Lisele tse methapo ea kutlo le ho sebopeho bona

Methapo ea kutlo liseleng tse hore theha dinama tse nyenyane tse methapo ea kutlo, ke tsa mefuta e 'meli: neurocytes (methapo ea kutlo),' me lisele tse glial (lisele tse glial). Methapo ea kutlo lemohuoa ho teneha, generating le monyetla oa ho nka khato e entsweng le fetisetsa litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo ho theha ho kopana le e mong le e meng 'me glia lisele tse ho fana ka maemo a bakeng sa homolog sebetsa methapo ea kutlo, i.e. itšehla bona, ho sireletsa le ho nka karolo ka phapanyetsano ya mediators le kabo Ntlha e neurocytes hōla.

Ho latela kajeno, hlooho boko ba motho e na le limilione tse likete tse 25. Methapo ea kutlo, karolo ea bobeli borarong ea bona ba sebakeng cortex, 'me palo ea lisele tse glial ke ka makhetlo a 10 e phahameng.

neuron

lisele tse methapo ea kutlo e na le methapo ea kutlo, e leng ka sehloohong mehaho le tshebetso elements ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo. Neuron - e Process seleng e boholo ba 4-130 microns, e bopilweng ka 'mele le appendages, e leng la mefuta e' meli: le axon le dendrites. Scion ea methapo ea kutlo seleng e - axon - ho seng joalo e bitswang neurites. dithulaganyo bolelele ke 1.5 m. Axon ka seleng, 'ngoe feela, e telele, hanyenyane branching; hodima mona le 'mele ke le seleng ke pulse length. Dendrites Hangata tse ngata, haholo se makala a, e khutšoanyane. Ho ea ka mo pulse length e sebelisoa ho 'mele oa neuron ena. Methapo ea kutlo tlholeho matla karohanyo, ba tsamaisa litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo feela ka tsela ea e mong - ho tloha dendrite ho axon. Ke hore, ho neuron ka sebopeho lona tšoana le funnel. 'Mele oa tsona seleng e ke haholo-holo mosebetsi oa trophism mabapi le tshebetso. 'Mele oa sebopeho ka' na ba e fapaneng - ho tloha pyramidal ho lekaneng.

Mefuta ea methapo ea kutlo

lisele tse methapo ea kutlo ea palo ea dithulaganyo ba arotsoe ka mefuta e 'maloa tsa motheo.

• monopolar - le tshebetso le 'ngoe, feela axon. lisele tse tsena li le teng feela embryos e le mohato o lipakeng ka ntshetsopele ya neurocytes;
• Ferekanyang - nang axon le dendrite. lisele tse tsena methapo ea kutlo motho o na le ho retina le ka litsebe ka hare;
• multipolar - rua dithulaganyo 2 kapa ho feta, ho axon le dendrites. Ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa neuron 'meleng, ba bobeli likarolong tse bohareng ba tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo le pheriferale;
• psevdounipolyarnye lisele tse - ka nģ'ane ho e le 'ngoe thulaganyou e tloaelehileng, ho akarelletsa le axon le dendrite,' me hamorao e arotsoe ka lisele tse peli tse fapaneng tsa 'mele. methapo ea kutlo tsena ferekanyang ba sebakeng sa nodes ya cranial le lesapo la mokokotlo.

Sebōpeho sa sele methapo ea kutlo

Neurilemma seleng e sekoahelo, eo ho phaella ho mokoallo, 'me phapanyetsano ya receptor mosebetsi, o etsa mosebetsi itseng tsa methapo ea kutlo tšusumetso e tsoang ho.

lisele tse methapo ea kutlo na cytoplasm, e kenyeletsang organelles kakaretso (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, setsi seleng, sethusathuto Golgi, lysosomes) le organelle merero ea khethehileng, ho thoeng neurofibrils. seleng ea methapo ea kutlo khubung e khanyang, e ho pota, e na le nucleoli le 'ngoe kapa tse peli.

Mefuta Cell ho latela morero oa tsona

Ho ya ka eang teng lisele tse tshebetso methapo ea kutlo tse classified ka kutlo, le metsamao ya mmele e kenellang lipakeng.

Kutlo liseleng tsa kutlo - lisele tse tsena, 'mele eo e teng ka ganglia ea tsamaiso ea pheriferale. Dendrites lisele tse tsena nahanela qetellong qetello, le axon ha a ntse a tataisa ka boko bakoang kapa lesapo la mokokotlo khoele.

lisele tse kenellang lipakeng methapo ea kutlo le boikarabelo ba ho fetisetsa neuron nyakallo.

Motor kapa secretory lisele tse ba bitsoa ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho (mesifa faeba kapa tšepe) moo axon bona e qetella.

Ho na le boetse ho na le ho tšehetsa lisele tse methapo ea kutlo, seo ho thoeng ke lisele tse glial hore sireletsa mochesong le serameng methapo ea kutlo le e mong le tse ling.

Ependimotsity tšoanang le epithelial dinama tse nyenyane tse lera ea cavity le bokong le lesapong la mokokotlo. mosebetsi bona - ho tšehetsa le karoganyo.

Astrocytes ke mnogootrostchatymi nyane lisele tse naleli e bōpehileng joaloka. Ka ho haha dithulaganyo tsa astrocytes ke protoplasmic le fibrous.

likhoele methapo ea kutlo tse thehoa ho tswa ho le thulaganyo ea lisele methapo ea kutlo le lemmotsitov. Ka ntle ho faeba methapo e tlotsitsoeng ka selateng sa tšesaane ba fibrous hlephileng connective dinama tse nyenyane tse, e leng o bitsoa lamina basal.