National tsa Ukraine. History of Ukraine

Ukraine - naheng e Ranked bohlano Europe ka ho ya ka ea baahi. palo ea batho ba phelang naheng ena, ho ea ka ya ka dipholo palo ea sechaba ka selemo sa 2001, ea e-ba limilione tse 42,8. Palo, e leng e beha ka tlaase, bontša ea ho hlophisoa merabe ea Ukraine e le karolo e itseng.

A histori hanyane

Ukrainians ne tripoltsy baholo-holo ba baahi tšimo e pakeng tsa Dniester, Dnieper le Southern Kekana mong 3.5-2 sekete. BC le mathoasong a Slavs, ba neng ba tlile mona, 'me hamorao ka sebakeng Carpathian. Ba ne ba kopanela temo le ile a etella pele bophelong sedentary. Ho batho bana le ho thehoa motheo oa bokamoso ba sechaba Seukraine.

lilemo tse makholo a 'maloa li entseng hlaseloa mengata ea meloko e sa tšoaneng metebong linaheng Maslav. Empa ho sa tsotellehe alima tse hlahang ho setso sa bona, ho Ukrainians ba ile ba khona ho boloka boitsebahatso ba bona ba bochaba. Ho bontša ka boeona e, eseng feela ka puo empa hape le ka setso tsa moea.

Ukrainians hona joale ke e 'ngoe ea lichaba e moholo oa lefatše, diseke ee ho fedisa ka pelong ea Europe' me e mokhoa o sa fellang hasana ho pholletsa le lefatše.

lesedi kakaretso

libaka tse lieu nkoa e le ka leboea, ka bochabela le e bohareng likarolo. batho ba ka tlaase phela libakeng tse ka bophirimela le ka boroa. Boholo ba baahi ba - Ukrainians (ka 78%), e leng e mong oa lihlopha tsa khale-khale merabe lefatšeng. Sebopeho merabe ea Ukraine e boetse e akarelletsa ho Crimean Tatars, Russia, Belarusians, lipalo, Bajuda Romanians, Moldavians le ba bang.

State morao-rao

The Seukraine boitsebiso molao (ntle le bakeng sa lengolo la tsoalo), morabe batho e sa boletseng. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba hlahile naheng ea Ukraine, ke ka tsela e iketsang baahi. Ho phaella moo, ba ile ba ba le karolo ea bohlokoa ea batho ba matsoalloa a moo, ho sa tsotellehe hore bolumeli ba bona, morabe, puo, le maikutlo a lipolotiki.

Merabe manyenyane, tse akarelletsang batho ba sa qalong Ukrainians, empa natla latelang melao le melao ea tsamaiso tsa molao morao-rao, mmoho emele sebopeho merabe ea Ukraine le ba sirelelitsoe ke mmuso, hammoho le baahi matsoalloa a teng.

Kyiv International Institute of thuto ea kahisano a khanna thuto ka domain name ba morabe oa baahi ba ka bolokolohi bona intša boitsebahatso. and analysis bona o ile a bontša hore ea ho hlophisoa merabe ea Ukraine e fapa-fapaneng haholo. Ho latela boitsebiso bo fumaneng, ka sebakeng sa boemo ke lehae la ho 62% ya mono,-merabe batho Seukraine, 23% ba bietnicheskie Serussia Seukraine, 10% - mono,-merabe Marussia, hammoho le 5% ea batho bao e leng lihlopha tsa tse ling.

Ea baahi ba libakeng tse bohareng

Nahana ka sebopeho merabe ba libaka tse Ukraine, e qala ka Kiev. metse ea eona, motse le metsana leo ho ahiloeng ho ke baemeli ba merabe bao e seng titular.

Mona Ukrainians (ka 90%) phela haholo. Tse setseng 10% - sena ke Belarusians le lichaba tse ling. E le ea selemo sa 2001, motse-moholo batho 2607,4 sekete. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore palo ena ha e le hantle e phahameng haholo, kaha ho sebetsa mona 'me le ithute palo e khōlō ba basele le batho ba tsoang metseng e meng.

