Dimela boenjiniere le kgolo ka Russia

Russia - liindasteri naha e nang le histori e telele ea ho hōla liindasteri. Ka lebaka leo, le Serussia mochini-haha dimela phetha karolo ea etellang pele ka moruo ea sechaba. Moqolo oa kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea liindasteri kabelo ea lihlahisoa le boenjiniere e ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 20%. Sena ke e ntle karolelano boemong ba, leha ho le joalo, ho ke ho hlokahala hore ho eketsa, hobane linaheng tse ngata tse tsoetseng pele, palo ena e haufi le 40% kapa ho feta.

Place indasteri ho indasteri Russia

Russia phetha molao le boenjiniere ka sebōpeho sa moruo ea sechaba phephetsa le sebaka sa pele le magala indasteri mafura le haholo feta mafapha tse ling tsa moruo. Ka mor'a ho oa ha USSR ea arolelana ea eona e leng "piggy kakaretso" le 28% (bo-1990) phuthoa ho ea ho 16% (1995), empa ka nako eo o ile a qala ho hlaphoheloa boreleli. Ke tšimoloho ea lipalo sa lekholong la lilemo la XXI eketsehile ho 19%, mme ka 2015 - ho 22%.

Ka 2013, Russia mochini-na le mohaho lifektheri e sebelelitseng $ limilione tse likete tse 190 (bilione 6 li-ruble). Kakaretso ea Russia ho na le 19 mehahong indasteri, batho ba fetang lekholo potlana mafapha-le liindasteri motho. The boenjiniere bo amehang tse fetang 40.000 likhoebo tsa boholo bo ohle le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea beng (2000 ho bona - ba seholo), eo e leng karolo ea boraro ea le palo ea likhoebo le liindasteri. 1/3 ea baahi palo yohle sebetsa e hiriloe ho indasteri e: fetang limilione tse 4,5 batho (milione 3,5 ho bona - ho sebetsa). A palo e kholo ea basebetsi rerang bohlokwa sechabeng lefapha la ea ka ho fana ka mosebetsi.

lesedi tsa histori

Batho ba Russia ba ne ba kopanela ho e lokisa tšepe tloha nakong immemorial. Ka Urals, ho fedisa ea boholo-holo a fumanoa moo qhibilihile tšepe le entsoe ka ho mefuta e fapaneng ya dihlahiswa e fetang lilemo tse 6.000 fetileng. Ka Kievan RUS se a ntse a X lekholong la lilemo la ho ne ho lithupelo li khōlō, ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse rarahaneng. Lilemong tsa bo-XII, baholo-holo ba rona tseba retelehela le mechine e siloa. Leha ho le joalo, pele mochini-na le mohaho dimela ka Russia a hlaha lilemong tsa bo-XVI. Ba neng ba kopanela le tabeng sebetsa 'me ba tsamaisa ka ho Tula. Production e ne e thehiloe manya ea moo tšepe, empa e ne e le numerically nyenyane, le arohaneng le batho bao e seng systemic.

A fetola Revolutionary ho indasteri e hlahile tlas'a Peter I, eo e neng e sebetsang expansionist leano. lebotho la hae ho hlokahala libetsa morao-rao ho feta, mahlaahlela le thepa. Le sibolloa ha mobung e khōlō ea manya a tšepe ka Urals na ba ile ba bōptjoa le likhoebo mochini-haha, haholo-holo libetsa.

locomotives indasteri

Bophara ba manyenyane ea lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso isang ha e le hantle hore ba bangata ba e kholo mochini-na le mohaho dimela Russia, ho ba le moetsi khethehileng tsa lihlahisoa tse ling, ka nako e tšoanang na le ba fokolang ka meqolo thekiso ya ka dipehelo ea chelete. Le lik'hamphani kholo ka ho fetisisa Russia ho indasteri e mafura, metallurgy le peterolo liindasteri tse tšoanang le ka ho ya ka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha e "AvtoVAZ" AHK "Sukhoi", OJSC "Gaz" sehlopha "lero" le OJSC "KAMAZ".

palo ea bo lebisang ho akarelletsa ho lik'hamphani haholo likoloi (ea lehae le boenjiniere potlana-lefapha la ka kabelo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sebōpeho sa khumo ea lihlahisoa le boenjiniere) le Mik, le palo ea kgolo tlhahiso ea mochini-na le mohaho (ka madi aa ea selemo le selemo tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 5 li-ruble) e batlang e le tse nyenyane.

