Mountains karolelano bophahamo le mehlala. le lithabeng tlhophiso

Mountains tse fapaneng: baholo le ba banyenyane, majoe le bataletseng, kupolopodobnymi le nchocho. Ba bang ba bona ba koahetsoeng ka meru e teteaneng, ha ba bang - pheleng Lejoe placers. Empa a sehloohong sena a re tla bua ka bophahamo ba bona. Seo le lithabeng tse kakaretso, le tse nkoang e phahameng?

Eketseha e le mokhoa oa liphallelo esita le ka

Pele ho tsohle ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho araba potso ea hore na thabeng. Ena ke mofuta o nepahetseng ka liphallelo, tšoauoa ka e bohale le ka thōko ho ts'ehetsana area. Ka ho sareloa ka efe kapa efe ka ho hlaka amahanngoa likarolo tse tharo tsa sehlooho:

• tlhorong;
• setuloana;
• letsoapong.

tsamaiso e khopo efe kapa efe thabeng ea lefatše - ha ho letho le empa tsamaiso e rarahaneng ea liphula (troughs) le maporogo, e bopilweng ka ba bangata ba divertise motho. Kaofela ha bona ke liponahatso Link ba mabotho a ka hare (e se nang sesosa) ea Lefatše - mekhatlo tectonic crustal le mosebetsi ha seretse se chesang.

Mountains bopa holim'a naha ntle ka ho fetisisa le o ikhethang polanete ea rōna. Di tšoauoa ka e mosa ea koahela sekoahelo mobu, limela le liphoofolo e ikhethang. Empa batho ba lula lithabeng le leqe ho fetisisa. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ba ka bang 50% ea baahi ba lefatše e lula ka bophahamong sa feteng limithara tse 200 ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle.

le lithabeng Classification ka geomorphology. Mountain kakaretso, e tlase le phahameng

Saense geomorphological ho go arologana lithabeng tseo ka makhetlo a mabaka :. Age, bophahamo, sebaka libaka, ea Genese, mokgwa wa litlhōrō, jj ..

Ho ea ka hlahang ho yona bona ba ka 'na ba tectonic, seretse se chesang le denudation ea lilemo - khale kapa ba banyenyane. Le mocha ke tsamaiso e mong lithaba, sebopeho sa e leng lilemo tse ka tlase ho limilione tse 50. Ho latela Geological ke lilemo tse nyenyane haholo.

Sebopeho sa tlhōrō ea eona ea thaba ke tsena:

• o ile a bua;
• Dome;
• sehlabeng-joaloka ( "Lethathamo").

Height holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, jeokrafi khetholla lithaba:

• tlaase;
• mahareng;
• phahameng.

Ka linako tse ling ka lingoliloeng tseo li ka fumanoa le mefuta e lipakeng phahameng-phahama, tse kang e bohareng kapa mahareng le lithabeng tlaase phahameng. Hang-hang e le habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lithaba karolelano bophahamo ka fumanoa karolo efe kapa efe ea lefatše. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba bona ba Europe le Asia.

Bohareng Mountain: mehlala e le bophahamo

limithara tse 8848 - letšoao fihla tlhōrō phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng - Qomolangma, kapa Everest. Bophahamo feletseng tsa lithaba mahareng le lintho tse ngata ho feta ba inyenyefatsang: ho tloha ho 1 ho 3 km ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle.

The mehlala tumme haholo mekoloko joalo lithaba - sena ke Carpathians, ho Appalachian Mountains, Tatras, Apennines, Pyrenees, Scandinavia le Drakensberg Mountains, oa Australia Alps, ho nafasi Planina. Ho na le lithaba tsa Central le ka hare ho Russia. Tsena ke Ural Mountains, Bochabela Sayan, Kuznetsk Alatau, Sikhote-Alin (tšoantšetsoang mona ka tlase) 'me ba bang.

E le karolo ea bohlokoa ea lithaba mahareng - ho ba teng ha libaka altitudinal. Ke hore, limela 'me e khabisitse naha mona o fetola le bophahamo.

