Mefuta ea electrodes ke efe? Mefuta le mefuta ea electrode

Tjheseletsa ke tshebetso bakeng sa ho hlahisa dikgokelo ka tšeptjoang ke futhumatsang likarolo bohale ho mocheso qhibiliha. MMA - the atile ho fetisisa ea mofuta oa eona. Mokhoa ona ke e behang haholo, tenyetseha, theknolojing le bonolo le le bonolo ho li fumana lapeng.

Ha e le hantle ba ile phone

The molekeng oa likarolo e ikopanya le qhibiliha ka lebaka la mocheso lokolloa ke likaroloana le ionized phalla pakeng tsa cathode le anode, - e selikalikoe motlakase. Ionisation le hlaha ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha balebeli ba potoloho jwale le lekgutshwanyane pakeng tsa lipalo tse peli tse nang le litšobotsi tse kamehla kapa polygonal.

sesebelisoa A sebediswa ho qapa le ho selikalikoe ke eleketrode - molamu tšepe kapa bao e seng metallic. Mosebetsi oa ka o ile a etsa ka Pinów le 'ngoe kapa tse ngata le matla a ho bopa selikalikoe eketsehileng pakeng tsa bona (ba bararo-mohato selikalikoe tjheseletsa). The ionized elektrone kemisong e pota-potiloe ke mouoane oa sesebelisoa le fana ka kgaso qhibiliha likarolo tsa lona tsa tšepe ho ikopanya, litholoana tsa ditshebeditsano ea bona le moea. Types of li-electrode ho tjheseletsa ikemiselitse nahane ka litšobotsi tse tsohle tlholeho boitsebisong boo ka ho khetheha.

Classification ea melamu difeme ka lintho tse bonahalang

Ka liboto tsa lona, le lisebelisoa tjheseletsa tsohle bakeng ile phone li arotsoe ka qhibiliha le batho bao e seng consumable.

• Qhibiliha: lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe, tšepe, aluminium, koporo (ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa tšepe ntse welded). molamu sebetsang sebakeng sa hae cathode kapa anode, 'me hape o sebeletsa e le lintho tse bonahalang filler bakeng sa ho tlatsa ho cheseletsa puddle le sebopeho seam.
• Neplavjashchimsja: k'habone melamu, entsoe ka graphite, ea tungsten; sebetsa Morero o ka sehloohong feela; Ho phaella moo sebediswa filler tšepe terata; Tungsten hloka ha TIG tjheseletsa.

Har'a sehlopha sa pele sa li-electrode e thōko mefuta ka sehloohong:

• Uncoated. mofuta ona wa seletsa e sa sebelisoa bakeng sa ho ile phone.
• Koaheloa. Conformal barbotage e sebediswa ho boloka selikalikoe botsitso, tshireletso tšepe tswa tukang, tšusumetsong ea khase, ho eketsa litšobotsi phetha molao oa ao cheseletse ka doping tsa tlhaho (ikopanye le qhibiliha likarolo alloying ho cheseletsa letamo bareng).

Sebelisa ho ea ka mofuta oa mosebetsi oa

Types of li-electrode ho pukwanana selikalikoe tjheseletsa, e boletsoeng ka holimo, na kopo motho ho itšetlehile ka mesebetsi e mokhoa.

K'habone li-electrode senoloa - sa mathomo tjheseletsa qaptjoa, bo lokela ho lebisoa N. N. Benardosu tlasa godu 1882 - ho sebelisoa mehleng ea kajeno. Features: DC, ka kotloloho polarity, phepelo tlatsetso ya filler terata, selikalikoe tsitsitse, thupa butle chesa, carbonization se hlahile. Tshebediso ya khutlisetsang polarity litšobotsi tse selikalikoe le ho fokotsa seam (it carburized).

Tšepe li-electrode - latelang qaptjoa ke le tšimong ea thekenoloji tjheseletsa, bo lokela ho lebisoa N. G. Slavyanovu (1888). Hammoho le bona e simolohile prototypes ea mechine ea kajeno tjheseletsa. Tjheseletsa melamu ka tsela meltable fumane kopo bophara ho indasteri 'me a fumana ntshetsopeleng mafolofolo. Ho fihlela joale, o ile a sebelisa ka selikalikoe pukwanana, jarolla ka ho iketsa le seka-jarolla ka ho iketsa (koahetsoe iphaphathile) tjheseletsa.

