Nako e telele lifofane Russia: histori le tlhaloso ea lifofane e

Nako e telele lifofane Russia ae phethang e ikhethang palo ya Air le mosolotogamaano mabotho tsa nyutlelie tsa Russia. Phahameng ka ho fetisisa Taelo sebedisa ho bua le a tshebetso le mosolotogamaano mathata ka Intercontinental le leoatle likhohlano sesole.

History ea Russia nako e telele lifofane

Histori ea Russia nako e telele ea lifofane e simoloha 12/23/1914, ha Moemphera Nicholas II o ile a ntša molao-taelo ho theha ea lefatše ho ea pele e mene-enjene lifofane tsa lebothong leo, e leng ba ne ba bitsoa "Ilya Muromets". E ne e le lekhetlo la pele a leka ea lefatše ho ea ho kopanya ea bombers sehlopha sa boima. E ile ea e molaoli lebothong leo M. V. Shidlovsky, ea ileng a ikopanya le matla a moea oa Lefapha Navy. Ka nako eo, e ne e le ho nka bohato molula-setulo oa Serussia Baltic carload fektheri, moo a ileng a hlahisa mochini moea "Ilya Muromets".

Nakong ea Pele ea Lefatše Ntoa, tsena nako e telele lifofane lifofane Russia entse mision ntoa tse fetang 400, ho akarelletsa le libomo tsa libaka tsa bohlokoa mosolotogamaano sera sa le sebakeng se scouting mabotho moqomo fatše. Ka 1917, ho lebothong leo e ne e ena diyuniti mane sesole le sebelisang likoloi tse fetang mashome a mabeli. ka linako tsohle tsa lifofane le 'ngoe feela e ile lahlehileng tshebetso ntoa.

Ntshetsopeleng ya lifofane nako e telele ka USSR

Ka September 1917, le lebothong leo ea bombers li ile tsa senngoa. Sefofane feela ho chesoa, kahoo ba ile ba ha a sera. Nako e telele lifofane Russia o ile a qala ho tsosolosa ka mor'a October Phetohelo. 22.03.1918 ile o ile a ntša molao-taelo oa Lekhotla la Commissars Batho, e leng se a bua ka ho thehoa ha ka Leboea ea Group airliners "Ilya Muromets" matla a ya diyuniti 3 sesole.

E mong sethaleng ya boleng ba tsoelo-pele ea tšimo ena ea lifofane tlile ka thirties ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli. Nakong ena, ba bacha Russia lebotho la ba hlometseng ka morao-rao likoloi teleskopbomlift lifofane bayemi Tupolev le Ilyushin. Ho tswa ho matsatsing a pele a ea Lefatše Ntoa ea II ea Russia lifofane tse hōle ka katleho phetha mision ntoa tebileng ka mor'a mela e sera, seo se ile a etsa monehelo oa bohlokoa haholo ho tlhōlo e khōlō fetang sera.

Lilemong tse ka mor'a ntoa, ntshetsopele ya aeronautics mosolotogamaano e fihla sethaleng se secha. Ka matsoho a ile a qala ho fumana lifofane morao-rao "Tu" le "IL", eo hona joale etsa e ka sehloohong ea ho nako e telele lifofane kajeno oa Federation le Serussia.

"Muromets Ilya" - ea lefatše ho ea pele mosolotogamaano bomber mata

bomber mata pele ba lefatše ba ne a etselitsoe le ho kenya letsoho ha e ikhethang lifofane moetsi I. I. Sikorskogo. Place se hlahang ho yona "Ili Muromtsa" - Russia-Baltic carload fektheri. Ka lekhetlo la pele sefofane se a ile ho ea fihla maholimong 12.10.1913, lifofane ho fihlela ka 1918 hlahiswa ka mokhoa oa thekiso e diphetolo tse sa tšoaneng. Nakong ea Pele ea Lefatše Ntoa, e mechine 23/12/1914 "Ilya Muromets" li ne li matlafaditswe ka lebothong leo le le leng feela - pele kopanetsoeng ntoa lifofane tsa lefatše. Ke ka lebaka leo ka December 23 Russia e ketekoa ka letsatsi la hōle lifofane Russia Air Force.