Naheng ea sebaka se Zhytomyr ke lichaba tsohle. Mona phela batho ba 85 lichaba! Ho feta 80% ya bona - le Ukrainians. Kabelo ea Russia ha ho bapisoa le libakeng tse ling ke tse nyenyane - 8 feela%. A tšobotsi e khethehileng ea Zhitomir ke palo e khōlō ea lipalo phelang mona, haholo-holo karolong e ka bophirimela ea sebakeng seo. Batho ba nang le metso Belarusian, ho na le ba fokolang haholo, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore haufinyane ha ho sa moeli oa Belarus.

Kirovohrad sebakeng lule ho feta 85% ya Seukraine. Le ka leboea-bochabela palo e haufi le 100%. Baahi ba ka metso e Russia, ho na le tse 11 feela% ea palo ea baahi. Ntle ho bona, sebaka se e leo ho ahiloeng ho ke Bulgarians, Moldavians le Belarusians.

Banka letšehali

Re tsoela pele ho hlahloba sebopeho merabe ba libaka tse Ukraine le fallela karolong e ka bochabela ea naha. Sebakeng Kharkiv ke lehae la lihlopha ka mashome a robeli merabe. Ukrainians etsang ho feta 60% ya palo yohle ea baahi. Ba ile ba lateloa ke Russia (30%). Ba bang kaofela ba setjhabeng di Belarusians, Tatars, Armenians le ba bang.

Sebakeng Dnepropetrovsk ke lehae la pele kgolo Seukraine sechaba. Baahi matsoalloa mona ke 70%. Bobeli kholo ka ho fetisisa morabe - Russia (25%). Di concentrated haholo-holo ka e likoloha liindasteri. Har'a lichaba tse ling ema Bajuda le Belarusians.

Donetsk sebakeng ke moeta-pele ka ho ya ka ea baahi. Ke lehae la ho baahi ba limilione tse 4,5. E leng karolo ea motheo e na le Seukraine (50%), le Serussia Belarusians (42%), hammoho le Bajuda, Majeremane a, joalo-joalo Metse ho fetisisa habité ke metseng e meholo -. Donetsk Mariupol, le Kramators'k MAKEEVKA.

Ka naha ea Ukraine Luhansk sebopeho ea sechaba e sa tšoaneng ho feta libakeng tse haufi. Batho ba bangata ba feela Seukraine ke ba sechaba sefe (50%). Ba ile ba lateloa ke Russia (ka tlase ho 40%), Belarusians, Tatars, 'me ka holimo ho lihlopha tse ling tse lekholo tsa merabe. Lugansk sebakeng ke segokanyipalo baahi e Ranked bohlano ka Ukraine.

libaka boroa

Ka Zaporozhye sebakeng rena sechaba Seukraine (60%). sebakeng sena ho naha ke ea libakeng tseo tse seng kae, moo palo e khōlō ea batho ba nang le metso ea Russia (30%). Har'a manyenyane a mang ka khetholloa Belarusians le Bulgarians. Ea bobeli, e le busa, ba lula Primorye.

Ka sebakeng Kherson ka 1989, 82% ea Ukrainians. Hamorao, palo ena e ile ea eketseha ho 84,6%. Ea bobeli ke ile lula baahi Russia, empa ka selemo sa 2001 palo ea sechaba a bontša hore sebakeng sena ba fokotseha ka 33,8%. Har'a manyenyane tse ling li abelwa Crimean Tatars, Belarusians le lipalo.

Ka ho Mykolaiv sebakeng kabelo ea Ukrainians feta 75%. Libakeng leboea-bophirimela ea palo ea bona e fihla 90%. baahi ba Russia, ho na le ba ka bang 20%. Hape tse ngata tse Moldavians le Belarusians phelang karolong e ka leboea ea sebakeng seo.

