Lelapa la tlhapi kalaneng: lebitso, tlhaloso. Ruffe. Volga pikeperch. noka kalaneng

Perciformes - kholo ka ho fetisisa thunyang ea litlhapi, le mefuta e fetang 10,000 ajoa ho latela matamo tse sa tšoaneng tsa lefatše. The atileng ka ho fetisisa li akarelletsa e le lelapa la tlhapi kalaneng. Mefuta e meng na mapheoana ventral tse ratang tlase sefubeng kapa ka pel'a 'ona. Perciformes mapheoana, hangata le spines. palo ea mahlaseli a ha se tse fetang tse tšeletseng. Grounds bakeng sa mapheoana pectoral ba lokisetsa obliquely kapa perpendicularly ho tselaneng ea 'mele. Ka Perciformes sieo adipose pop lady. Ho sesa, senya amaneng ho mantle a kapa batho bao e seng ntseng di le teng. Detachment e kenyeletsa malapa a 160 le 20 suborders.

Mofuta ofe ea litlhapi ke ea lelapa ea kalaneng

Ka ba o khathollang le letsoai metsi a Northern Lefatše le hlaha kalaneng lelapa:

• linaheng tsa Europe, le mokhelo tsa North la Scotland, Spain le Italy;
• Norway, Greece;
• ka Asia North, ha ho akarelletsa Kamchatka le Chukotka;
• Amerika Leboea.

The dorsal pop lady e arotsoe karolo le bonolo 'me monogynopaedium, ka ba bang ba batho ka bomong, ba kopane, ha ba bang ba sebakeng ka thoko. Melena-joaloka meno ka mehlahare e behoa ka mela 'maloa,' me ba bang ba bile ba na le fangs. Gill lera la lokolle mochophoro. Tekanyo e le bopilwe ka a masesaane, tse chitja, lipoleiti translucent ka bohale serrated ka ntle. Lelapa la tlhapi kalaneng na genera leshome le tse fetang lekholo mefuta e, 7 of eo lule ho metsi a Russia. More ajoang kalaneng, lateloa perches, o tlhobosa le lifeme tshireletso poraefete.

Ka Azov-Black Sea beisine hore a tšoase kalaneng, bullhead le tloaelehileng le sebelisoang malapeng percarina le chop. Eteostomu, pertsinu ammokriptu le ka fumanoa North America.

Rhode Perches

Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea perches: nōka (tloaelehile), mosehla le Balkhash.

Kalaneng River - e mong oa mefuta e ratoang ka ho fetisisa ea litlhapi. O ile a lulang ka 'mele ea ho fetisisa metsi, hammoho le ka matša lithaba, tse teng ka e bophahamong ba limithara tse likete tse' maloa.

Kalaneng na le lebaleheng habonolo le thabisang mmala - phelelang tala morao 'me ba ema le metopa ba batsho bosehla tala Hue. The mapheoana pectoral ba mosehla, le ka mpeng - bo bofubelu. Orange Hue pota mahlo. E Tloaelehileng kalaneng mala itšetlehile ka tikoloho, ho etsa mohlala ka matša moru, eo fumana lefifi.

Ka ho kopanela liphate ba batšehali ba hōlileng tsebong ba ka mor'a lilemo tse tharo, ha a ntse a ba batona ba nang le lilemo tse 'ngoe kapa tse peli. Tšehali larileng ka mahe seretseng, driftwood. Mahe a 200-300 sekete, palo itšetlehile ka boholo ba woodcocks motšehali.

Feela hlahetse perches phela ka libaka mabopong, leka ho khomarela hammoho, 'me fepa ka zooplankton. Young kalaneng liphoofolo tse li jang le fetoha, ha 'mele oa hae e ntse e hōla ho ba bolelele ba 10 cm,' me joale o qala ho ja tlhapi e nyenyane.

Pike, walleye kalaneng ho nkoa ho le bonolo 'me o hlamatseha phofu.

kalaneng e Tloaelehileng ke karolo e khōlō ea ho tšoasa palo yohle tse ling metsi. Ho thabela ja. Kalaneng e meharo haholo, kahoo batšoasi ba litlhapi ba tšoasa mo selemo Gear fapaneng.

Perca flavescens, Perca schrenkii

kalaneng bosehla ka litsela tsohle tšoana haholo le nōka. O ile a lulang ka bochabela ea Amerika Leboea 'me e nkoa e le ntho e khōlō ea dipapadi ho tšoasa litlhapi.

Balkhashskiy kalaneng, ho fapana le noka e na le 'mele o molelele o. Ha aa ka a hlokomela matheba lefifi ka dorsal pop lady. Balkhash kalaneng - phofu Fry hore le monyaka jang tlhapi e nyenyane, empa u se ke ua ba leqe le Fry mong. E e ntse e hōla kalaneng hase habonolo e ntse e hōla ho e-ba bolelele ea cm, 50 le boima ba 'mele oa ka dikilogeramo ho fihlela ho tse tšeletseng.

tšoasa litlhapi kalaneng e nkoa e le tlhapi. vyalyat hae, a tsuba, hoamisoa.