Tungsten eleketrode, ka lebaka la ho phahameng qhibiliha mocheso 3422˚S sebelisoa e le infusible tlas'a argon tjheseletsa. Kahoo, theknoloji e fapa-fapaneng tjheseletsa kopana mefuta e itseng ea li-electrode.

Kabo ka taetsano

Eang - ena ke tšobotsi eo ka eona ba ile ba kopanela tsohle tsebahalang li-electrode. Mefuta le melamu kopo denoted ke lengolo tšoanang (GOST 9466-75):

• mehaho tšepe, ho akarelletsa le e tlase-motsoako le e matla ya 60 kgf / limilimithara ² (600 MPa) ka ho tšoaea khethiloe ka lengolo le "Y" - k'habone;
• alloyed steels constructional ho ba le matla a 600 MPa - «L»;
• phahameng-motsoako mehaho steels - "B";
• mocheso kenelwe alloyed tšepe - "T";
• lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ka thepa e khethehileng, e leng khetholleha surfacing - "H".

ho khethoa ha e bontšitsoe cha e pharaletse.

molamu barbotage

A mefuta e fapaneng ya sebopeho le hlahang ho yona coatings sebelisoa maemong a motho ka mong bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ya thepa. Latelang mefuta coatings eleketrode:

• Bolila "A". Na le k'habone ferromanganese le ferrosilicon. Di sebediswa bakeng sa ho toba kapa DC. Tšoauoa ka phahameng qhibiliha. Molemo tšebeliso ea seams e ka tlaase.
• Rutile "P". Na le rutile (thaethaniamo dioxide e), carbonates, aluminosilicates, ferromanganese, waterglass. Ho tjheseletsa seams ba boemo bofe kapa bofe le mofuta oa hona joale ka ho toba kapa ka ho toba. Ka lebaka la liphetoho tse hlahlamanang lik'hemik'hale, e slag sireletsang hore thibela metsoako talimane le mokhathala. Good boleng welds, le tlaase toxicity.
• Selulose "C". Entsoe ka selulose, a mankanese manya, talc, rutile, carbon ferromanganese. Bopa khase e sireletsang pota selikalikoe le ao cheseletse letamo. Bakeng sa seams tsohle; Phahameng lebelo la mosebetsi; boleng bo botle; ha lia lokela ho lumelloa ho overheating; tahlehelo e boima fafatsa. Sebediswa bakeng sa ho sa feleng kgokahanyo liphaephe.

• Senotlolo "B". E le karolo ea carbonates le fluoride k'halsiamo. Sebopeho sa e le sireletsang carbon dioxide e ka lebaka la ho itsoara joang ka tsa carbonates le arcing oksijene. Ho hotle ho phetha mosebetsi tlas'a hona joale kamehla le polarity ka tsela e khutlisetsang. Nakong tjheseletsa divariabole fumana e tlase boleng seam, theknoloji eketsehileng ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi tse lona phetha molao feela.
• Tse ling "P". Na le likarolo alloying. Boleng ba cheseletsa e ntlafatsoa ke ho kenyelletsa ka ho sona e itseng eo di ea alloying metsoako ea eleketrode consumable.
• E khethehileng. Na waterglass le dintho ntšang boroku. Sireletsa ho tloha mongobo. Sebediswa bakeng sa tjheseletsa ka tlas'a metsi.

morero oa itseng ke li-electrode tsohle koaheloa. Mofuta o ka sehloohong oa barbotage e rutile ka lebaka la ho versatility lona. Coatings phetha mosebetsi sireletsang ke deoxidizing motsoako ho letamo entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa, phaella ka ho re tlhokeng thepa ea motheo e alloying, sebopeho sa e le selika-likoe oa meea e sireletsang kapa slag. Ena o qoba ho tlaasana ao cheseletse boleng feta likarolo tse bonahalang bohale, ho etsa bonnete ba sebopeho sa welds ntle boleng.

