Flora le liphoofolo tsa Lake Baikal

Baikal - ke ho fetisisa tloaelehile haholo metsi 'mele lefatšeng. liphoofolo tsa eona tse ngata le limela tse u se ke ke sa etsahala kae kapa kae e mong lefatšeng. All mong ka itšetleha mefuta e fetang 2.600 libōpuoa. Re ithuta hore le emela limela le liphoofolo tsa eona letšeng.

meroho lefatše

Ka Baikal hola likorale khethehileng, e leng batho ba moo ba bitsa ka seponche metsing. Ka metsi, ba le bonolo 'me thatafatsa moeeng. Ka bohareng ba lehlabula ka metsing a sa tebang hlaha mucous le fibrous liphoofolo. Sebaka mabopong ithorisang ka tse ngata tse limela. Sena se phaene relict, lifate stilted ka metso e pepesa, moriana kedare tse nkhang hamonate phagocyte tsa dibopeho tse majabajaba, mefuta e fapaneng ya boriba, mosses, le tse ling.

Baikal le lithabeng tse boholo ba koahetsoeng ka moru o teteaneng phaene. O emeloang ke kedare, larch, phaene, phaene, kalse mohbat le lifate tsa birch. Ka mabalane hōla lihlahla currant, balsame phagocyte, Siberia rosemary hlaha le tlaase alder.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore limela ea moo e sa tšoaneng haholo. Empa a re hlahlobeng ka bokhutšoanyane le limela tsa Lake Baikal, eo e thahasellisa haholo.

Siberia kedare

Siberia kedare ho hōla ka Baikal - ke sefate le matla. Ka ho fihla bophara ea limithara tse ho fihlela ho 1,8 le bophahamo - limithara tse 40. Cedar lulang ho fihlela ho halofo ea lekholong la lilemo la ka, 'me ka mor'a lilemo tse mashome tse tsheletseng qala ho fana ka kotulo morui, tsa linate. Nakong ea batho ba moo hore ba mo reneketsa ba mo bohobe Siberia lehong. Le kutu e le 'ngoe e ka ba bokana dikilogeramo fetang leshome tsa linate. Empa selemo le selemo, ka lebaka dikhouno le butsoe dikgwedi 14-15 feela.

Pele etsoa ho tswa lebese linate, bolila tranelate, botoro le halvah (ho fapana sonobolomo). Empa hona joale mesebetsi ea matsoho ana undeservedly lebaloa. Kajeno, ho be le thahasello e feela linate le litholoana tsa kedare lehong. E lerootho, empa tsitsitseng monko e ka thibela Mol ka lilemo tse mashome.

rhododendrons

Limela tse ikhethang Baikal ke rosemary, kapa joalokaha ho bitsoa ka eona, Dahurian rhododendron. O nkoa e le selelekela sa selemo Baikal, hobane lithunthung oa pele-pele, ha seterekeng ho na moorage. Ka nako ena, Ledum mebala ntle sebakeng se lebōpong la leoatle ka shades ea le mahlaku a pinki lipalesa tsa lona. Hangata ka ho fetisisa, semela sena e bopa moferong ho pholletsa le Bochabela Siberia.

Latelang Ledum qala ho thunya sagaan fileng lona, rhododendron Adams. Ka batho ba e tsejoang e le "lepheo tšoeu" kapa setlama sa phela nako e telele. semela sena e sebediswa bakeng sa toning le Stimulating liphio, pelo le boko. Adams hape tummeng rhododendron protivopohmelnym sebediswa. Senoelo sa tee e phaella ka ho re ha ho na makhasi tse fetang tse hlano lipalesa. seno e fumana le e matla empa monate monko.

U ka bona rhododendron sexton, moemeli ea Baikal limela tšoantšetsoang ka holimo. Ho bonolo ho nahana hore na botle e qala ha bona sexton moferong oohle oa semela sena.

Thyme

semela sena o boetse o bitsoa ka Bogorodsk joang. E e ntse e hōla ka makhulong le steppe, maralla majoe le bulehileng libakeng tse lehlabathe. A aba ka Trans-Baikal le sebakeng Baikal. All lehlabuleng khahlisang leihlo le e ntle lipalesa pinki, tse ka ho hlaka bonahalang ka maralla a lehlabathe.

Thyme na le hoo e ka bang liphesente tse oli ea bohlokoa. Ka hona, le haholo a batla a ea setoto lekala ka matsoho a hae ho utloa bath le bo tsoelang pele ho fofonela.

Decoctions le infusions ea litlama Bogorodskaya pharaletseng sebelisetsoa merero folisa, ho matlafatsa boitshireletso ba mmele, ho felisa lefu la ho hlobaela, maloetse a methapo le esita le ho lelefatsa bophelo. Bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho ea moriana o ka hangata nka tablespoons le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa setlama omisitsoeng le dimililitha lekholo la metsi a phehile. Shaman le boetse le sebelisoa ka katleho Baikal limela, bakeng sa tšebeletso ea tlhoekiso lahleloa mollong feela pinch ea Thyme.

ramson

Ramson e ntse e hōla hoo e ka bang likarolong tsohle tsa Lake Baikal. Libakeng tse ling ho e bopa e undergrowth bohlokoa haholo.