Lifofane "Muromets Ilya" li ne li sebelisoa e le bombers, tlhaselo kapa sehloela. Bomo likhetla ka behoa ka hare le ka ntle, fehlang hammoho fuselage ena. elektroniki srabatyvatel le lithunya mochini robeli li ne li beha ho sireletsa khahlanong le lifofane sera sa ile pele ntshetswa pele le sebelisoa ho lero projectiles. Qetellong ea Ntoa ea Lehae ea, le lifofane ho pholoha li ne li sebelisoa bakeng sa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ea poso le mopalami sephethephethe ka tsela Moscow - Eagle - Kharkiv. Lifofane "Ilya Muromets" ka fihla lebelo palo e kahodimodimo ea 130 km SE / H. bophahamong bona siling e ile ea fihla 3200 limithara, sefofane hole - ho fihlela ho 560 dikhilomitha, le palo e kahodimodimo ho tsamaea nako e ne e le ka 4.4 lihora.

The sefofane "TB-3" - pele oa Soviet Union nako e telele bombers

Ntshetsopeleng ya pele Soviet bomber mata nako e telele ba ile ba qala ka 1925. Se ka 1930, mochine o ea hae, e neng e le lekunutu tšoauoa "bohloa-6", o ile a nka ho fihla maholimong. Pele seriale lifofane "TB-3" o entse ho sefofane lona ka 1932. lifofane tsena li ne li sebelisoa e le bombers, lipalangoang sesole le lulisa sekepe.

Mosolotogamaano mechine "TB-3" li ipakile nakong likhohlano sesole linaheng tse sa tšoaneng. Qetellong ea bo-1930, mabapi le tsoelo-pele ea moea tshireletso le moloaneli lifofane, mechine se felloe ke nako, 'me ka 1938 ho hlahisoeng bona felile. Ho sa tsotellehe sena, ho mosolotogamaano lifofane "TB-3" ho phetha mision ntoa nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše.

Ka lekhetlo la tlhahiso ea tsohle tse fetang 800 lifofane tsa diphetolo tse fapa-fapaneng li ne li entsoe. Joalo mochini a ena le ho e ntlafetseng ya litšobotsi tse botekgeniki: lebelo lona lebetsoeng le e ile ea fihla 380 km SE / H, sefa bophahamo ka finyella ho fihlela ho 7000 limithara ka mefuta e fapaneng ea eona ea ka 3 likete Km.. The sefofane "TB-3" o ne a khona ho tšoara ho fihlela ho lithane tse 2 liqoso bomo.

"IL-4" - motheong oa lifofane nako e telele ka e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa

Nako e telele bombers, codenamed "CDB-26" qala ho etsoa ka CB S. V. Ilyushina mathoasong 1930s. The mochine pele sefofane ka 1935. E ne e entsoe ka kaho tiileng tšepe le nang le mapheo duralumin molecular. The fuselage na le sebopeho streamlined le ne e oval leketla sefapanong karolo. Fapaneng filtara mochine ne ho fihlela ho 3 sekete. Km. Basebetsi bao ba e ne e ena bakhanni tse tharo, 'me armament lona itšireletsa a emeloa ke lithunya mochini tse tharo. Sampole pontšo e ile ea etsahala ka 1936, 'me o fana ka tlhahiso le boima e se tseba ka 1938. mechine tsena na dienjini e ncha, e le hore lebelo la ho fihlela ho 445 km SE / H. Bomo mojaro ne 2,5 ton, li ne li boetse ea ntlafala thepa itšireletsa sefofaneng sa. Lifofane Russia nako e telele ea lifofane, "IL-4" bakeng sa lebelo le sefofane mefuta e fapaneng e ne e le molemo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka nako e 'ngoe.

Hape, bakeng sa Air Force ea Navy motheong oa mochine jwalo ileng ba bōptjoa torpedo "DB-3T" e reretsoe ho timetsa liphofu sesole sa metsing le fairways meepo. Lifofane "DB-3T" ea e-ba ea pele ea Serussia boima ea mohlala eo ka phetha mesebetsi e itseng sebakeng seo.

Nakong WWII lifofane "IL-4" e ne e le motheong oa Russia nako e telele ea lifofane, a phethang liphutuho ka morao tse tebileng tsa sera, ho echelons sesole thepa le airfields. Bakeng sa ho hlahisa tsohle nako o ile a lokolloa e fetang 7 sekete. Version Tšoaneng ea bomber mata tsomo.