ditlhoko Tool thehiloeng ke GOST 9466-75

• li-electrode ho tlameha ho entsoe ka lintho tse bonahalang boleng bo phahameng.
• The barbotage e lokela ho ba senyeha 'me ha ba na likoli tse kgolo (lumelloa boteng ba nicks nyenyane' me u kibe mapatso kapa ntle le machachetsi le porosity).
• Phahameng phetha molao ho hanyetsa tshusumetso ka phoso.
• mefuta e fapaneng ya li-electrode ho lumellanang barbotage qhibilihile se ke ua felloa ntle eaba ba etsa lihlekehleke lekane ha ho tse nyanyalitsoeng fetang litšobotsi lumeletsoe.
• The theko lokela ho fana ka boleng ao cheseletse sebopeho: ha ho mapetsong, pores, ea moo feteletseng ao cheseletse tšepe.
• Kwalwang etsa khetho ho latela entsprechen tsohle tse hlokahalang le theknoloji ho latelwa - le senotlolo hore ho thehoe le kamano ka tšeptjoang tiile.

Selection ea thupa ho itšetlehile ka boholo

Mefuta novice welder molemo tsebahalang ea li-electrode, e laolwang ke boholo. The bophara oa sesebelisoa ka eo mosebetsi tla a etsa e kgethile ho latela ka tieo le workpiece botenya. Ha a patilwe, joalokaha ho ka ho hlaka o ile a bontša ka sesebelisoa bo bitsa. Bolelele ba eleketrode e hape e tsitsitseng ho ea ka bophara ba eona. Ho bohlokoa ho ba le e le maikutlo a ea bolelele ea bofelo hlobolisoa sesebelisoa sa uncoated.

The bokima jwa bohale alengelami, limilimithara	Eleketrode bophara, le d, limilimithara	Eleketrode bolelele, limilimithara	Bolelele ea bofelo hlobolisoa senoloa, limilimithara
2	2	200-250	20
3 ho 5	3-4	300-450	25
6 ho 8	4-5	350-450	25
9 ho 12	5-6	350-450	30
13 ho ea ho 15	6-7	450	30

Bakeng sa lapeng tjheseletsa ho fetisisa e atisa ho sebelisoa mefuta ya li-electrode ho selikalikoe ho tjheseletsa le bophara ya 2-4 limilimithara. mekoallo teteaneng e leng tsa bohlokoa ka mabenkele a ho lokisa le ho etsa thepa.

barbotage botenya

E na le lebitso le ea eona e ka sesebelisoa tšoaea. Ho e hlalosoa ke karo-karolelano coefficient lona D (limilimithara) ea molamu ho botenya le d (limilimithara). Arotsoe ka lihlopha 4:

• tšesaane "M" (karo-karolelano ea ho 1.2);
• karolelano "C" (Ntlha e na le boleng pakeng tsa 1.2 le 1.45);
• teteaneng "D" (karo-karolelano - ka hare ho 1,45-1,8);
• haholo-holo teteaneng "D" (boleng ba coefficient la 1.8).

Ka sephetho le tšusumetso e seng feela mefuta eohle ea coatings pukwanana selikalikoe ho tjheseletsa li-electrode, empa e boetse e le botenya ba lera la barbotage, le boholo bo molamu. E loketseng kgetho ya boholo eleketrode fana ka lebelo e ntle, 'me entsprechen boleng ba selikalikoe thehoa ke mabapi le.

Selection melamu ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa e kopanetsoeng 'me boemo ba eona tlhaloganya sebaka

Seams ke classifications 'maloa:

• Ho itšetlehile ka hore liketso tsa mabotho a ka sehloohong: le lehlakoreng, tse tobileng, oblique, qetellong.
• Ho latela boemo ba likarolong tse ka welded: abutting, sekhutlo, tees, vnakladku komponeng.
• Ho itšetlehile ka boteng ba bohale bevel: Bevel na bevel.
• Ho latela boemo ba sebaka: tlase, ka holimo, tse tshekaletseng, paatsepama.

Le ho khetha ama tlhaloganya sebaka boemo ba seam ka. mofuta lona e bontšoa ka molamu tšoaea.

• 1 - bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa maemong ohle;
• 2 - exclusions sebetsa feela ha ho seams le paatsepama ho tloha holimo ho ea tlaase;
• 3 - bakeng sa manonyeletso tse tlaase, tse tshekaletseng featswan paatsepama sefofane paatsepama ho tswa ho tlase ho fihlela;
• 4 - bakeng sa seams e ka tlaase.

mofuta seam a lekanyelitsoeng tlhaloganya sebaka boemo ba ho nkoa ha beha melao ea boitšoaro jwale.

