Niobium sehlopha: tlhahiso, thepa, dikopo

Niobium - lik'hemik'hale elements le nomoro ea athomo 41. E ile ea pele sibolloa mathoasong a lilemo tsa XIX, empa ho amohela eona a chechisetsoa morao ka lilemo tse 150.. Feela ka 1950, seleng poraefete ka tafole nako le nako e abetswe qeto ya Union International tsa sebelisoa le ho ya mogopolofela k'hemistri athomo. Ho sebelisa utility e le karolo ea ho indasteri e, e entsoe ka megalana tsa niobium. Ka boeona, ha ho rua letho ikhethang. E senola ho bokgoni ba yona e tletseng ha a bōpa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng, ditharollo kapa o hlophisitsoeng tse ling.

tse qotsitsoeng ea niobium

Niobium manya matlafatso - e rarahaneng haholo le theko e phahameng tshebetso. Sena ke hobane dikahare ka tonne mong oa lefika ha feta dikgerama 24. Ho feta moo, karolo e loketseng ho thepa tšoanang lik'hemik'hale tse thata haholo ho khetholla ho tloha tantalum.

Tlas'a maemo a tsa tlhaho a fumanoa feela ka sebōpeho sa hasa-hasane ho - ka majoe igneous le kristale, hammoho le karolo ea ba bang liminerale - pyrochlore loparite, columbite-tantalite. elements ena ea tsamaiso ea nako le nako e ntšitsoeng haholo-holo ho tswa ho metsoako joale. niobium tlhahiso ea na le mekhahlelo e meraro:

1. mafika Autopsy le dikahare phahameng ea thepa niobium.
2. Lekala ea niobium tantalum, lokisetsa metsoako bo hloekileng.
3. Hlaphoheloa le tlhoekiso ea tšepe le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa lona ho tloha litšila.

Motheong oa ho hlahisa potoloho ho fihlela phahameng mocheso mogote dithulaganyo sebelisa aluminium, sodium kapa k'habone. Hang-hang hlobolisa phofo niobium lokisetsa ka phehella, sintering tsa phofo "dikotwana tse" ka vacuo, le elektrone-toloki selikalikoe qhibiliha.

Useful thepa

Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse lona o ikhethang oa niobium e sebelisoa ka liindasteri tse ngata. Ho bebofatsa mosebetsi wa tshebediso ya elements mantlha ka sebopeho moralo, entse lihlahisoa tse sa tšoaneng phuthoa, ho akarelletsa le niobium hlobolisa. Ba ka sehloohong a sebetsang a motsoako tabeng ena ke niobium carbide, e nang le liphello tse molemo ka thepa phetha molao ea thepa. Bakeng sa doping ka thane e le ea tšepe hloka dikgerama 200 feela tsa niobium. The motsoako sephetho na thatafala phahameng le ductility, le tlaase friability, molemo ts'enyeho hanyetsa. Karolo ea sebelisoa bakeng sa lirafshoa sireletsang le batho bao e seng ferrous, haholo-holo aluminium, ho tloha alkalis le acid.

Tshebediso ya niobium

Niobium hlobolisa e boholo ba sebelisoa e le dopant ho bopa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng bobeli ho tloha tšepe ferrous le ferrous. dikopo tsa sehlooho tse niobium Lata, seea-le-le boenjiniere bo elektronike, lik'hemik'hale sethusathuto kaho, aeronautical le astronautical boenjiniere.

Kopo ea metallic kapa niobium bo hloekileng ka lebaka la ho 'maloa tsa thepa tsa lona le molemo. Har'a bona e totobatsa refractoriness, ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho, bokhoni ba ho eketsa mocheso ho hanyetsa ea thepa le bokhoni ba bona conductive.

Buka e ikhethang quality, e nang le niobium hlobolisa ke hoo e batlang e lefela sebelisana isotope tsa uraniamo ka mocheso oa likhato ho fihlela ho sa 1100 Celsius. Ho feta moo, athomo e na le tlase maiketsetso radioactivity. All sena se loketse bakeng sa ho sireletsa reactors nyutlelie, hammoho le linkho bakeng sa polokelo ya a qeta mafura ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi.

Tlhahiso ea niobium

Ea niobium tšepe lihlahisoa ba haholo-holo ho finyella litlhoko tsa indasteri ea nyutlelie. Ho na le lera lokisetsa therefrom bakeng uraniamo le plutonium teplovyvodyaschih likarolo, lik'hontheinara tsa boloka tšepe mokelikeli, litšila ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi. Products entsoe ka niobium sebelisoa ho bopa mosebetsi dikhomphiutha boima. Ka eona, ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa ea conductors ho, ka tsela eo ho fumana cryotrons - sverhvysokoprovodyaschie likarolo k'homphieutha. Ka Austria, silevera le motsoako niobium sebediswa bakeng sa minting ea lichelete tsa tšepe mokelli.