"Tu-4" - pele Russia moea microcyteme ba libetsa tsa nyutlelie

Hang-hang ka mor'a bofelo ba Ntoa ea II ea Russia nako e telele ea lifofane e lula ka ntle ho mechine e hlokahalang. Ka nako eo, "IL-4" Air lijana mafahla-enjene di khathetse menyetla bona theknoloji mohlodi. Tshwanelanang ne e le potso ea ho bōpa mofuta o mocha oa bomber mata mosolotogamaano. Kahoo e ne e le sefofane "Tu-4" - piston mochine, e leng kopi ikamahanya le maemo tsa US moea ntoa sekepe "B-29".

bomber mata ena ea pele o ile a nka ho fihla maholimong ka 1947, 'me ka moea oa sefofane o ile a qala ho phalla ka 1949. The ntshetsopele ya taba ea mechine joalo o ile a fa naheng e lifofane morao-rao,' me a tlisa mofuta o mocha oa baeta-pele ba Soviet Union ka mosolotogamaano lifofane. "Tu-4 'ne a ena le lebelo palo e kahodimodimo ea wa 558 km SE / H, bophahamo ba filtara 11 e ne e le 200 m' ho 6200 limithara telele. Mochine ea joalo o na le tse ncha hlometseng. tonnes fetang 11 of payload ka nka ka boto lifofane Russia Air Force. Nako e telele ea lifofane e fumanweng e ncha buka e ikhethang moemeli le bokhoni ba ho tsoela pele boto ea eona ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie tse kang "ile phone-3."

"TU-16" - pele sefofane sa jete le sefofane sa Russia nako e telele lifofane

"TU-16" ke pele Russia mosolotogamaano lifofane nako e telele sefofane ho ba le enjene jete. Morero oa mochine ena - the tharollo ya maikemisetso a tse fapa-fapaneng mosolotogamaano. Design baenjiniere Tupolev qala mosebetsi oa ka ho bōptjoa ha lifofane ka 1950, 'me se a ntse a 27 April 1952 ka mochine pele o nka ho fihla maholimong. Qetellong ea selemo sa lifofane ba e qala ka tlhahiso ea batho ba bangata. Mechine "TU-16" ka lekhetlo la pele ba ile ba e mong oa mosolotogamaano lifofane ka 1954

Moralo oa lifofane tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha ka hoholoa bohareng ba bo-lepheo le mohatla oa sebopeho tšoanang. The fuselage sefofaneng le ne le ena le liphaposi tse hlano 'me o na e le chitja le sefapano se karolo. bomber mata ezalaki na mwa ndako tšoauoa ka botšepehi ba phahameng, e se e arotsoe ka liphaposi tse peli le matlafatsoa khalase armored le lipoleiti sireletsang. lifofane basesisi ne e ena le bakhanni ba tšeletseng. The dienjini o ka sehloohong oa koloi e ne e le tse peli tse turbojet hlongoa diphetolo tse sa tšoaneng. Bomber mata ka etsa ho fihlela ho lithane tse 9 tsa libomo tseo li ne li kenngoa ka lekareche e tšoanang. Hape, "TU-16" ka letsoho la tse peli tse nang le mapheo tataisoang metsu kang "nt-1".

Model "TU-16" e ile ea e-ba atleha hoo ba qala ho hlahisa thehiloeng reconnaissance sefofane "Tu-16P" likepe-likepe tsa oli "Tu-163" le pele Russia lifofane lerumo rarahaneng "Tu-16K-10." Hape, bomber mata ena e ne e le mochine bakeng sa jete mopalami lifofane "Tu-104", eo ile a qala ho hlahisa ka 1964. Pele Russia mosolotogamaano Lata sefofane "TU-16" e nkoa e le sefofane se nako e telele phela ruuoang le linaheng tse ling. Ho ile hulwa tšebeletso ka 1994 feela.

"Tu-95MS" - motheong oa Russia nako e telele lifofane

"Tu-95MS" - e mosolotogamaano Russia nako e telele lifofane lifofane etselitsoeng bakeng sa lerumo le bomo literaeke ka beha dintho ema ka nako efe kapa efe ea letsatsi ho sa tsotellehe hore maemo a boemo ba leholimo. Mosebetsi oa ka moralo oa motheo ea mohlala sekepe "TU-95" ba qala ka 1950s pele. Ka 1956, tlhahiso sefofane pele kenela tšebeletso ya ka dipehelo tsa lifofane nako e telele.

Ka lebaka la ho ka potlako botjha thepa ea mosolotogamaano aeronautics United States, 'muso oa Russia a etsa qeto ea ho thehoa ha lifofane morao-rao e neng e ka ho phehisana le ea lifofane tsa Amerika. Ka 1981, e Russia nako e telele lifofane oona o kopanela palo ea sebjalebjale lifofane "Tu-95MS".

