tsena litsela tse kholo muso Russia e leng tsa bohlokoa, e seng feela hobane e fana ka koloi sephethephethe ka hare ho naha, empa hape le ho etsa bonnete ba tshebetso tsitsitseng tsa ho tsamaisa machaba.

litsela tsa Asia

Ho phaella moo, ho na le Asia machaba tseleng. tlhophiso e tsejoa ka tsela eo le ketapele AN. Empa re lokela ho hlokomela hore litsela tsa Asia hape classified ka nako prefixes M, P le A, ho itšetlehile ka hore na boleng o fuoa tsela.

Ka mohlala, tsela e R258 "Baikal" extending ho tloha Irkutsk ka Chita, ke karolo ea Asia tseleng AN6 Belarus - Busan (Republic of Korea). Ka tsela e tšoanang M10 e khōlō St. Petersburg - Moscow (lebitso le leng la tseleng - "Russia") ke karolo ea tseleng e khōlō ea Asia AH8 Finland - Iran le nako e le nngwe le karolo ea European tsela E105 Kirkenes (Norway) - Yalta.

Litsela thepa ea mohaho

Har'a litsela tse kenyelletsoa lenane la litsela Russia e 'muso, le' ngoe feela e ntse e hahoa ka nako eo - M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow. mosebetsi-holo li tla ba ho fokotsa phallo ea likoloi ho tloha 'mileng M10 "Russia", e phallang hoo e ka bang e tšoanang le hape kopanya tse peli lihlooho Serussia. Ho ea ka morero oa, libakeng tse ling ea e ncha mola phahameng-lebelo tla lefshoa. Ka 2014, karolo ea pele ea tseleng e ile ea buloa bakhanni. Pejana ho moo ho ne ho reriloe hore ho tsela e khōlō li tla beha ka botlalo ho sebetsa ka 2018, empa ka lebaka la ho tla ha mathata a moruo ka har'a naha kamoo ho ka khonehang ka haholo falla.

Ho phaella moo, ho na le palo e ea merero e thahasellisang, e leng, haeba kenngwa tshebetsong, o ne a amohetse boemo ba litsela tse kholo muso. Empa ka nako eo ba ile ba ba feela ka nako e sethaleng maikutlo.

boemo tseleng

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore boholo ba Litsela muso tse khotsofatsang barbotage. Ha e le le lenane la dipina, e leng tse tlase tsa ho ba boholong ba libaka le bomasepala motho, boemo ba bona bo fapane haholo. Tsohle itšetlehile ka seo e le karolo ea Russia ba sebakeng, le ka moo e ngata chelete bakeng sa ho lokisa tsa bona le poloko ka abelwang karolo ya mebuso ea moo.

Ya e le hantle, ka Federation ea Russia, litsela tse ngata ea moo ke le boemong bo ka toka e ntle, empa ho na le palo e lekaneng ea balehela ho lona, e leng maemo a eo ke koluoa, hlokang hore hang-hang ho lokisa lesela.

Management ea litsela tse khōlō 'muso

taolo ya muso tseleng e behiloeng tlhokomelong ea mahetleng a puso khampani "Road Service" kapa e le ka mokgwa o mong e bitsoa, le Federal Road Agency. khamphani ena e thehiloe ka 2004 'me ke ka ho toba tlase ea Lekaleng la Tsa Transport ba Federation le Serussia. From 2012 ho nako ea hona joale e le hlooho ea Roma Viktorovich Staroviyt. "Rosavtodor" atlholang boleng ba Litsela muso le nka liqeto ho lokisa le, ha ho hlokahala. khamphani e rera le kemiso ea ho lokisa tsa litsela.

Ho phaella moo, ka 2009, ho e thehiloe ke puso mokhatlo oa "Roads Russia", e leng hlooho ea eona e ke S. V. Kelbah. Taolo ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng ba ile ba isoa ho M1, M3 le M4.

E bolelang Litsela muso

Ho thata ho feteletsa se boleloang ke eo bakeng sa tsamaiso ea lipalangoang tsa naha tse Russia Litsela muso. Lethathamo hlahisa pele ho moo e bontša hore ba beha hammoho le bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa litsi Russia Federation baahi le puisano. Ka hona hase ea bohlokoa haholo ho fana ka dikahare tsa bona ka foromo e khotsofatsang, ho thibela timetso, kabo e loketseng ea sephethephethe.

Ho feta moo, e le hore optimize le phallo ea ho tsamaisa tseleng, lokela ho ba ho haha ho feta palo ea tseleng e khōlō ka sehloohong oa 'muso, kaho ea e leng ka' na etsahala ka nako e tlang.