Noka Kuma: Tlhaloso le difoto

Kuma River Stavropol bohale le hlaha bogolosegolo mong feela motseng oo e leng e koahetsoe ke lehlabathe. lebitso le molapo e amanang le tšobotsi ena e. Le puo Turkic lentsoe "google ile godfather" le fetoletsoe e le "lehlabathe". Histori ea nōka e qala ho 'na-III le makholo a lilemo BC. Esita le linakong tsena, bo-rahistori ela hloko ho ba teng fatše haufi le letamo phallo ea metsi ea bajaki ba pele, ba neng ba ba kopanela mona ka temo, husbandry liphoofolo, mesebetsi ea matsoho pele a hlaha. Ka XI-XIII lilemo tse makholo noka Kuma ile a hlomelloa Polovets ditefello; maphelong a bona baahi ba ipitsa "Cumans". Kajeno, hammoho pokello ke motse oa Mineralnye Vody, Budyonnovsk, motseng oa Alexandria le Suvorov, motse Krasnokumskoe, Levokumskoe, masole Alexandrov, Arkhangelsk le Praskoveya. All mabōpong la nōka ea Kuma kajeno ke lehae la baahi ba fetang 350.000.

Geography noka

Kuma simoloha haufi motseng oa Upper Mara Karachay-Cherkess Republic, ka matsoapo leboea ea Rocky Ridge (bophahamo limithara tse 2,100). Mona, le pokello ka bitsoa thabeng noka. The metsi matsoai libotlolong sebakeng sa phallo ea thota ea, moo a neng a fetang se khutsitseng. E qetella ka Nogai steppe. Ka la Caspian mabalane motseng oa Qom noka Neftekumsk sebakeng e arotsoe tse 'maloa tsa matsoho a tse nyenyane, e leng se tsamaisa ka tsela ea Leoatle le la Caspian, empa ha ho e finyella. Kakaretso ea phallo le hlaha libakeng tse 'nè tsa naha: Republic of Dagestan, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia le Stavropol Territory.

Inflows

bolelele nōka e-kakaretso Tsa 802 dikhilomitha, sebakeng beisine lona ke 33.500 km lisekoere. Motseng Krasnokumskom (sebakeng St George o) ka Kumu tributary phallang - leq. Podkumok. Ho bua ka letona banka phallang malapeng. E le hore re utloisise eo amana letamo molatsoaneng, o lokela ho bona hore moo noka psha ka Kuma. Re bua ka Leoatle la Caspian.

Ho phaella moo, lehlakoreng le letona la nōka phalla ka pokello le Daria Zolka. Ka le letšehali - Tomuzlovka, Karamyk Dry, metsi Karamyk, Surkul, Dry Buffalo, Buffalo koloba.

tšobotsi

Kuma River feptjoang haholo-holo ke pula le qhibiliha lehloa. From morao November ho ea mathoasong a March, o icebound, ka March-April, leqhoa qhibiliha, metsi a ka libotlolong. Nakong e fetileng tsa morao tjena ka selemo e ne e tlalehiloeng meroallo toka e phahameng, 'me le meroallo li tloaelehile mona. From March ho ea ho June, ho na le moroallo. Lehlabula, metsi a ka ema hore a le limithara tse 5.
Karolelano ea selemo le selemo tshebediso ya metsi ke 10,6 limithara tse dikhubu. limithara, ho phalla karolelano tlalehiloeng ho pota 0,33 limithara tse dikhubu. km le ka selemo.

Tšobotsi e sa Kuma River ke metsi a eona seretse. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go-butle phahameng le dikahare. Ho ea ka mehloli e, ka bang 600 tse sekete tsa boima ba lithane tse bonahalang e tla etswa selemo le selemo. Linakong tsa likhohola le moroallo, palo ena eketsa haholo. Tabeng ena, ho Kuma River e sebediswa haholo-holo bakeng sa nosetso ea linaha omeletseng ea sebakeng seo.

Matsoai Metsi Motse bakeng sa phallo fanoeng ke ka go tlhaolega lithaba tlhaku, 'me ka mor'a ho kena sebakeng seo a bataletseng fetoha ho feta khobile matšoafo botho ba hae.

boleng metsi

boleng metsi kemisong kaofela junifomo lona. Ha motso, libakeng tse lithaba, mineralization e tšoauoa: bonang! E ke haholo-holo khalsiamo bicarbonate sebopeho. Ho ekelletsa moo hammoho nōkeng ea liminerale fokotswa haholo, ho na le ho ba teng ha sulfates. Ke ka lebaka leo le nōka Kuma sebakeng Stavropol o thusang mafutsana boleng metsi ke approximating litšobotsi tsa ka silafalitsoe, undrinkable.

Matamo le likanale tsa

Ka nōkeng e haufi le motse oa lebitso tšoanang bōptjoa lokolla pokello. Ka mor'a ho thehoa lona turbidity fokotseha haholo. Maiketsetso letšeng e nkoa e le e mong oa libaka fetisisa litlhapi. Ka lebaka leo, ho pholletsa le selemong seo e tšoaroa tšoasa, 'me bobeli ba litsebi le tsenwe. Ho na le tse fetang 70 mefuta e meng ea litlhapi, har'a oona batho ba bangata ba gudgeon, carp, bream, Pike le kalaneng.

Ho phaella ho pokello ea, tse peli kanale nosetso e ile ea hahoa ka kemisong Kuma - Kuma-Manych le Terek-Kuma. E le e boetse e tšoaetsanoang ka ho sesa letamo metsi linōka tse 'maloa (bochabela manych et al a.), Ke hokae moo ho sebetsa, ka mor'a moo e fuoa bareki.