Rhode perches

Rhode Pike na le 'mele oa nako e telele, line lateral hapa mohatla pop lady. mapheoana Pelvic jala lohle, le mehlahare, hangata canines joale.

Ho na le mefuta e latelang:

• ba tloaelehileng;
• Bersh;
• Marine;
• svetlopery;
• Canada.

Ka kalaneng, ho na le ba ka bang 20 mahlaseli se makala, tse teng ka dorsal pop lady. meno a matla a ka mehlahare e. E hlaha tlhapi o moholo haholo bekha lik'hilograma tse 11 'me e bolelele ba cm, 115. Ha e le hantle perches' mele bolelele ba 60 cm, le ka boima ba 'mele oa boima ba lik'hilograma tse 3. Pike - kholo ka ho fetisisa mefuta e tlhapi ea percid lelapa - tsebahala haholo a bile ratoa ka metsing Baltic, Azov le la Caspian Sea. Grayish phomolo, laterally lokisetsa metopa ntsho.

Sudak bolulo le seka - mefuta e 'meli tsa likokoana-hloko. Pele khetha matša hlakileng le linōka. Ke ikutloa phutholohile ka mocheso metsing ea likhato 16-17. E ntse e feta khetha metsi brackish. Hoo e ka bang 90% ea tšoasa e tlisoang ke ho seka-kalaneng. mahe le tse nyenyane le libuka. Lira tsa: kalaneng, swamp eel, Pike. Noka walleye ho nkoa e bohlokoa tlhapi khoebo.

sander volgensis

Volga pikeperch (Bersh), ho fapana le tloaelehileng ha canines preoperculum ho feletseng koahetsoeng ka sekala. Weight kalaneng - 1.3 lik'hilograma le e-ba bolelele ea cm, 45 e ratoang linōka Azov le Black Sea, hangata ka tsela e bohareng ..

Volzhsky - tlhapi e, empa ka linako tse ling e tla ka Leoatle la Caspian. The Volga zander lula Sheksna, Kama, 'me e ka fumanoa metsi ka boroa. The suthisetsa hōle le e ka boroa ea sehlekehleke sena kalaneng, kahoo ka hamorao letsatsi e chechisetsoang morao spawn. Ha a hlaha walleye qala ho fepa ka zooplankton le mokhutšoanyane ka seemo, 'me hang e ntse e hōla ho fihlela ho 40 limilimithara, o qala ho ja benthos. Ka selemo sa bobeli ho ea ho carnivorous lijo - kalaneng litlhapi. Perches, e leng nako e telele ho feta ba 15 cm, le e sebelise ho khetheha litlhapi. Ha ba na fangs, kahoo tlhapi e khōlō ba ke ke ba fumana. Pike tlhapi engole tloha cm, 0.5 ho 7. The selemo e qala batten yearlings lehlabuleng fepa ho tlala decreases ka hoetla fepa litlhapi hōlile.

sander marinus

Marine kalaneng, ho fapana ho ea Volga, o na le mahlo nyenyane. walleye bolelele ke 600 limilimithara. Haholo-holo e ratoang ena tlhapi hanyane ka bohareng le e ka boroa la Caspian Sea, ka bophirimela ho Leoatle le Letšo.

Sudak, phelang Leoatleng la Caspian, hang tluoa tabeng ea ka nōkeng. Nakong ea selemo ho nako ea ho spawn. mahe le tse kholoanyane ho feta ea ea noka kalaneng. The fecundity ba batšehali itšetlehile ka boholo le ka ranges ho tloha mahe a 13 ho ea ho 126 tse likete tse. Ka lilemo tse peli kalaneng loketse ho bakang. Ja leoatle kalaneng khetha mocha herring, tseo gobies, anchovies, makhala. Tšoasa litlhapi e phetha karolo e nyenyane.

Rhode Ruffs

Ka mapheoana genus ruff ka morao, e bopilweng ka e le bonolo 'me karolo e itseng e hlabang, ya kokangana, cavities hlooho ke metjha e kotsing ka mehlahare - setiform meno. Ho na le mefuta e latelang: ba tloaelehileng, biryuchok le schraetzer.

Gymnocephalus cernuus

Tlwaelehileng ruff ratoang linōka tse khōlō, matša a ka hare ho naha 'me le matangoana phalla. Hlokomela linōka ka metsi ho itima lijo o phallang. litlhapi 'mele e koahetsoeng ka sekala le slime, laterally a petetswa. Ka morao ke bohlooho-tala le lefifi, hoo e ka bang batho ba batsho matheba, mpa Belenky le lehlakoreng mosehla. Ka dorsal le caudal matheba pop lady ntsho. mahlo e le khōlō, lerootho pherese iris e. Mala itšetlehile ka habitats le ruff. Ka matamo le seretse tlase mala moriti le leso kudu ho feta metsi ka tlase lehlabathe.

Fry ka bolelele tloha cm, 10 ho ea ho 15, bekha 20-25 g, ke batho ka bomong le ho fihlela ho 30 cm, nako e telele, bekha ho fihlela ho 200 g,, ka kakaretso ka matamo a Siberia le Ural Mountains. Nakong ea selemo, e le nako ea spawning. Ka nako ena tse tšehali e ka larileng ka mahe a makhetlo a 'maloa. bokhoni ba ho hōle hōlileng tsebong ka lilemo tse peli. Ka potlako le nonofo ya mmele, tsoalo babatsehang kgothaletsa keketseho e potlakileng baahi.