Tšusumetso ea entsprechen motlakase selikalikoe ka tlhopho ya lisebelisoa tjheseletsa

Tjheseletsa a ka ho phethahatsoa tlasa tobileng kapa ka ho toba jwale, ka ho toba ( "ho tloswa" eleketrode, "garena" ka sehlahiswa) kapa se mo khutlisetsang bocheng polarity. Le ho khetha itšetlehile ka lintho tse bonahalang welded le thepa ea eona. foromo jwale e laolwang ke mohloli matla.

The thepa ka sehloohong ho fehla motlakase le (kapa) fetola jwale ka sebediswa: baru le oscillators (ka tlaase phepelo gagamalo ho makgabane e hlokahalang) converters le rectifiers (sokolohetseng fapanyetsana timang jwale ka e ka ho toba thulaganyou e jwale tjheseletsa).

The entsprechen hlokehang bakeng sa ho selikalikoe thothetsang molelo, ke fapane haholo ho ba hore e ka amahanngoa nakong tokiso ea eona. The gagamalo hlokahalang bakeng sa sebopeho e potlakileng ea segopo e bitsoang bulehileng-oa potoloho gagamalo. Nahana ka voltages hlokahalang bakeng sa thothetsang molelo tsa segopo le ho boloka combustion e lona.

View jwale	Open oa potoloho gagamalo, V	Gagamalo ho boloka selikalikoe ka
polygonal	50-80	20-30
ka ho sa feleng	45-50	16-25

Types of li-electrode tjheseletsa tšoane ho itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tse 'a letanta le denoted ke linomoro ho tloha 0 ho 9:

• 0 - feela bakeng sa hona joale kamehla polarity bo fapaneng;
• 1-9 - bakeng sa maqhubu a leha e le efe;
• 1, 4, 7 - leha e le efe polarity;
• 2, 5, 8 - mola;
• 3, 6, 9 - etsolla;
• 1-3 - bulehileng oa potoloho gagamalo la 50 V;
• 4-6 - 70 V;
• 7-9 - 90 V.

Liqeto Tse ama litšobotsi tsa theknoloji le litšobotsi tse boleng ba manonyeletso. Kahoo, lekgutshwane botebo provarivaniya fana sebetsa le entsprechen polygonal marangrang. Sebediswa bakeng sa thepa a ikokobelitse le merero e bonolo. Ha ho tjheseletsa segopo le litšobotsi tse sa khaotseng le khutlisetsang polarity botebo ba cheseletsa letamo le thepa phetha molao oa ao cheseletse a fumana 50% phahameng ho feta esita le polarity tobileng. Sebediswa bakeng sa thepa intractable le dibopeho tse mahlonoko.

Tlhaloso ya amperage

Ha selikalikoe tjheseletsa ke mofuta buka ea litaelo e ka ba e fapaneng - ho tloha 30 ho ea ho 600 A. Selection ea boleng e lakatsehang ke itšetlehile ka bophara ba sebetsa eleketrode le seam mofuta mabapi le boemo ba tlhaloganya sebaka. E balwa ka tsela e latelang:

• Bakeng sa seams e ka tlaase: Ke = d '* K.
• Bakeng sa ka holimo - Ke = bzlmeet * d '* 0,8.
• Horizontal - Ke = bzlmeet * d '* 0,85.
• Bakeng sa seams paatsepama - Ke = bzlmeet * d '* 0,9.

moo ke ileng ka - jwale matla, A;

le d - bophara, limilimithara;

K - ho coefficient A / limilimithara.

The coefficient itšetlehile ka bophara tsa thupa:

• Eleketrode 1-2 limilimithara - K = 25-30 A / limilimithara;
• 3-4 limilimithara - K = 30-45 A / limilimithara;
• 5-6 limilimithara - K = 45-60 A / limilimithara.

Ho hōlisa matla a ho sebetsa eketsa thulaganyou e tjheseletsa. The feteletsa taba melao e amohelehang ka etsang hore overheating ea metshetshe, ka tsela e feteletseng burnup dikarolo, mafutsana ao cheseletse boleng.

tšoaea

E le hore a hlokomele tsohle makolopetso tsa bohlokoa sesosa tšoaea mohlala tekanyetso ya ka GOST 9466-75 le 9467-75 (E42A-UONI-13 / 45-3,0 DMPA) / (E432 (5) -B10).