Holdings le FPG

Russia phetha molao le boenjiniere lilemong tsa morao tjena qalisa tsela ea sebopeho sa lik'hamphani tšoere le lichelete-liindasteri lihlopha (lifeiga). Ha sena se o ile a re ka ntshetsopeleng ho eketsehileng lik'hamphani mochini-haha le HOLDINGS, bōpiloe ka lilemo tse fetileng (OMZ, matla le boenjiniere mokhatlo, "New Programs le likhopolo tsa" le ba bang), 'me sebopeho sa lihlopha tse ncha tsa thehoa motheong oa motse-moholo, e sebelelitseng ka liindasteri tse ling. Katoloso fetisisa bonahaleng ka lik'hamphani tšepe le boenjiniere, e ile ea fella ka sebopeho sa likoloi tse matla FPG "RusPromAvto" le sehlopha sa lik'hamphani koloi "Severstal". Ka lebaka la e 'ngoe kapa tse seng kae lik'hamphani kgolo (lihlopha) ho ile ha thehoa ka ho fetisisa-potlana, tšoereng e le boemong bo ka sehloohong.

Kholo ka ho fetisisa mochini-na le mohaho dimela ka Russia

Lenane la lik'hamphani le basebetsi ba fetang 12.000, fokotseha ka taelo ea (ho tloha ho 120 ho fihlela ho dozen 'maloa). Top 10 lik'hamphani ka palo ea basebetsi e thehiloeng ba e undergone liphetoho tse khōlō lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. maloa ba lifeme le hantle futsaneha, batho ba bang ba haholo fokotswa basebetsi. Ka mohlala, re fana ka tafole bapisang tsa linatla boenjiniere le ka tlhōrō ea bona le kajeno.

Lenane boitsebiso bo eketsehileng ka lik'hamphani tse khōlō tsa ho sebelisa mehaho ke sebaka e tjena.

Central District Federal

Ka bophirimela, Russia theknoloji e phahameng indasteri tshireletso ba concentrated (mohlala, sefofane se le Lata tlhahiso, tsamaiso ea moea tshireletso le lithunya radar, likoloi mabili), indasteri sebaka, manufactures e mengata e fapaneng dienjini disele, thepa ea seporo, mechine le thepa. Sebakeng Kaluga ho na le lesihla baetsi tsoang linaheng tse ling ba Makoloi. Ho sa le joalo, tse ruuoang likoloi linatla AZLK le ZIL lahlehileng boholo.

• EKR kgwebo "Almaz-Antey" (palo yohle ya basebetsi Group batho 98,000). Li akarelletsa Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Avangard" (tlhahiso ea metsu-ba khahlanong le lifofane), Dolgoprudnenskoe NPP (-ba khahlanong le lifofane metsu), mekhatlo e ikemetseng LEMZ (radars), Moscow Radio Engineering Plant (o romela molaetsa) le batho ba bang.
• Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva (batho 43500, Moscow.) - le kgwebo ka sehloohong sa ho Lata le sebaka indasteri. Develops 'me a hlahisa microcyteme rockets "le proton e", "Angara".
• Plant Moscow Machine-Building "Banner la Mesebetsi" le RAC "MiG" (batho 14.500, Moscow.) - ho lokolloa ha bo-ralitima-"MiG".
• Koloi lifektheri lik'hamphani tsoang linaheng tse ling, "Renault Russia" ( "Avtoframos", batho ba 2300, Moscow.), "PSMA RUS» (PSA Peugeot Citroen le ea Mitsubishi, Kaluga sebakeng.), "Volkswagen Group RUS" (Kaluga sebakeng.), "Volvo Vostok "(Kaluga sebakeng.) 'me ba bang.
• RSC "Energia" (Korolev) - pele Lata le sebaka khampani lefatšeng.
• Mik "NPO Machine Building" (18,000 batho ba, Reutov.) - e Lata le theknoloji sebaka.
• MZ "ZIO-Podolsk" (4700 pers.) - le thepa bakeng sa limela tsa nyutlelie matla le dimela CHP.
• "Kolomna fektheri" (6400 pers.) - locomotives, locomotives motlakase, thepa disele.
• Bryansk Engineering le Mesebetsi? (6800 pers.) - locomotives, likoloi.
• "Autodiesel" (Yaroslavl Automobile) - dienjini tlhahiso.

ka leboea-bophirimela nahla

St. Petersburg le Leningrad sebakeng na le kholo ka ho fetisisa mochini-na le mohaho dimela Russia. shipyards Local lula maemong a etellang pele ka kaho ea makhotla a sesole le sechaba. Har'a baemeli malapeng seqhenqha boholo mabenkele (hectars 200 ka setsi sa toropo) e emela Kirovsky terekere Plant, chelete e ka sehloohong ea seo e neng e rente sebaka ho ena le ho fana ka tlhahiso ho lokolloa profil. ntlong e latelang, e leng fektheri e khōlō "Ford" ka Vsevolozhsk sebetsang sebakeng sa hae ,. E mong setsi mochini-kaho ea sebaka ke motse oa Severodvinsk, moo ba ileng ba haha submarines.

