Ke eng kgethollo morabe?

Khethollo ea morabe - sete ya litumelo, e leng e thehiloe khopolo ea ho se lekane ba merabe, tsa bophahamo ba e mong ka lebaka la lihlopha tse ling tsa merabe. Poleloana e reng "khethollo ea merabe" pele a hlaha ka 1932.

kgethollo ke eng?

Kgethollo - the thibelo kapa ho hloka lintho tsa litokelo (menyetla) tsa lihlopha tse itseng tsa sechaba kapa tsa merabe e thehiloeng ho kopanela liphate, litšobotsi tse morabe, litumelo tsa lipolotiki kapa tsa bolumeli. Kgethollo ka iponahatsa ka likarolong tsohle tsa sechaba. Ka mohlala, ka makala, ea sechaba ho nka sebōpeho sa fokotsa phihlelo thuto kapa melemo.

Kajeno, kgethollo (morabe, ho kopanela liphate, bolumeli) o nyatsa matjhaba. Ho itima tsa litokelo le litokoloho ka mabaka leha e le efe e khahlanong le tsamaiso ea kajeno ea melao ea boitšoaro.

Ho hlaha ha khethollo ea morabe

Ho hlaha ha khethollo ea morabe o bua ka nako ea pele ho ikopanya le European le tsoelo-pele tse ling tse, 't. E. Ho Age ea sibolloa. Nakong ena, ho lokafatsa sethoathoa paballo ya naha, hangata a tsamaea le ho timetsoa ha batho ba matsoalloa a moo, ntshetswa pele khopolo ea pele ea o tlaase ea lihlopha tse itseng tsa merabe. Tšoeu khethollo ea morabe o ile a hlaha ka likolone European tsa Amerika, Afrika le Asia.

Ka 1855 o ile a hatisa buka e ke French Rahistori Zhozefa De Gobineau le sehlooho se reng "Ho moqoqo ka ho se lekane ba merabe ea batho." mongoli le beha pele ea sengoloa ka tshusumetso ya sebopeho morabe oa lihlopha tse itseng ka ntshetsopele ya mekhatlo tsena le katleho ea bona civilizational. Zhozef De Gobineau nkoa e le mothehi nordism (mofuta oa kgethollo e thehiloeng morabe, thuto ea ho bophahamo ba le Nordic peiso ho fetela ho ba bang). Ka mosebetsi oa hae rahistori e tsejoa e meraro e meholo merabe: tšoeu, mosehla le ba batsho. Pele ba phahameng le ba bang ka ho tshebetso 'meleng le kelellong. Sebaka bohareng har'a "batho ba tšoeu" nka Aryans. Ka ho ba sethaleng bohareng ba sehlopha se busang ea morabe, ho ea ka Gobineau, ke "bosehla", le ka tlase ho e hapa ke "batho ba batsho".

Leka tokafatso saense tsa khethollo ea morabe

Mora khopolo Zhozefa De Gobineau oa khethollo ea morabe o ile a qapa ke bo-rasaense ba bangata. Mona ke bilembo ka sehloohong ea tsoelo-pele ea likhopolo tsa kgethollo merabe:

• Georges De Lyapuzh Hao - French khethollo ea morabe itshola le kahisano. Ke beha pele ea sengoloa hore index cranial (cephalad-index) ke le palokatiso ya sehlooho e amang boemo ba motho sechabeng. Ntlheng ena European Lyapuzh arotsoe ka lihlopha 3: nako e telele-a leba khanya sootho (matla a fapaneng le bohlale) brachycephalic lefifi moriri (malogenialnaya peiso), nako e telele-a leba moriri lefifi.
• Gustave Le Bon - French setsebi litabeng tsa kahisano le ka mongoli oa "Psychology tsa batho le matšoele." A lumela hore se lekane le khethollo ka mabaka a tsa merabe - e sepheo Mokhoa oa boteng ba sechaba.
• Houston Stewart Chamberlain - Jeremane setsebi litabeng tsa kahisano. Ke beha pele khopolo ea bophahamo ba sechaba Sejeremane. O bapetse bakeng sa ho boloka le ho sireletsa le "ho hloka sekoli ba merabe e." Bukeng ea "botlhokwa ee itshetlegileng thata ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la" o ile a re Aryans ba bajari ba tsoelo-pele, ha Bajuda ba felisa.

Khethollo ea merabe ka United States: negros kapa batšo?

Khethollo ea morabe United States khale ho thehoeng ha mmuso. The American Maindia ba ne ba nkoa tlaasana (matsoalloa) le negros. litokelo tsa botho li ne li "makhooa." makhoba a pele ba batsho ba tlisoa ralikolone English ho naha ea naha mathoasong a lilemo XVII. Sehlopha sa lekhoba le mosebetsi o boima ho tloha Afrika ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka lefapha la sebaka se lenngoeng, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa United States.