Kajeno, enjene ka sehloohong nako e telele sefofane ke Russia Air Force vysokoplanom le mane dienjini turboprop, tse teng ka mapheo a motsu hare. sekepe se a hlomelloa le diyuniti differential Gear ke eo potoloha ka litaelo bo fapaneng ba babeli hammoho ba bane-lehare masokoana. Basesisi ezalaki na mwa ndako e teng ka fuselage pele, ho ka ho feletseng tiisitsoe. Ho na le boetse ho na le la ntoa le ntloana.

Lerumo e hlomelloa le thepa ea kajeno radar, "Overview," leqepheng-boto tshireletso rarahaneng, tse akarelletsang tse etsahalang morao-rao tsa lienjiniere Russia sesole, hammoho le libetsa tsa khopisa le ho itšireletsa. Ka nako eo la Russia Air Force nang 60 lifofane "Tu-95MS" tsa diphetolo tse sa tšoaneng.

"Tu-160" - "White Swan" lifofane Russia nako e telele

Lifofane "Tu-160" ke ea kajeno supersonic lerumo bajari. Ka pelo ea moralo bona ke ho fetolwa thutatekanyong ea lepheo. Tsena baemeli ba Russia nako e telele ea lifofane e ka ama maikemisetso ea bohlokoa ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie tsa sera, esita le ka ho tebileng ka mor'a mela e le sera sa le likhohlano kontinenteng sesole.

Mosebetsi oa ka ho ne ho bōptjoa joalo mochine ntoa ba ile ba qala ka 1975. Baenjiniere ba qapile Tupolev supersonic mosolotogamaano bomber mata. Ka lebaka leo, "Tu-160" ileng ba bōptjoa - molecular monoplane le phahameng karolo e karo-karolelano lepheo, moo ho ne ho dimela matla ba bane. sefofane moralo lumella u ho beha tsohle lerumo le bomo armament ka liphaposi tšoanang ka hare. lifofane basesisi - bakhanni ba bane, e leng e fana ka pressurized ezalaki na mwa ndako ka nko ea bomber mata ena.

Pele teko lifofane li qalile ka 1981, 'me qetellong ea bo 1980 ka, tlhahiso mechine o ile a qala ho kena ka tšebeletso. Ho fihlela joale, lifofane "Tu-160" o na le molemo ka ho fetisisa sefofane tshebetso bapisoa le lithaka tsa lefatše lohle. Lebelo palo e kahodimodimo ea mochine ka ba bolelele ba ho fihlela ho 2000 km SE / H haufi fatše - 1030 km SE / H. E sebetsang bophahamong siling e ka finyella 16 km le sefofane mefuta e fapaneng -. Ho limithara tse 13.200 ka Serussia nako e telele lifofane armament na le likoloi tse 15. Ba bitsoa "White Swan".

Ka 2014, naha e keteka bohlokoa letsatsi - lilemo tse 100 tsa Russia nako e telele ea lifofane. ho ngoliloe ka tlase ka ho qaqileng le ho feta.

Letsatsi la nako e telele ea lifofane Russia Air Force

Holiday letsatsi bakeng sa Russia nako e telele bakhanni lifofane e 23 December. Ka 1999, ka taelo ea ho Molaoli ea letsatsi Russia Air Force Anatoliya Kornukova ile hlalosoa lifofane nako e telele ka ho Russia. Letsatsi December 23, se khethiloeng ke monyetla. Hore ka letsatsi le tšoanang, pele moeeng lebothong leo "Ilya Muromets" ho ile ha thehoa ka 1914.

2014 e neng e le sehopotso - lilemo tse 100 nako e telele lifofane Russia. Tabeng ena, ho bile le makhetlo a mangata e khethehileng. Ketsahalo e bohlokoa ka keteka lilemo tse lekholo e ne e le sibolloa ha e 'maloa ea liemahale inehetseng ho ka sehloohong hlollang matla a ya Air Force. Ho kopanela tshebetso ena e amohetsweng le Board of kileng ba sebeletsa ba Russia nako e telele ea lifofane.

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Hona joale, nako e telele ea lifofane tse Russia, ka lebaka la Tšebeletso tsa lona ho ntat'a, o na le tokelo ea ho bitsoa ka sehloohong hlollang matla a ya Russia Air Force. unit trust ena ke ea bohlokoa mosolotogamaano pokello ea Phahameng Taelo. Air detachment, e ka rarollang mesebetsi sesole, ho sa tsotellehe sebaka sa libopeho tsa Sepheo mosolotogamaano, ho ke ke e hōle Russia lifofane. 2014 e ne e le selemo sa Jubile bakeng sa diyuniti Air Force. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, e le hore 's ha naha keteka lilemo tse 100 ho tloha motheo oa lifofane nako e telele.