Ba qala ho bokella le ho rekisa limela ena ka May le June. Ka nako ena, makhasi le mahlaka a ntse senyeha habonolo 'me e le lero le le bonolo. Cheremsha na kopo lohle ka pheha. E sebelisoa ho ena le eiee tala, empa e nkha joaloka konofolo. Hape, joang e ekeletsoa Salads, lijana nama, phae fillings le salted joaloka sauerkraut.

Rhodiola rosea

Mohlomong, batho ba moo ba le tsohle tseba moemeli oa limela tsa Lake Baikal o na le makgetha a ho ya ginseng. Ho Rhodiola rosea, kapa Golden Root, joalokaha ho bitsoang kateng. Lithunthung ka June-July, hoo e ka bang ka mose Baikal ka matsoapo Stony, mafika le ka crevices ea lithabeng.

Semela ke ka ho phethahetseng e tlosa mokhathala le di hlohleletsago le thulaganyo bohle ka 'mele. Bakeng sa merero ea phekolo, sebelisa feela rhizomes kotuloa nakong lipalesa. Cheka exemplar kholo ka ho fetisisa ba hloekisa, khaola le omisitsoeng moriting. Ka mor'a hore ho noa joala e lokiselitsoeng mokelikeli ntsa. Hoa hlokomeleha hore ho cheka ea metso ea khauta mela ka mong 'me a sebaka se le seng e ka etswa ka mor'a lilemo tse leshome feela.

cowberry

ruile haholo ka limela matsoai le meriana ea Baikal. E mong ratoa lapeng pheko e cranberries. E e ntse e hōla merung ea Siberia, 'me hangata eaba ba etsa k'hapete e tsoelang pele ea undergrowth le letšo-letšo. Le kotulo e ntle bakeng sa ho lihora tse seng kae, u ka bokella ka nkhong e feletseng ea monokotsoai. Ba butsoa ka August le September.

Lingonberry molemo e le antipyretic le diaphoretic. Empa hape ke phaella moo moholo ho nama e chesang kapa tee ka mokgwa wa jeme. Berry phethahetseng bolokwa ka tsoekere, metsi le ka leqhoa ea sehatsetsi ka.

Baikal liphoofolo

The tse fapa-fapaneng 'me botle ba limela le liphoofolo tsa letšeng ha ke a tlohela mang kapa mang ea sa tsotelleng. Feela sheba foto ea limela le liphoofolo tsa Lake Baikal, le hoja baahi ba phela esita le ho feta tšosa.

Ka letšeng ke lehae la seponche ikhethang, eo bo-rasaense ba sa tsoa ngotsoe ke sehlopha sa liphoofolo. Ke ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa ona ho ba metsi ntse kristale hlakileng. Maemo a joalo ama mefuta e mengata haholo ea litlhapi. Baikal di fumanwa cod Sturgeon, litlhapi tsa salmon, bagre le carp mefuta, hammoho le Cisco, golomyanka, Grayling, kalaneng, Pike le tsa whitefish. Empa tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa le e ratoang tloaelehile haholo ho letšeng ka bitsoa tiiso.

Meru ke hape lapeng ho liphoofolo Siberia joaloka libere, liphiri, liphokojoe, hares le sables. Hape, bahahlauli ba ka tsela ea bona ea ho kopana le ferret, girl manga, ermine, marmot, lent, Elk likhama tarbagan, boar hlaha, likhama le lefubedu le le pōli e hlaha.

Ka Baikal ngata ea liphoofolo tse sa tšoaneng, empa ho ela hloko feela liphoofolo tse thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa.

omul

Cisco ke o mong oa mefuta e mengata khoebo ea Baikal. tlhapi ena ha se kholo ka ho fetisisa (ho fihlela ho dikilogeramo hlano le bolelele ba emetse disentimitara mashome a mahlano). Empa ka letšeng ke lehae la ho subspecies e tloaelehile haholo. Kakaretso ea fumanoa baahi ba bane: North Baikal, Selenga, bonģosa le Chivyrkuisky Cisco.

Kajeno, letša, ho limela le liphoofolo e sa tšoaneng haholo, litsebi li ikarabella ka bang likete tse mashome a mararo Head tlhapi tsena. Ha ho bapisoa le lilemo tse fetileng baahi bona e ntseng e eketseha hanyenyane. Cisco lulang se fetang lekholo la lilemo kotara. E jang invertebrates benthic, crustaceans le bacha tse ling tsa litlhapi. Baikal subspecies bohlokoa ka lebaka la letsoai lona ikhetha, 'me ha aa tiea tatso.

golomyanka

Litlhapi kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Lake Baikal ka nepo o ka bitsoa golomyanka. biomass lona palo yohle 'me palo e habeli ho feta ka mefuta e meng e. Ho thahasellisang ke hore golomyanka e hlahile ho phela mocha ho ena le ho larileng ka mahe a, joaloka ba bang. mokhoa o joalo oa ho ikatisa ha e sa kopana le ea mong oa litlhapi tsebahalang lefatšeng.

