Sechaba Titular - sena ke ... The tlhaloso, mehlala. Baahi matsoalloa

Ho tloha ka bohareng ba bo-90s, kaha ho thehwa ha ipusang tsa Soviet Union ea mehleng, ka ho eketsehileng ho na le lipotso tse amanang le ea sechaba ho itaola. Tabeng ena, litlaleho mecha ea phatlalatso li tletse dikgopolo tsa "sechaba", "sechaba titular", "bochaba", "sechaba", "batho ba matsoalloa a moo", "morabe", "morabe". E le motho feela ea tloaelehileng seterateng ka ntle ho khethehileng sociological le tsa merabe tsebo ho utloisisa sena sohle? Le potso e ka sehloohong, e leng sechaba titular - ke ba sechaba sefe, morabe kapa sechaba?

"Sechaba" 'me "titular sechaba" - ke eng?

Kahisano e tlhalosa tsela khopolo ea "sechaba" e le sehlopha leha e le efe ea merabe, histori, evolving le ho ikatisa ka boeona e ka sebakeng seo ho khetheha. Sechaba - ke sete ya ea sechaba le a moruo, ho akarelletsa puo e tloaelehileng, setso, likamano tsa moruo, litšobotsi tse kelello le litšobotsi tsa merabe ea baahi.

Sa lokela ho ferekanngoa le khopolo ea "bochaba", e akarelletsang baemeli ba morabe tšimong eohle ea lefatše.

Khopolo ea "titular sechaba" a hlaha ka kahisano batlang e sa tsoa - ho elella lekholong la lilemo la XIX. French ralipolotiki Morris Barrens qaptjoa lentsoe "titular sechaba" mabapi le sehlopha se ka sehloohong tsa merabe le boemong seo ho sona ho ke puo ea sechaba seo se etsang qeto tsamaiso ea thuto le lineano tsa setso tse motheong oa statehood.

Aboriginal sechaba - titular?

Poleloana e reng "matsoalloa a moo sechaba" ho utloisisa ho kopantswe matsoalloa phelang sebakeng se itseng. E lokela ho utloisisa hore ho morabe kapa morabe - mokgatlo ea batho ba haufi-ufi amanang le ea nako e telele ba ile ba kopanela tsa bodulo le filogenetichnostyu hlahang ho yona. Sechaba - khopolo ea tlhaho le ea sechaba.

Sehlooho o ile a bua feela ho sechaba, e morabe, e kenyeletsang ethnonym ka lebitso la thuto ea sechaba, ho ba motheo oa ho boemong ba ho ea lehae. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore sechaba se titular - e sa e ngotsweng Molaong molao, 'me hangata khopolo ea sechaba le ea sechaba.

Ka kutloisiso ea kajeno generalized ba sechaba titular - ke sephetho sa felang saense le mogopolofela kaho.

Ethnosociology

Setsebi sa kahisano, le anthropologists hangata e isang Bibele ea ikhanyetsa tabeng ea puisano likhopolo tsena. Ho thehoa ea lekala ea kahisano a bitsoa "ea merabe kahisano", eo wa borumuwa - ho hlahloba e rarahaneng 'me hangata hanyetsanang ea sechaba-merabe likamano. Utloisisa diteng tsa likamano joalo ka litsela tsa histori ea ntshetsopele, sebopeho sa boitsebiso ea merabe, ho ne ho bōptjoa taba ea sechaba 'me litsela tsa ho kenya tshebetsong e - hore' s lenane inyenyefatse ha mesebetsi ea saense ba banyenyane.

sechaba Titular - e ke matsoalloa?

likolo tse fapaneng enosotsiologii Bophirimela le poso-ba Soviet Union, 'me hangata li sebelisa le ho sebelisa bopa dikgopolo tsa tsena ke hore hase kamehla se tšoanang. Hangata ka ho fetisisa, khopolo ea "matsoalloa" le "batho matsoalloa" li sebelisetsoa synonymously.

Root ho nkoa sechaba se phelang nako e histori e telele ea nako tšimong ea, tse kang Armenians Armenia, Ukraine Ukrainians, Tatars ka Tatarstan.