Ka molao, ho felisoa ha kgethollo merabe United States ba ile ba qala ka 1808. selemong sena, puso Congress thibela importation ka naheng ea basebetsi e ncha ba batšo. Ka1863, bokhoba ile ka molao felisoa. ketsahalo ena e ngotsoe ka 1865 ka Sehlomathiso sa bo13 ho Motheo US.

Ho sa tsotellehe bo felisoe bokhoba, ka nako ena, ho atile merabe segregation - mofuta o mong oa kgethollo morabe, mokhoa oa ho fokotsa palo ea baahi ba batsho phelang masimong a arohaneng kapa hokela ba ho ya dihlongwa itseng (mohlala, likolo). Ka molao, ho a le teng ho tloha 1865.

tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa mabapi le ho felisoa ha khethollo ea morabe United States ho na le e bile feela ka bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-XX. O 'nile a amahanngoa le palo ea melao le lecha tseo equalize litokelo tsa Maamerika, Maindia le ba batšo.

Mesebetsi ya ku Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan - mekhatlo e nepahetseng, e leng ile ha hlaha ka US ka 1865. Kgethollo (morabe) batho ba batsho le ho timetsoa 'meleng ke morero oa oona e khōlō. Motheong thuto ea bolumeli likhopolo tsa ku Klux Klan e ne e le khopolo ea ho bophahamo ba peiso tšoeu fetang ba bang.

A tse seng kae lintlha tse thahasellisang historing ea mokhatlo oa batho e:

• Ku Klux Klan tharo nang le phihlelo ho tsosolosoa. Ka 1871, mokhatlo o ile oa qhaloa ka lekhetlo la pele. Mora tsoseletso ea mathoasong a lekholo la XX, ho ku Klux Klan tla khaotsa ho ba teng nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World. Ho tsosolosa e ncha ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng o bua ka bo-1970.
• liaparo dibaga aparoang ke litho tsa Sehlopha sa kkk 'ne e hlile e tšosang. Ba ne e ena le seaparo se lohle, telele pointy likatiba le masken.
• Kajeno, ku Klux Klan ha mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ngoe. litsi motho mesebetsi lona ba teng linaheng tse sa tšoaneng.

Khethollo ea morabe Europe: nordism le bohloeki merabe

Nordism - kgethollo (morabe), e leng e se e jele setsi ka ho Europe lilemong tsa bo-XX, haholo-holo Jeremane ea Bonazi. E thehiloe khopolo ea ho bophahamo ba le Nordic (Aryan) peiso fetang ba bang. Nordism bathehi le ideologues-holo li nkoa setsebi sa kahisano, French Zhozef De Gobineau le Georges de Khao Lyapuzh hao.

Khethollo ea morabe le xenophobia ka maano a Jeremane ea Bonazi li ne li thehiloe ho seo ho thoeng ke tsa merabe bohloeki. khopolo ena ile a kenyelletsa ka phetoho e khōlō litabeng tsa saense, Alfred Ploetz. Rassenschande ile lebisitsoe merabe ea Sesema - Bajuda. Ho feta moo, o ile a re lichaba li 'tlaasana le tse ling: ho French, Gypsies le Slavs. Jeremane ea Bonazi, Bajuda ba ne ba qalong ya kenyeletswa ho tloha bophelo ba moruo le tsa lipolotiki tsa mmuso. Leha ho le joalo, se ka 1938 e qala ha ho timetsoa 'meleng ea peiso ea Sesema. tšimoloho ea eona tšoaea ho "Crystal Night" - e pogrom atlehe ho pholletsa le Jeremane, Austria le karolo e 'ngoe le hlometseng SA diyuniti.

loantšeng khethollo ea morabe

Kajeno, ntoa khahlanong le kgethollo merabe e pakane ea linaha tsohle demokrasi. Moedi ea litokelo tsa botho le litokoloho le khahlanong le melao ea boitšoaro ea sechaba ea kajeno. Ka nako ho tloha 1951 ho 1995, mekhatlo ea machaba, batho ba bangata ba ditokomane, ho nyatsa le hanelang kgethollo ka mabaka efe kapa efe (peiso, bong kapa bolumeli). Boemo ka inadmissibility ya itima tokoloho e teng ea Linaha Tsa Europe ea Litokelo Tsa Botho. Linaheng tse ngata mehleng ea kajeno ka Letsatsi la Machaba Khahlanong le Khethollo Merabe (March 21) e neng e tšoaretsoe rallies boima le lipuo.