Ho hlahisa ammonia

Khoebo ea nitrogen kajeno ke e 'ngoe ea liindasteri tse etellang pele. Tšebeliso ea ammonia e fetiselitsoe lihlahisoa tsa friji (R717, refrigerant), meriana (ammonia solution kapa ammonia joala), temo (menontsha).

Tlhokomelo e ka sehloohong e lefelloa tlhahiso ea manyolo a naetrojene ('me ka hona - ho ea litšehetsong tsa bona, ho kenyeletsa le lichelete tsa ammonia, tseo ho tsona li seng li hōlile ka 20% lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng).

Empa tlhahiso ea ammonia e fapana, pele ho tsohle, ka matla a matla a matla. Histori eohle ea tlhahiso ena ke ntoa ea ho fokotsa matla a sebelisitsoeng (mechine, e chesang, ea motlakase).

Ho sebelisoa ha ammonia ho bontša mokhoa o latelang:

N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 + Q

Tsela eo a arabelang ka eona ke e tsotehang, e tsitsitseng, 'me e fokotseha ka lentsoe. Ho tloha ha karabelo e e-ba e tsotehang, ho fokotseha ha mocheso ho tla fetola tekano ho thehoa ha ammonia, leha ho le joalo, tekanyo ea ho arabela e tla fokotseha haholo. Tlhahiso ea ammonia e lokela ho ea libakeng tse batang haholo (tlhahiso-pele e etsahala ka likhato tse 500 tsa Celsius). Ho eketseha ha t ho tla lebisa karabong e fapaneng. Khatello e tsoang ho 15 ho isa ho 100 MPa e lumella ho loantša tšusumetso ea mocheso (khatello e tlaase - ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 15 MPa, khatello e tloaelehileng - ho tloha ho 25 ho isa ho 30 MPa, khatello e phahameng - ka holimo ho 50 MPa). Har'a bona, ka karolelano ho molemo.

Sesosa ke seponche sa tšepe tse nang le lik'halsiamo, silicon, potasiamo, li-oxide tse aluminium.

Mathata a kotsi (carbon monoxide, metsi, hydrogen sulphide) a senya tekanyo ea ho itšoara, a chefo ea motsoako, kahoo a fokotsa mosebetsi oa oona le ho fokotsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso. Sena se bolela hore motsoako oa hydrogen sulphide o tlameha ho hloekisa ka ho feletseng. Empa esita le ka mor'a ho hloekisa, karolo e 'ngoe feela ea motsoako ona e fetoha ammonia. Ka lebaka leo, karoloana e setseng e sa etsoang hape e romeloa ho reactor.

Ammonia e hlahisoa joang?

Moipi o fanoa ka motsoako o se o ntse o lokiselitsoe likarolo tse tharo tsa hydrogen le e naetrojene e le 'ngoe. E feta ka turbocharger, moo e qobellang khatello e boletsoeng ka holimo, 'me e romeloa ho koranta ea pele e nang le khumamelo ho lihalalelong tse hahiloeng. Mokhoa ona, joalo ka ha re o fumane, o tletse haholo. Motsoako oa nitric-hydrogen o futhumetse ka mocheso o ntseng o tsoela pele. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 25 lekholong ea ammonia le ea hau e nang le nitrojene e sa amoheleng e nang le haedrojene e hlahang ho eona. Sebopeho sohle se fepeloa ka sehatsetsing, moo motsoako o pholileng. Amonia e tlas'a khatello ea fetoha metsi. Hona joale karohano e qala ho sebetsa, e leng mosebetsi oa ho arola ammonia ho bokella ka tlase le motsoako o sa amoheleng, o khutlisetsoang ke pompo ea potoloho e khutlelang ho eona. Ka lebaka la ho phatlalatsoa hona, motsoako oa nitric-hydrogen o sebelisoa ho fihlela ho karolo ea 95 lekholong. Li-ammonia tse nang le li-ammonia li ea matlong a khethehileng a polokelo.

Lisebelisoa tsohle tse sebelisetsoang tlhahiso li thata ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, e leng ho felisang ho tsoa. Ke matla feela a likarabo tse ts'oarellang ka hare ho sebelisoa. Lenaneo le koetsoe, litšila tse tlaase. Litšenyehelo li fokotsehile ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele le o ikemetseng.

Ho hlahisa ammonia ho ke ke ha ama tikoloho feela. Lihlahisoa tsa khase li ke ke tsa qojoa, ho akarelletsa le li-oxidine tsa ammonia, carbon le nitrogen le litšila tse ling. Mocheso o tlase o tla lokolloa. Metsi a lahliloe ka mor'a ho hlatsoa mekhoa ea ho phomola le sekontiri ka boeona.

Ka hona, ha ho etsoa tlhahiso ea ammonia, ho hlokahala hore ho kenyellehe ho hloekisa ho hloekisa ka ho ba le khase e fokolang. Ho fokotsa palo ea likhoerekhoere ho ka finyelloa ka ho tlosa lik'hamphani tsa piston ka li-turbochargers. Mocheso o tlaase o ka sebelisoa ka ho hlahisa mocheso o phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, sena se tla eketsa tšilafalo ka likhase tsa flue.

Lenaneo la theknoloji ea matla-mafolofolo mabapi le potoloho ea potoloho e kopanetsoeng moo lihlahisoa tsa mocheso le lihlahisoa tse tukang li sebelisoang ka nako e le 'ngoe li tla eketsa katleho ea tlhahiso le ho fokotsa mocheso.