Bonahetseng kahisano ka Russia

Lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, Bophirimela kahisano tšoauoa ka ho iphetola ha lintho bohlokoa, kahoo hona joale ke tsamaiso e rarahaneng likhopolo, maikutlo, mekhoa le likhopolo. Bonahetseng kahisano e bua ka bopa dikgopolo tsa e leng tsa bohlokoa tsa kahisano ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, hammoho le thuto ea ho kgohlano ea sechaba, ea mehaho le tshebetso analysis sociometry, khopolo ea tšoantšetso interactionism, khopolo ea ho phapanyetsano ea sechaba le phenomenological kahisano.

Bonahetseng kahisano se akarelletsa libakeng tse ka sehloohong tse peli:

- sebelisoa lithuto bonahetseng ka kahisano, mosebetsi oa bona ke ho tswela pele ka diphuputso ikemiseditse ho rarolla e sebetsang, mesebetsi hantle-hlalosoa.

- Academic bonahetseng lithuto tsa ka kahisano, mosebetsi oa bona e sebopeho sa tsebo ea saense ka litsamaiso tsa liketsahalo tsa sechaba le bophelo 'me libakeng tse itseng ho ka sebelisoa e le motheo methodological ba etsa lipatlisiso tse sociological.

Bonahetseng kahisano ho tloha halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo e tsoelang pele e seng feela ka US empa hape le Europe Bophirimela. Baemeli ba sekolo bonahetseng ama haholo mefuta e fapaneng tse sa tšoaneng tsa mesebetsi e amanang le, empa mathata a ka sehloohong ke solvable mogopolofela le methodological motheong oa ho etsa lipatlisiso, hammoho le kamano le puisano meqolo ea libakeng tse e sebelisoa le seakatemiki.

Bonahetseng kahisano ka Russia ntshetswa pele ka pele phetohelo (P.Petrazhitsky, M.Kovalevsky et al a.) 'Me ka lekhetlo la pele lilemong tse leshome ka mor'a (A.Gastev, S.Strumilin, A.Todorsky, N.Antsiferov, A.Chayanov, I.Bobrovnikov, A.Boltunov, M.Kornev, M.Lebedinsky, V.Olshansky et al a.). Bonahetseng thuto ea kahisano ka Russia ka lilemo tse 20 o ile a ithuta mathata ea mokhatlo oa mosebetsi, e ntseng e eketseha sebopeho sa setso, tsela ea bophelo le tlhahiso, koetliso ea basebetsi ba tšoanelehang. Mathoasong a 30-ogy khanna lithuto tsa joalo li ne li ka khaotsa ho le qalella feela 70s ea (YuLevada, A.Zdravomyslov, I.Kon, G.Osipov, V.Rozhin ,, V.Shubkin, A.Harchev, V.Yadov et al a.).

Kajeno fetola ditshwantsho mokgweng oa tsebo. Mohlala, VA chefo tsebahalang Russia setsebi litabeng tsa kahisano li bontša mawa latelang ba etsa lipatlisiso tse bonahetseng ka atamela tse fapa-fapaneng mogopolofela. O proposes ho haha ka paakanyong joalo tsa paradigms mogopolofela: ho paradigm ka kahisano - ke ka kutloisiso ea akaretsang tsa dikamano tsa likhopolo tse sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa le:

a) ho nkeloa ka lapeng ba se le seng filosofi karabo ea potso e "se ea sechaba";

b) ho nkeloa ka lapeng la motho ea itseng palo yohle mefuta e fapaneng ya mathata a ho fuputswa hara paradigm khetheha;

c) kamohelo ya itseng ka litekanyetso tloaelehile hore matla le tšepahala ha melao-motheo ea tsebo mabapi le dithulaganyo tsa sechaba le liketsahalo.

Ntshetsopeleng ya Russia le yskoy kahisano hlahlojoa mekhahlelo e meraro:

1st sethaleng (60- 80s. Lekholong la lilemo la ea leshome le metso e robong.). Ho na le ke kahisano ka Bophirimela le Russia, 'me,' me. E ho nkoa e le saense e, e leng sebedisa saense tse ling e le "thepa" lintlha tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea melao ea eona ea dipharologanyo ea sechaba le statics. Ka nako ena, ka bobeli kahisano ntshetswa pele ka libaka sekolong, organicism, kelello: ho phedisano le-psychism le sekolong subjective.

Subjective kahisano thehoa melao-motheo ea hae ka pel'a mang kapa mang. Sepheo e ne e le takatso ea ho pheha khang ea hore likhopolo tsa populism Russia le bososhiale.

a kelello ka tataiso mehopolo tsa utolola karolo ea bohlokoa ea lintlha setso susumetsa susumelletsa ea boitšoaro ba batho.

2nd sethaleng (80 -. 90th 19 ka.). Nakong ena thehoa antipositivist tlhomamiso le Marxism. Ka nako ena M.M.Kovalevsky lokolloa mosebetsing oa hae "thuto ea kahisano". O ne a utloisisa thuto ea kahisano ka ea saense ho iphetola ha lintho le ho mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa sechaba. O ile a hatisa hore ka kahisano thata lohellana moruo, kelello, lintlha libaka, empa ea mong oa bona, ka nako e tšoanang, ha e hlaha ea makhaola-khang.

sethaleng 3rd (ho fihlela ho 20-ogy ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo). Isang dikolong - mocha o. Ka nako e tšoanang theha "kahisano Christian".

4th mohato (C '80s ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo ho fihlela N.V.). A sethaleng e ncha, tšoauoa ka liphetoho tse khōlō kahisano, e leng e ile a hlokomela ke saense ea ikemetseng.