Empa ba le motso oa sechaba titular tla tlasa phahametse tsa puo ea eona sebopeho ea bobeli ea thuto ea sechaba. Hore na e ke e ikemetseng rephabliki, boemo kapa seterekeng.

mehlala lefatšeng

Emit mono,-merabe le selotlolo merabe naha. Leha karohano ena e hatellang le melao ea tsamaiso efe kapa efe ya semmuso kapa Machaba a Kopaneng, kapa UNESCO e sa hatisitsoeng. Le lefatseng la tsa nyane mono,-merabe e re - tseo ho tsona tse 95% ke kabelo ea meeli ea merabe le tsa lipolotiki tsa merabe e tšoanang. Mehlala ea linaha tseo li Japane, Norway, Madagascar, Bangladesh, Egepeta, Korea Boroa, Somalia, Armenia, Albania, Greece, Italy, Denmark, Korea, Malta, Poland le Portugal. Lethathamong le ha a bolela hore a tlatsa ho nepahala, kaha mehloli e fapaneng e nkiloeng ka Peresente monoethnicity litsupa fapaneng.

Hlalosang bothata

Boemo bo tla ba teng ha ho hlophisoa selotlolo merabe ea boholo kholo ea linaha, ho arola baahi ba ka sehlooho se reng, 'me ha le dumelletswe ya dikgethollo le litokelo tsa e mong bapisoa le mathata a mang a lichaba titular qala ho bohale liprofinseng tse ngata. E leng, linaheng poso-ba Soviet Union, hammoho le Great Britain, Yugoslavia, Spain, Czechoslovakia. Mohlala oa qeto kgohlano ka phapang ea sechaba ke lintoa hlohlellelitsoeng chauvinism le bochaba.

Title Russia sechaba

Russia - boemong merabe e fapaneng. Hona joale sebaka sa eona ke lihlopha lapeng ho 180 merabe bua 170 lipuo tse sa tšoaneng. Sechaba sefe "Russia" o 81% ea kakaretso ea baahi. Boikemisetso ba sechaba titular, e ne e tla bonahala eka, ke ha a belaella - ho Serussia. Empa sehlopha sa sechaba titular e sa legislated ka tokomane efe kapa efe, liqabang le lipuisano-ralipolotiki le baetsi ba melao ba e-s'o o qetile.

Ka 'ngoe ea lipuo tsa hae, e leng Russia Mopresidente Vladimir Putin bitsoa lethathamo la titular lichaba: Russia, Tatars, Chechens, Bashkirs, Dagestani, Bajuda le joalo-joalo.

Russia, feela lirephabliki tse ikemetseng tsa Chuvashia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Tuva le peresente ya baemeli ba sechaba se titular, tse fetang halofo ea kakaretso ea baahi. Empa Chechnya, Russia 2%, 'me 98% - baahi matsoalloa a moo.

Hlokomoloha ea sechaba le ea bolumeli peculiarities, ho se hlomphe ea ka lineano tsa batho tsa matsoalloa e le sechaba titular libaka tse itseng, chauvinist ho beha mabaka, "ka ho fetisisa Russia" lilemong tsa morao tjena ka Russia ile ea etsa hore ba bang ba tsitsipano potso ea hore sechaba titular - ho Serussia. balwanedi litokelo tsa botho le baetsi ba melao fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ya le melao ea tsamaiso bakeng sa ho lokisa le bochaba titular ba Federation le Serussia.

Sebopeho selotlolo merabe ea boholo ba re morao-rao ke selotlolo faceted ea sechaba-merabe tsamaiso. Stockholm International Institute e hatisitsoeng ho ithuta mathata a tekanyo e lefatšeng, e leng a bontša hore 78% ea likhohlano ka libetsa ho tloha bohareng ba bo-bo-1990 e thehiloeng ho se tšoane merabe. Lipotso wa setjhaba ho itaola le ho intša ka ilibana joale tloong pele bophelong ba. Mamello le ho hlompha batho ba fapaneng le rōna ka mabaka efe kapa efe - ke tiisetso ya khotso le nala tsa botho ka polanete ea rōna.