Tu-134: tobileng

E mong oa tsomo Union lifofane lifofane a ileng a moeeng ka 1963.

bōpa lifofane

Tšimoloho ea sixties e ne e tšoauoa ka sa fetola ea meloko ea lifofane. Phetoho ea ho tloha piston ho jete lifofane mopalami hlokahalang ho bōpa mechine e ncha hore matlafatsa moeeng sephethephethe. Ho phaella moo, ho eketseha ha tsamaiso ea baahi le ntshetsopele ya moruo ke bōpile e batloang matla bakeng sa litšebeletso tsa ho tsamaisa moea.

The celow podrozy ratoang ka ho fetisisa li ne li se tseba piston lifofane bao e leng ea tlhophiso ea kajeno ea nako e haul,. Ke lekhalo ena ne ho nka sefofane sa jete le sefofane TU-134.

The moralo ka kakaretso

morero oo o ile ntshetswa pele ka moralo Tupolev e thehiloeng dikai pele kenngwa tshebetsong. boiphihlelo Rich tseleng eo a entseng kgolo lipalangoang sesole le lifofane ntlhobolisa fane ka kopo atleha moralo le boenjiniere bo tharollo. Re o ile a sebelisa backlog tsa mechine pele etselitsoeng. Ba tlisa sefofane TU-134 tobileng hore netefatsa tšebeletso e telele le e atlehileng.

Ka nako e tšoanang sefofane hlaha groundbreaking ka litsela tse ngata. Bokgoni ba mochine di akareditse go tsewa ho tloha batho ba mashome a tšeletseng ho mashome a robeli, ho itšetlehile ka moralo wa. Sebelisoa ka litsela machaba ho hare-hare ho mochine, e arotsoe litlelase hore palamisa baeti ka tlaase.

Bakeng sa celow podrozy malapeng thulametse mopalami lounges ntle litlelase, e neng e le batho mashome a robeli bokgoni. The Tu-134 sefofane ho itšetlehile ka diphetolo maloa boima fetohile ka mefuta e fapaneng ya mane a metso e supileng ho lithane tse mashome a mane a metso e robong.

dienjini

turbojet dienjini tse peli ea ho hōla e ruuoang behoa haufi le mohatla. Sena gondola boemo boo ka tsela e phethahetseng lumellane le litlhoko tsa simolleng unpaved le airfields hlomelloa hampe, ho thibela ho kenella ka hare lintho tsoang linaheng tse ling ka dienjini e. Boikitlaetso bo mong le enjene e fihla lithane tse supileng, tseo nolofalletsa qala ka lifofane tse khutšoanyane.

Nakong e tlang, ba ntlafala dienjini le nkeloa sebaka nakong overhaul ena. Matha ka lifofane lebelo TU-134 e ile ea fihla km makholo a robeli mashome a mahlano ka hora ka dienjini tlhahiso pele. Le tlhomamiso ya diyuniti fetotsoeng matla, ho eketsehile ho km mashome a mane ka hora.

Phoofolo enjene utloahalla Tu-134, haufi le molumo oa ho letsa mololi bochaba tlatsetsa phahameng recognizability ratoang lifofane. Boemo ka kakaretso ba lerata hlahisoang ke enjene qalong le ho hloa e ile ea e-ba phahameng haholo. Sena se ile sa etsa hore mathata a amanang le ho sebetsa ha lifofane ka seaplane machaba ka mor'a rag tsa melao ea tšilafalo mexri.

ntshetsopeleng ya mohlala

Koloi e ile ea e ba e atlehileng haholo. Tu-134 o ile a bontša ka ho fetisisa modernization bokgoni ba le ho tšepahala. Performance tshwara litšobotsi tse ile a boela a maikutlo ho eena. Behilweng ka sefofane ho TU-134 tsa crosswinds le headwinds lithibelo ka sefofane se tloha 'me lulisa ne ba le har'a ba nyenyane ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa sehlopha sa ena ea lifofane. Tšobotsi ena ea mochine o haholo ba ntlafala sefofane kamehla.

The bozangi litomba kholo tsa dikai pele tsa Tu-134 e ne e le lebaka la ho hloka le qheletseng khutlisetsang morao, eo haholo eketsa ho braking hole ea mochine. Ho buseletsa bakeng sa ho haella ha sebelisoa lipharachuti braking le airbrake. Ntshetsopeleng ya mochine kahoo ba felisa makgetheng hore ba oele methati ea pele ea tsoelo-pele ea sefofane sa jete.

Air Export Moeta-pele

Tu-134 sefofane e bile e ratoa haholo ke, e seng feela ka litsela tsa Soviet Union, empa hape le linaheng tse ling. Hoo e ka bang ho tloha qalong ea tlhahiso, a qala ho etsa lifofane ka seaplane tsoang linaheng tse ling. Atolosa temoho e ka koloing 'me o ile a thusa ho ba le seabo TU-134 ka machaba Air Show 1969 Le Bourget. lifofane le e bontša hore hase feela hore boemo ba tsoelo-pele ea indasteri Union sefofane, empa hape ka tsela e morao-rao ho bōptjoa ha Civil Air Fleet.