• "Sevmash" (batho 25.000, Severodvinsk.) - kaho ea submarines.
• Shipyards ea St. Petersburg: "Admiralty Shipyards" (. Pele toropong khamphani ya batho ba 8,000) "Baltic Plant" (. 4000 pers), "Severnaya Verf" (. 3500 pers), "bohareng ba bo-Nevsky" (ca. batho 1000 ..) .
• thepa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea eneji, le: ho Leningrad Metal le Mesebetsi? (ka ka 2017 e tšoaea selemo sa 160th, hlahisa turbines), "Electrosila" (lijenereithara), "Izhora Dimela" (bakeng sa ea nyutlelie thepa matla, excavators).
• Autoenterprise Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Hyundai, General Motors, MAN, Scania.
• LOMO (St. Petersburg) - liletsa Optical.
• Kirov terekere Plant (8000 pers.) - ho hlahisa "Kirovets" literekere, thepa e sa tšoaneng.

Southern nahla

Ba ka sehloohong ho khanna matla a boenjiniere le ho phetha molao feela tikolohong eo ke ho hlahisa mechine e ngata le matla temo thepa. Kholo ka ho fetisisa koloi moetsi le TagAz Volgograd terekere Plant phatlalatswa futsaneha.

• Engineering khampani "Rostselmash" (batho ba 10,000, Rostov-on-Don.) - tlhahiso ea kopana bakotuli "Don" le thepa e 'ngoe ea temo.
• "Red boilermaker" (4400 Pax, Taganrog.) - le moetsi kholo ka ho fetisisa ya thepa tanka.
• "ATOMMASH" (Volgodonsk) - e mofani wa thepa ka sehloohong sa thepa ya dimela tsa nyutlelie matla le dimela CHP.
• ON "Barricades" (3300 Pax, Volgograd.) - khampani fapa-fapaneng (libetsa, lerumo tsamaiso ea limela tsa nyutlelie matla le oli le khase indasteri).

Volga District Federal

Tikolohong eo ho na le tsebahalang mochini-na le mohaho dimela ka Russia: AvtoVAZ, Gaz, "Tyazhmash", KAMAZ, UAZ, "Kalashnikov" le ba bang. Mokoloko oa lihlahisoa ke a pharaletseng a: ho tswa dibering le (1/4 ya marakeng malapeng) ho thepa e ikhethang bakeng sa ho indasteri e matla, ho tloha ka likoloi ho lifofane.

• AvtoVAZ (batho 52.000, Togliatti.) - e flagship palong ea likoloi ya hlahiswa.
• "Tyazhmash" (7000 Pax, Syzran.) - thepa ya indasteri e boima.
• Koloi lifektheri tsa sehlopha "khase": Gorky koloi Plant (tse nyenyane le tse mahareng-mosebetsi literaka, likoloi sesole, likoloi tsa baeti), "Pavlovsky Bus" (Paz), Ulyanovsk Engine Plant le ba bang.
• KAMAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny) - le moetsi ea isang oa literaka tse ruuoang.
• Izhevsk matsoho a fektheri: "Kalashnikov" (. Neng "Izhmash", 4500 pers), "IMZ" (7000 pers.).
• The lifofane indasteri ea Bashkortostan: UMPO (batho 21.000, UVA.) - dienjini lifofane, UPPO (Ufa) - Aviapribor, KumAPP (Kumertau) - proizvodnje le ho lokisa ea liroala-nkhoana "KA" li.
• Perm Motors Group (batho 12000) -. Lerumo le lifofane dienjini.
• MZ (batho ba 7000, Perm.) - Sebetsa.
• UAZ (Ulyanovsk) - SUVs le minivans.
• "Aviastar-sp," (batho ba 10,000, Ulyanovsk.) - e kholo ka ho fetisisa lifofane mohaho ona o dimela (lifofane "TU" dikai, "AN", "IL").

Ural nahla

Ural ho na kotsi e bitsoang pelo ea indasteri ea Russia. Fumaneha ha mobung morui, diminerale le e sebaka bohlokoa mosolotogamaano ile ea e-batlehang bakeng Posting mona le likhoebo tse khōlō liindasteri, haholo-holo tse amanang le ho e lokisa ea tšepe le indasteri itšireletsa. Litsi tse matla ka ho fetisisa le boenjiniere ba Yekaterinburg le Nizhniy Tagil.

