Ethology - saense ea boitšoaro ba liphoofolo

Motho o hlokometse boitšoaro ba liphoofolo, ho leka ho utloisisa le ho hlalosa puo ea bona. Ho na le saense e khethehileng mabapi le boitšoaro ba liphoofolo. Hoo e ka bang ka eona le lintho tse entsoeng ho eona li tla tšohloa sehloohong sena.

Seo saense e ithutang boitšoaro ba liphoofolo?

Boitšoaro ba liphoofolo ho tloha boemong ba libaka tsa likokoana-hloko, ho feto-fetoha ha phoofolo ho ea sebakeng seo ho ithutoang ke thuto ea thuto ea litsebi. Lentsoe lena ka Segerike le bolela "ho ithuta ka botho." Ena ke saense ea boitšoaro ba liphoofolo ka maemo a tlhaho. Batho, ba ithutang mekhoa ea liphoofolo, litsebi tsa litsebi, ba ele hloko ka ho khetheha boitšoaro bo bobe ba lefutso. Ba boetse ba ithuta mefuta eo ea boitšoaro ba liphoofolo e hlalositsoeng ke phihlelo e bokelletsoeng nakong ea tsoelo-pele ea histori. Ho tloha mehleng ea litsebi tsa litsebi tsa thuto ea motheo, K. Lorenz le N. Tinbergen, saense ea boitšoaro ba liphoofolo e iketsetsa mesebetsi e latelang:

• Hlalosa lisosa tsa liketso tsa boitšoaro tsa liphoofolo;
• Ho ithuta hore na liketso tsa boitšoaro li etsahala joang ka ntshetsopele ea motho ka mong;
• Ho fumana hore na ho bohlokoa hakae bophelong ba sebata;
• Ho utloisisa kamoo ho iphetola ha boitšoaro ho ileng ha etsahala kateng.

Lipotso tsa thuto ea thuto e hlakile, 'me liphapang li hlaha ka mekhoa ea lipatlisiso. Bo-rasaense ba bang ba lumela, 'me bongata ba bona, hore ho ka khoneha ho etsa lipatlisiso feela ka maemo a tlhaho. Pono ea ba tšehetsang thuto ea litsebi tsa anthropogenic e fokotsoe ho lemoha tokelo ea ho boloka liphoofolo tikolohong ea mesebetsi ea batho. Ba bang ba lumela hore etthogy e na le tokelo ea ho sebelisa mekhoa ea zoopsychology ea teko: mohlala, liteko, liteko.

Boitšoaro ba liphoofolo

Li-Ethologists li ithuta boitšoaro e le ho sebelisana ka mefuta-futa ea liphoofolo le lefats'e le potolohileng. Boitšoaro bo bolela ntho leha e le efe eo motho ae bontšang. E hlalosoa ke likhopolo tse peli: karabo ea bonngoe le mokhoa oa boits'oaro oa boitšoaro. Motsoako oa li-reflexes o khetholla tsela ea bonngoe. Boits'oaro bo bobe ke mokhoa o rarahaneng, o lumellanang le mekhahlelo ea bophelo, mohlala, lijo, ho itšireletsa, lipatlisiso, batsoali, le ba bang.

Ka lebaka la ho shebella liphoofolo tikolohong ea tlhaho, saense ea boitšoaro ba liphoofolo e entse hore, mohlala, lintja li ja lijo tsa metsi le metsi a emeng, 'me likarolo tse thata li ja li robala, ke mokhoa oa lijo. Ho hlokomela bana ba bona har'a libere tsa pola, ha bere e qeta likhoeli tse 'maloa ka likhutsana, e li fepa, e khathatsa lihlahisoa tsa tsona, li shebella boitšoaro ba batsoali.

Litlhaloso tsa litsebi tsa litsebi li sebelisitse hokae?

Tsebo ea lipolotiki e hlokahala, haholo-holo, ho hlalosa boitšoaro ba liphoofolo. Mekhoa e sebelisoang ke litsebi tsa thuto ea litsebo e etsa hore ho khonehe ho hlalosa lintlha tse teng ka liphoofolo, ho atolosa maikutlo ka boitšoaro ba bona.

Saense ea boitšoaro ba liphoofolo e fana ka tsebo e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho hlokomela liphoofolo. Mokhoa oa ho hlokomelisa bana ba bana o lumella bahlahisi hore ba tsebe hore na ho tla lebelloa neng. Ka mohlala, ha u bona hore khomo e se e sa phomole, e lula e fetoha sebaka, e leka ho tlohela mosebetsi, mofutsi o hlokomela hore ho hlokahala hore a lokisetse ponahalo ea setho se secha sa polasing. Litlaleho tsa boitšoaro ba lipere li bontša mokhoa o rarahaneng oa liphoofolo tsena. Sehoai kapa mokoetlisi o lokela ho nahanela tsebo ea litsebi, e bontšang hore lipere li khetholla haholo bathong. Ba arabela ka botšepehi le ho mamela feela ba ba hlokomelang, ba hlomphang le ho ba rorisa.

Ntle le tsebo ea boitsebiso, barupeli ba thata. Lintlha mabapi le karabo ea liphoofolo, e fanang ka thuto ea tlhaho (saense ea boitšoaro), lumella ho qoba likotsi. Ka hona, ha a bona bohloki le ho sisinyeha ha nkoe, mokoetlisi o kokobetsa phoofolo e le hore e se ke ea hlasela. Ha o sebetsa le lihlopha, mokoetlisi o lokela ho nahanisisa ka liphello tsa thuto ea litsebi, e leng se bontšang hore liphoofolo tsena ha li na karabelo e joalo - hang-hang li bonahatsa bobe - mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho itšireletsa.

Litlhaloso tse thahasellisang

Litlhaloso tse ling tsa liphoofolo li thahasellisa haholo.

• Haeba li-otter li robala ka mpeng ea metsi ebe li tšoara liphahlo tsa tsona, joale li robetse.
• Bacha-bashanyana ba bapalang le bana-banana ba atisa ho lahleheloa, ho ba fa monyetla oa ho thaba tlhōlo.
• Ho na le liphoofolo, mohlala, liprotheine, tse kenyelletsoang ho hōlisoa ha bana ba basali ba bang.
• Likhomo ke metsoalle ea 'nete. Ba khona ho ba metsoalle, 'me motsoalle a qeta boholo ba nako ea bona, a buisana le eena, a mo hlokomele.