Odessa sebakeng na 55% ya baahi ba Ukraine le 25% - Serussia. Har'a tse seng kae a manyenyane tse ding tsa setjhaba ke ho hlokahala hore ho khetha Bulgarians, Gagauz le Moldova. Hape, ka sebakeng Odessa na le Czechs, Bagerike, Maalbania le lipalo. Baahi ba matsoalloa a moo nka hoo e ka bang libakeng tsohle tsa lona e bohareng le e ka leboea.

Crimea le motse oa Sevastopol: oela ea 74,4% le 20,6% ya Ukrainians Russia ka sebopeho merabe tsa linaha tsena, tse setseng 5% - ka Crimean Tatars, Armenians, Majeremane, Bajuda Latvians, lipalo, Makorea, Estonians le ba bang hape phela mona. batho ba lichaba e tsoakiloeng, Tatars le Gypsies.

Banka e nepahetseng

Volyn sebakeng - le Bophirimela Ukraine. Sebopeho merabe ea baahi ba sebakeng sena ke hoo e ka bang junifomo ka lebaka la boemo ba eona libaka. E leng karolo e ka sehloohong ea baahi ba Seukraine (boholo ho feta 95%). Hape mona phela Russia (4%), lipalo (0.5%), le ba bang. Boemo bo tšoanang Lvov, Ivano-Frankivsk, Rovenskaya, Khmelnytsk, Vinnytsia, Chernihiv, Poltava, Sumskoy, Ternopil le Cherkasy libaka.

ya data palo ea sechaba ka selemo sa 2001 e bontša hore naha ea sebaka se Chernivtsi leo ho ahiloeng ho ke baemeli ba lichaba 80. Moo hoo e batlang e le baahi bohle e entsoe ka Ukrainians (75%). Ba ho rena likarolong tse ka leboea-bochabela le e ka bophirimela ea sebakeng seo. E lokela ho ile a bolela hore har'a baahi ba matsoalloa a moo se ka thōko lihlopha potlana-merabe kang Bessarabians, Hutsuls le Rusyns. E phelang pele haholo-holo karolong e ka leboea-ka bochabela, ka bobeli - sebakeng se ka bophirimela, 'me ea boraro - pakeng tsa linōka kepala le Nistru.

Bobeli kholo ka ho fetisisa sebakeng seo bochaba Chernovitsky - Romania (10%). Sena se lateloa ke Moldavians (hoo e ka bang 9%), le 7 feela% ea baahi ba na metso Serussia.

Transcarpathian sebakeng sa Ukraine tlatsang ka bochaba lichaba fapaneng phelang ka eona. Ena, ka mohlala, Hungary (12.5%) le Slovakia (tse 0.6%). matsoalloa - ya e le hantle, ho Ukrainians. Le ho tsoa kakaretso baahi ba ka leo ho na le tse fetang 80%. Ntle ho bona phela mona Russia (4%), Romanians, Gypsies, Majeremane, Belarusians, Mataliana le lichaba tse ling.

Ea baahi ba libakeng tse

Ukraine e na le e tsotehang ea palo ea linaheng tse ethnographic. E mong le e ba bona ba e tšoauoa ka setso motho, lineano le morabe. Ba bangata ba bona ba le bang ba naha e matleng a hae ho batho ba bang (mohlala, Pokut'a sebakeng Galicia). makala tsena kaofela sebopeho morao-rao tsa merabe ea libaka tsa Ukraine e ntseng e ama sebopeho bona le dipharologanyo. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore e ka sehloohong ea sechaba a manyenyane ka har'a naha, ho na le a mang a robeli:

- Russia (8 334.1 thous.);
- Belarusians (275.8 th,.);
- Moldavians (258.6 th,.);
- Crimean Tatar (248.2 th,.);
- Bulgaria (204.6 th,.);
- Hungary (156.6 th,.);
- Romania (151.0 th,.);
- lipalo (144.1 thous.).

The a manyenyane ka holimo lula hangata libakeng tse moeling oa naha, empa libakeng tse bohareng e laoloa ke Ukrainians.