• "Uralvagonzavod" (batho 27.000, Nizhny Tagil.) - e mong oa flagships tsa indasteri e ruuoang boenjiniere. Se hlahisa e mengata e fapaneng dihlahiswa: ho tswa makarecheng ho ditanka. Lekaleng la "Uraltransmash" (Ekaterinburg) hlahisa intša propelled libetsa tsamaiso ea le trams.
• "Uralmash" (batho 14.000, Ekaterinburg.) - le moeta-pele ka tlhahiso ea ho cheka, tsa meepo, thepa metallurgical.
• Zeke (Ekaterinburg) --ba khahlanong le lifofane tsamaiso ea lerumo, likoloi tšebeletso.
• Chelyabinsk terekere Plant (batho ba 13,000) -. Literekere, mechine kaho tseleng, dienjini.
• Koloi Plant "Ural" (batho 13.500, Miass.) - literaka.
• "Kurgan" (4800 Pax, Kurgan.) - likoloi sesole (BMP, literekere).
• Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant - rocketry.

Siberia District Federal

Engineering tlhahiso ea tsepamisa maikutlo indasteri tshireletso, lifofane le thepa bakeng sa tshebetso meepo. Tse ngata tsa motheo tsa kgwebo futsaneha kapa haufi le eona. Indasteri ea sebakeng se hlokang modernization le tšehetso.

• lik'hamphani Aerospace: napo sekarang. VP Chkalov (batho ba 6000, Novosibirsk.) - tlhahiso ea lifofane tsa "omileng"; "Polyot" (4500 Pax, Omsk.) - lifofane "An" satellitari "GLONASS" tsamaiso, Lata le sebaka thekenoloji; Ulan-Ude tsamaiso ea lifofane Plant - e mong oa baetsi kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa lifofane: liroala-nkhoana "Mi" le lifofane "Su"; (batho 6.000.) Irkutsk tsamaiso ea lifofane Plant - lifofane "Su", "Yak", "MS", dikarolo tsa Airbus; "Information Satellite Systems" (8000 Pax, Zheleznogorsk.) - satellitari merero tse sa tšoaneng le tsamaiso ea puisano.
• "Tyazhstankogidropress" (Novosibirsk) - e moetsi ka sehloohong sa mechine haeteroliki, lisebelisoa mochini, lipompo.
• Radiozavod bona. A. S. Popova (Omsk) - Radio boenjiniere le ho buisana le batho tsamaiso ea.
• "Altaivagon" (7000 Pax, Novoaltaysk.) - ho lokolloa ha likoloi.
• LVRZ Engineering kgwebo (batho ba 6000, Ulan-Ude.) - tlhahiso le ho lokisa tsa locomotives le literene.

Hole Bochabela District Federal

Hlahiswa ke likhoebo motho o moholo:

• KnAAZ bona. Gagarin (batho 13.500, Komsomolsk-on-Amur.) - sefofane se ka sehloohong sa naha. Fumaneha ka sesole (lelapa "Su", "Pak FA") 'me sechaba (Sukhoi Superjet) lifofane, dikarolo bakeng sa "Boeing".
• Likhoebo tsa shipbuilding le sekepe ho lokisa: Amur Shipyard (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) - pele e neng e ya hlahiswa submarines tsa nyutlelie joale sesole le lekhotla ntlhobolisa; "Dalzavod" (Khabarovsk); Mathokong Factory (Nakhodka), Nakhodka Shipyard.

bofello

Russia boenjiniere bo etsahalang ka makhetlo a thata. Ho sa tsotellehe ho ka 'nang la ho ena e matla indasteri, batho ba bangata ba flagships ea tlhahiso fokotswa, batho ba bangata ka ho toba pholoha. Indasteri ea se hlokang maqakabetsing ea liphetoho, modernization tsa mechine le thepa, ka tsela e ncha ea ho taolo ya. Ho sa le joalo, ho haha e ncha likhoebo phahameng tshebetso, haholo-holo tse nyenyane le tse mahareng-boholo bo lekaneng. Re ile ka fumana bobeli moea dimela bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa sesole. Bontša thahasello e khōlō ho sebedisanwang tsoang linaheng tse ling, haholo-holo automakers. Ha rarahaneng tšehetso ea puso le ya poraefete kgwebo le boenjiniere ka ho etsa le monehelo bo boholo ho moruo ba naha eo.