Ka mor'a ho tsoaloa ha ruff tlwaelehileng regales zooplankton, empa ka mor'a nako e itseng le matla a e lithuto tsa ka tse phelang tse lulang ka tlase ea letangoaneng ho. Ka ruffs hlokomela tlhōrō ea mosebetsi bosiu, 'me o qala ho fepa e tlhokomelwa fela thata. E tsitsitseng e lebetsoeng le bophelo lilemo ruff, e leng lilemo tse 10.

Biryuchok, ho fapana le ruff, o na le 'mele oa nako e telele' me sekala e metle. E ka fumanoa feela ka metsi le hona joale ka potlako. 'mele oa mmala - mosehla, morao -' mala o bosehla bo botala-, tšoeu mpeng, hanyenyane silevera, ka mahlakoreng u bona palo ea matheba a lefifi. Spawning e nakong ea selemo. Ka lijo ho chesa invertebrates haholo benthic le litlhapi tse nyenyane. hlomphehang haholo ea biryuchka fellang kateng tsebe.

Schraetzer lula metsi a hloekileng le e tlase lehlabathe le oxygenated. E jang crustaceans, Fry tlhapi, mahe, liboko. o molelele o 'mele sebopeho, kholo hlooho, dorsal pop lady na le dinako tse nyenyane. Fish e thellang ho thetsana le. Ka 'mele oa mahlakoreng ke black metopa longitudinal. mele ke palo tshehla, whitish-silevera, mpa, mahlakoreng khauta bosehla 'mala. Spawn ka mathoasong a selemo.

Rhode ChOPy

ChOPy hape ho matleng a lelapa le tlhapi percid, empa, ho fapana le ruff ke fusiform-cylindrical sebopeho ea 'mele, ba babeli ba aroloa ka dorsal pop lady, e boreleli ka tlaase bohale preoperculum.

Latelang mefuta ya lik'hamphani poraefete tshireletso: tloaelehileng, tse nyenyane, French.

Ratha le tloaelehileng na le cylindrical, hanyenyane pantshisi-tse hanyane 'mele yellowish-grey mmala. Mahlakoreng a hlobolisa arohaneng tsa sootho mmala. Tummeng ho ea Danube le melatswana lona. litlhapi boholo ka fihla 48 cm,. Ha e le hantle ho na le exemplar 25 cm, nako e telele. ratha khetha ho ba ka tlase haholo, ho fepa Fry nyenyane le invertebrates benthic. Spawning ke ka March-April. mahe le tse boholo ba tse nyenyane le tse theipi.

Zingel streber

Streber ratoang ea Danube le ka Vardar River, eo phallang ka Leoatle la Aegean. Ratha khetha shoalane. Tsamaisoa, hangata bosiu larvae, liboko, mefuta itseng ea likhofu le crustaceans. Bolelele 'mele ke cm, 20,' me boima ba 'mele - tse 200 g, ka spawning ke ka April le May. Tsoalo 10 ka fihla likete mahe. Caviar e nyenyane, o latelwang substrate ka.

Zingel betsileo

French chop ke haholo-holo kabe. Ho lula ka tlase ea matangoana. Ho fepa haholo-holo ka liphoofolo tse sa tšoaneng benthic. Bolelele ranges ho tloha cm, 15 ho ea ho 20.

'mele Fish ke grayish bosehla' mala. Tšoeu mpeng le ka mahlakoreng a metopa tharo sootho. Spawning ke ho tloha March ho fihlela ka April. The ba phela ba chop French le kakanyo feela 3.5 lilemo. Ratha - tlhapi e nyenyane ea kalaneng ho tloaelehile beisine la nōka ea Rhone.

carangidae lelapa

Carangidae na tse peli tse mapheoana dorsal: pele - monogynopaedium, tse nyenyane, ka mahlaseli nyane spiny, 'me ea bobeli - nako e telele. Ka mefuta e meng ea lithebe masatsoana a ka sideline ena. Ena mefuta tlhapi tšesaane caudal peduncle. Carangidae phela ka metsing a futhumetseng. Ho fetisisa tsa tlhapi e le ea bohlokoa haholo ho indasteri e ho tšoasa litlhapi. Lelapa e kenyelletsa ka 20 genera le mefuta e makholo a mabeli ea litlhapi metsing.

The mofuta ratoang ka ho fetisisa e nkoa e le ea genus scad. Marine tlhapi lelapa percid e na le 'mele o molelele o, e hanyenyane a petetswa mahlakoreng. Hlooho e koahetsoeng ka sekala, 'me ka mahlo a tsa' mele joale ka ho sa feleng. Scad na meno tse nyenyane le tse jang zooplankton, tlhapi e nyenyane.

Kalaneng jala hoo e ka bang hohle ka bophara. Ba na le boleng phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho sebelisa foreshe, hoammeng kapa makotikoting foromo.