• Cha: SSSI-13/45.
• Type: E42A - eleketrode ile phone fana ka ao cheseletse matla ea 420 MPa eketsehileng ductility (A).
• 3,0 - 3 limilimithara le bophara ba.
• U - bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa k'habone tšepe le tlase motsoako dibopeho.
• D - le teteaneng barbotage.
• E432 (5) - dikhoutu, tse patilwe le litšobotsi komponeng ao cheseletse tšepe.
• 43 - tensile matla la ho se ka tlase ho 430 MPa;
• 2 - elongation ke seng ka tlase ho 24%;
• 5 - ho tjheseletsa ke khoneha ho mocheso ho fihlela -40˚S; ha ho fana ka bonyane lumelleha boleng ba ho toughness tsa tšepe 34 J / cm, ^2.
• B - botlaaseng baki.
• 1 - ka tlhaloganya sebaka boemo ba seam ho: leha e le efe.
• 0 - ho tjheseletsa selikalikoe feela ka litšobotsi tse sa khaotseng le polarity tobileng.

Tshebediso ya mefuta e fapaneng le Brands ea lisebelisoa tjheseletsa

Tsohle tšohloa ka holimo e amana ho feta ho bo bitsa tsa li-electrode ho tšepe ile phone. mehlala ea bohlokoa ea melamu sebediswa bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ya tšepe ferrous le nonferrous. Ka tlaase mona ho mefuta bona atileng ka ho fetisisa.

Types of li-electrode li aba ho ea ka esale pele ao cheseletse tšepe le tloaelehileng phetha molao litšobotsi tsa ao cheseletse ena.

K'habone tlase motsoako tšepe melamu welded mefuta:

• E42: cha ano-6, ELN-17, WCC-4M.
• E42: SSSI-13/45, SSSI-13 / 45A.
• E46: ano-4, ELN-34, Tau-6.
• E46A: SSSI-13 / 55K, ano-8.
• E50: WCC-4a, 550-U.
• E50A: ano-27 ano-TM, E SE-4C.
• E55: SSSI-13 / 55U.
• E60: ano-TM60, SSSI-13/65.

Alloyed phahameng-matla a tšepe:

• E70: 1-ANP, ANP-2.
• E85: SSSI-13/85, SSSI-13 / 85U.
• E100: AN-HN7, OZSH-1.

Phahameng motsoako steels: E125: RI-3M, E150: NIAT-3.

Surfacing tšepe: OZN-400M / 15G4S, EN-60M / E-70H3SMT, OZN-6 / 90H4G2S3R, UONI-13 / H1-BC / E-09H31N8AM2, CN-6M / E-08H17N8S6G, OZSH-8 / 11H31N11GSM3YUF.

Tšepe: OZCH-2 / cu, OZCH-3 / Ni, OZCH-4 / Ni.

Aluminium le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa lona: OAD-1 / Al, Ozan-1 / Al.

Koporo le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa lona: Anz / Aur-2 / cu, EHS-2M / CuSn.

Nikele le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa lona RLA-32.

From lethathamo le ka holimo e ka etsa qeto ea hore tsamaiso ea ho tšoaea e rarahaneng haholo, ka tsela eo e thehiloeng le kakanyo feela e ka melao-motheo e tšoanang encrypting litšobotsi tsa thupa, barbotage lona, bophara, teng ha likarolo alloying.

Le boleng ba le ao cheseletse kopanetsoeng itšetlehileng flowsheet sebetsang hantle. Ka seo ba mefuta eleketrode khethileng, lintlha tse latelang:

• Weldable lintho tse bonahalang le thepa ea eona, ho ba teng ha likarolo alloying le tekanyo ea ho alloying.
• botenya ba sehlahiswa.
• The mofuta le boemo ba seam ka.
• Boletsweng komponeng kapa phetha molao thepa tsa tšepe ao cheseletse.

Novice welder bohlokoa ho tsamaea le melao-motheo ea boikhethelo le ho tšoaea lisebelisoa bakeng sa tšepe ho tjheseletsa, hammoho le ho sebetsa kabo ea Brands melamu ka morero, ho tseba mefuta e tsa motheo tsa li-electrode le ka tsela e atlehileng sebelise nakong ho tjheseletsa.