Carpathians

Carpathians - kholo ka ho fetisisa ka boholo European oona tsamaisong lithaba koahela dinaheng robeli. Litsebi tsa puo, ba hlalosa tšimoloho ea lebitso la sona, o ile a etsa qeto ea hore sena se lebitso la sebaka nang le metso Indo-European le fetolela e le "lejoe", "lejoe".

Carpathians otlolla ka segopo le halofo km likete ho tloha Czech Republic ho Serbia. Le ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ena mefuta e fapaneng lithaba e leng ka naheng ea Slovakia (hill, Gerlachovský Peak, 2654 limithara). A e le hantle batla ho tseba: pakeng tsa Alps le li susumelletsa easternmost tsa Carpathians - km 15 feela.

Karpaty - lithabeng tseo bacha. Li ileng tsa bōptjoa ka Cenozoic. Leha ho le joalo, likemiso tsa bona tse boreleli le bonolo, hore ka ho fetisisa bath a khale-lilemo dibopeho Geological. Sena se ka hlalosoa ka ho ha e le hantle hore Carpaty advantageously stacked mafika bonolo (tjhoko, a lejoe la mokoetla, 'me letsopa).

tsamaiso e khopo lithaba e arotsoe likarolo tse tharo tlas'a maemo a: Bophirimela, Eastern (kapa Seukraine) le Southern Carpathians. Hape le ka ho hlophisoa lona kenyeletsa Transylvanian Plateau. Carpathian Mountains fapana ka toka phahameng seismicity. Mona ke seo ho thoeng ke libaka tsa Vrancea, e leng "e hlahisa" tšisinyeho ea lefatše ea lintlha tse 7-8.

Appalachians

Geomorphology hangata ho thoeng ke Appalachians tšoanang mafahla ba Carpathians. Ka ponahalo ha ba fapana haholo ho tloha nngwe le e nngwe tse ling tse. Appalachian Mountains ba sebakeng karolong e ka bochabela ea Amerika Leboea, ka hare ho linaha tse peli (US le Canada). Ba otlolle tloha Koung ea St. Lawrence le Koung ea Mexico ho ea ka boroa. Bolelele palo yohle ya lithaba - ka 2.500 km.

Ha Carpathians European - lithaba sa le banyenyane, e American Appalachians - tholoana ea pele ho moo Hercynian le Caledonian orogeny. Li ileng tsa bōptjoa ka bang limilione tse 200-400 lilemong tse fetileng.

Appalachian Mountains ruileng mehlodi ya tse sa tšoaneng matsoai. Mona ke ruileng koporo, asbestos, oli e tala, tšepe manya. Ntlheng ena, sena sebakeng se lithaba o boetse o atisa ho bitsoa ea histori "lebanta indasteri" ea US.

Australia Alps

E fellang kateng le hore Alps ke eseng feela ka Europe. Baahi ba nyenyane ka ho fetisisa 'me driest k'honthinente, hape, a ka tsamaea hloa ka Alps sebele. Empa feela Australia!

mefuta e fapaneng hona lithaba e teng karolong e ka boroa ea k'honthinente e. Sena ke moo ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa e feletseng ea ya Australia - Mount Kosciuszko (2228 limithara). Le ka matsoapo a lithaba tsena li simolohile nōka telele ka ho fetisisa ea k'honthinente - the Murray.

Alps Australia ka tsela e makatsang tse fapa-fapaneng ho latela landschap. Lithabeng tsena o ka fumana le lehloa-capped litlhōrō le tebileng phorosele tala, le matša le metsi e hlakileng. Matsoapo lithaba tse khabisitsoeng ka fanciful ponahalo majoe. The Alps Australia tse 'maloa bohehang lirapeng tsa boikhathollo naha le plesieroorde babatsehang le ski.

Qetellong

Hona joale hore u tseba seo ha e lithaba kakaretso, 'me seo - ke phahameng. Geomorphology ke mefuta e meraro ea tsamaiso ea lithaba bophahamo. le lithabeng mahareng na sebaka se phahameng sa ho tloha limithara tse 1000 ho 3000 ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Carpathian Mountains, ho Appalachian Mountains, ho Alps Australia - sena ke mehlala e ngata hlollang tsa mekoloko joalo lithaba lefatšeng.