Ho phaella tabeng ea ho re ba bloc Union, mochine o sebetsa linaheng tse ngata tsa Afrika, Asia le Latin America. Maemong a mangata, lifofane ba ne ba e le karolo ea Air Force ea linaha ho kenya. Ka mor'a ho putlama ha USSR koloi a tsoela pele ho boloka moea CIS.

lifofane Long

Likoloi pele ba ile ba fihla sefofane le ka 1966. Kaha sefofane se ka moeeng. Joale mochine ona e ne e le feela ho bajari poraefete sebeletsa tokomaneng flights. Empa pele ho 2007, e ne e le karolo ea lere la ea Airlines Russia le CIS etsang kamehla baratos mopalami. Kahoo, mochine 'nile la sebelisoa bakeng sa morero oa eona a ne a rerile bakeng sa ba fetang mashome a mane lilemo.

, Ho phaella ho kariki bapalami ka litšebeletso kamehla, o ile a ntša diphetolo ho Tšebeletso bahlanka setjhaba boemo ba phahameng. mapolanka tsena di a hlomelloa le likarolo tse eketsehileng phaella ka ho re tšelisa le ho sireletsehile. Ba thehile tsamaiso khethehileng muso puisano.

Hape ho ne diphetolo sesole TU-134, o ne a rerile ho koetlisa bakhanni le basesisi ba lifofane sesole. E 'ngoe ea liphetolelo tse sa a hlomelloa le khethollang nko khoune, e ne e sebelisoa bakeng sa motsamaisi fuoa koetliso nako e telele bomber mata.

Fetang historing ea tlhahiso, e leng e ile ea nka lilemo tse fetang tse mashome a mabeli, ho ne ho lokolloa hoo e ka bang tse makholo a robong le likopi tsa likoloi tsa diphetolo fapaneng. Ka pontshi ena Tu-134 ke ea mehlala fetisisa atile sefofaneng mopalami Union.

decommissioning

Ho phaella ho obsolescence botekgeniki le theknoloji ea mochine, karolo e khōlō ea ho felisoa ha ho e sebelisa e phethile eketsehileng lerata boemo ba ka semela ka matla. New ICAO melawana felise celow podrozy ngata machaba hore ba sebeletsoa ke ba Tu-134. The libakeng tse setseng ne a ke ke fana ka khefu-esita le tshebetso ea mohlala le tlhōlisano le lifofane ho feta mehleng ea kajeno ho bahlahisi tsoang linaheng tse ling le tse ruuoang.

Leha lifofane e ne e ya hlahiswa ho fihlela ka 1987, ka lifofane kamehla ile a khaotsa ho sebelisa eona ka 2008, ho tlosa mechine ea Brands tse ling. Kajeno o tsoela pele ka khumo ea likoloi ya ea mohlala ona ho tswa ho likarolo tse ling tsa lipalangoang moea. Leha ho le joalo, nako e nka lona, 'me oa ho fela lifofane tsa cha ena ka lilemo tse fetang mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano. Tse fetang lekholo lifofane ntse o hlola ka ho e le karolo ea Aerolíneas, empa qetellong ea histori e khanyang ea pele-ea tsoetsoeng ke lifofane mopalami Union se hōle.

Dikotsi le liketsahalo

Ka lilemo tse ngata, e le hore Tu-134 atlehe moeeng, eseng ka ntle ho hlaheloa ke likotsi. Empa sefofaneng ho tsoela pele ho nkoa e le mochine sireletsehileng le ka tšeptjoang. Lifofane koluoa ea Tu-134 ba ka seoelo e amanang le moralo le tsa mochine, metsoako e le tse nyenyane.

Karolo e khōlō ea tlokotsi e ne e le lebaka la ho iketsahaletse feela tjee kapa ntlha e motho. lifofane e ne e sebetsa ka tlas'a maemo a eo hase kamehla ho hlompha hlokahalang boemong ba sefofane polokeho, e seng feela ka USSR empa hape linaheng tse tsoelang pele. Ditlabelwa mechine o ile a kopana le melao ea puso ea ka eo e ileng ba bōptjoa, 'me mangolo a hlokahalang le boikarabelo basesisi ba sekepe le ditshebeletso fatše.

Ka lilemo tse kaofela tshebetso ya Tu-134 ka mabaka a sa amanang le mesebetsi ea sesole, e ile lahlehileng fetang mashome a tšeletseng a metso e mehlano sefofane, e leng a bolaea ho fihlela ho e mong le halofo batho sekete.