Hape e re hlokomelisa 'mele golomyanka. Ke halofo ea mafura 'me ka hona translucent. Ka karolo mohatla oa mohlala o moholo, o ka esita le bala mongolo o ngotsoe ka litlhaku tse khōlō.

Golomyanka lulang ho bolibeng tsohle, 'me kwa tlase,' me ka holim'a metsi. Ka hona, ho e ka tsela e tsoanang ba qhalakaneng ho pholletsa le lenaneng la metsi. tlhapi ena ke mohloli o ka sehloohong oa lijo bakeng sa liqibi, le boetseng le thahasellisang, hammoho le tse ling tse limela le liphoofolo tsa Lake Baikal tloaelehile haholo.

tiiso

The Baikal tiiso ke tiiso feela lefatšeng le lulang metsi a hloekileng. Jala e iphaphathileng ka letša, empa haholo-holo ka likarolo tsa lona e bohareng le e ka leboea. Ho fihlela joale, litsebi li ikarabella ka lihlooho tsa ka lekholo tse sekete tsa liqibi. Ba boima 50-130 lik'hilograma le e-ba bolelele ba 'mele oa exemplar kholo ka ho fetisisa fihle ka bang peli limithara tse. litiiso tsena phela lilemo tse 55, 'me fepa golomyanka Baikal gobies.

Sena ke le botsoalle haholo, thahasellisang le bonolo ho koetlisa phoofolo. Litiiso hangata e sesa ho fihlela ho likepe le hoholeha bakeng sa nako e telele ba sebakeng haufinyane. Ho makatsang ke hore liqibi tsena ithutile ho hema ka tlas'a leqhoa ka mekoting moea. Forepaws ba tabola le lesoba le le bophara ba limithara tse 'ngoe ho tse peli. Ho feta moo, phoofolo nako le nako tlosa ka leqhoa ho boloka boholo. Empa sena se sehlooho se moea le masoba, 'me li hasane ho pota nyenyane liliba tse eketsehileng.

Tiiso e ka holimo ea ketane lijo tsa lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea Lake Baikal. Kotsi feela ke monna ea ho eena. Masholu a liphoofolo timetsa e mong e monyenyane le boea tšoeu eo e nkoa haholo ka didikadikwe bona.

Barguzin sable

Ena ke phoofolo e tsomo e fumanoa ha feela ho letša, empa hape ho pholletsa le taiga tsa Russia. Sobol bitsoa khauta bonolo, hobane o na le e motle, tsoarellang, 'me ka hona e theko e boima boea. A Barguzin sheba ka lebaka la matlalo lefifi ka kakaretso ho nkoa e le kica ho auctions ena. Ka lebaka la sena, phoofolo hoo e ka bang ea e-ba timele mehleng ea Soviet Union, ha ba qala ho timetsa limela ikhetha, 'me liphoofolo tsa Lake Baikal.

Sable hase phoofolo kholo ka ho fetisisa, bolelele 'mele fihla tse ka bang peli ka maoto. Empa o dvadtsatisantimetrovy fluffy le ntle mohatla. Khetha ho phela ka kedare lehong, e fihlang ho ka holimo ea lithaba le melapo, moferong, 'me har'a placers lejoe. Phahameng mosebetsi e bontša sable mantsiboea le ka hoseng, nakong ea tsoma ka.

Linonyana tsa letšeng Baikal

Sebakeng se haufi le Letša la Baikal lule ho linonyana tloaelehile hore batho ba moru, 'me letša ka boeona e ka lebaka la lijo tse ngata tsa hohela anglers mose. The tse fapa-fapaneng o tloaelehileng haholo oa matata hore ka rata hore ba bokane ka metsi le ka mehlape ea kgolo. Sehlekehlekeng majoe e nang le baahi ba ka seagulls le holim'a naha bulehileng tsoha molota cormorants ntsho. Mabōpong ba ka seoelo bone likhantsi, screamers, likhantši, batsho throated diver le likokolofitoe bohlooho.

tlhompho e khethehileng ho tswa ho batho ba sebakeng seo ke lintsu. Ka Baikal bona lulang mefuta supileng. Ho Pallas o Fish Eagle, White-gelada lintsu, steppe lintsu, lintsu dwarfs, ba boholoanyane matheba ntsu, lintsu khauta, 'me sa lepato. fapafapana joalo fumanoa kae kapa kae moo e mong Asia.

Kahoo, ho ne ho nkoa ka bokhutšoanyane le limela le liphoofolo tsa Lake Baikal. Hona joale hore u tseba seo liphoofolo le limela li fumanoa sebakeng sena e hlollang.