Motlotlo oa lichelete ke eng?

Moruong, motse-moholo ke thepa ea motho ka mong kapa mokhatlo oa molao, o hlalositsoeng ka chelete (ka linako tse ling e le thepa). Ho na le dikgetho tse 'maloa tsa ho sebelisa setša sena:

• Bakeng sa merero ea botho.
• Bakeng sa ho boloka (ho reka thepa ea boholo-holo kapa lintho tsa boiketlo).
• Ho atisa.

Ntlafatso ea nako

Chelete ea lichelete (chelete) ke mohloli oa bophelo ba moruo, o nang le lichelete (litokomane tsa lichelete le chelete le chelete e seng chelete) le chelete ea sebele (mehloli e sebelisoang mesebetsing eohle ea moruo). Litsebi tsa moruo li tšoara khopolo ea "motse-moholo" ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng.

Litsebi tsa moruo li tšoara khopolo ea "motse-moholo" ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng. Bongata ba bona ba lumela hore khopolo ena e pharaletse haholo ho feta "chelete." Ka mohlala, Smith o fana ka litlhaloso tsa chelete e le chelete e itseng ea chelete le lintho tse ling. Ricardo o tsoela pele. O fetolela motse-moholo e le sebaka sa polokelo ea thepa. Ka nako e tsoanang, o lumela hore ho thata haholo ho eketsa theko ea chelete. Setsebi sa moruo Fischer se fetolela chelete e kholo ho thehoa ha litšebeletso tse theha phaello.

Ka lebaka leo, moralo oa lichelete ke chelete e ngata, e hlalositsoeng ke menyetla ea kelello, ea lintho tse bonahalang le ea lichelete, e sebelisoang ho eketsa palo ea thepa e hlahisoang.

Motse-moholo litabeng tsa likoloto, mokhoa o mong le o mong o sebelisetsoang matlotlo a mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng kapa o tiileng o amoheloa.

Tlhahisoleseding ea morao-rao ea maemo a moruo, chelete ea lichelete e arotsoe e le ea sebele, e hlahisoa ka mokhoa o nang le kelello le lisebelisoa, le chelete (chelete), e hlahisoa ka chelete le chelete e seng chelete le matšeliso.

Litsebi tsa moruo tsa morao-rao li phehella ka mofuta o mong oa lichelete - motho. E thehoa ka lebaka la monehelo ho bophelo bo botle le thuto ea basebetsi ba etsang mehloli ea mesebetsi ea khoebo.

Motheo oa motheo

Chelete ea lichelete ke chelete le chelete e seng chelete eo bo-rakhoebo ba e sebelisang khoebong. Tlhahiso ha e hlokahale feela bakeng sa matlotlo a thepa. Ntlha ea pele, chelete le chelete eo e seng ea chelete ka nakoana e sa sebetsoeng tlhahiso ea khoebo. Li hlokahala bakeng sa ho fumana thepa ea lichelete.

Malapa kapa mekhatlo, e sa sebelise ka botlalo chelete e fumanoang bakeng sa litlhoko tsa morao-rao, boloka karolo ea chelete. Ba kena limmarakeng tsa lichelete ho ea lirapeng tse ling kapa mekhatlo e ba sebelisang ho reka thepa ea lichelete. Ka hona, ho na le matsete. Khoebo e neng e sebelisitse motse-moholo oa khoebo e bolokang e lefa sekoloto sa mokoloto. Peresente ena ke theko ea chelete ea lichelete.

Ka moruo, limmaraka tsa lichelete li nkoa li e-na le tlhōlisano e phethahetseng. Sena se bolela hore ha ho bafani kapa mekhatlo e fumaneng letsete le nang le matla a ho susumetsa phaello ea phaello ka ho fetola palo ea chelete e behiloeng kapa ho fetola tlhoko ea bona. Ka hona, tekanyo ea maruo ea isostatic e thehoa nakong ea tlhōlisano e ntle ea bobeli ba lichelete le ba pholosang.

Tlhoko ea chelete ea lichelete ke ho itšetleha ka tefo ea thahasello bakeng sa matsete. Litefiso li fokotsehile, ho na le tekanyo e kholo ea letsete. Palo ea litlhahiso tse tsoang ho lifeme-ba pholosang le tsona li itšetlehile ka tekanyo ea thahasello: e phahame, e phahamisa chelete e ngata.

Tlhahiso ea chelete ea lichelete

Chelete ea lichelete e tsejoa e le litokomane tsa chelete le chelete le chelete e seng chelete. Ka nako e tsoanang, litokomane tsa bohlokoa e le sehlopha li tsejoa ka botlalo e le chelete ea lichelete. Chelete ea chelete le e seng chelete e ke ke ea nkoa e le joalo ka botlalo. Motlotlo oa lichelete ha o kenyelelitsoe ka chelete e fanoang ke baahi ba naha, lichelete tsa lichelete tsa mekhatlo e sa tšoaneng le mekhatlo, hammoho le karolo ea bohlokoa ea lichelete litabeng tsa khallano le libanka (ha e ntse e tsoela pele ho tsamaisa lik'hamphani). Ke karolo feela ea chelete ena, e tšepisitsoeng ka mekhahlelo kapa esale pele, e ka oela tlas'a sehlopha sa "chelete ea lichelete ea mekhatlo." Karolo eo ea mehloli ea lichelete ea mekhatlo e sebelisoang e le chelete ea penshene kapa ea inshorense e ka ba karolo ea chelete ea lichelete.

Setšoantšo sena se bonts'a moralo oa chelete o batlang o lekanngoa.

Lintho tsa moruo

Ho thehoa ha moruo "chelete ea lichelete" ho ile ha halefisoa ke tlhokahalo ea lichelete. Ha re nahana ka mohlala oa potoloho moruong, motho a ka bona hore mekhatlo e qeta karolo ea thepa ea tsona litabeng tsa lichelete mabenkeleng le chelete bakeng sa litšenyehelo tsa tefo ea thepa ea moruo le litsenyehelo tsa morao-rao, 'me tse ling li na le litokomane tsa chelete' me li boloka libanka bakeng sa ho sebelisa chelete. Malapa a boetse a ipokella ho boloka chelete le ho etsa litefello tse sa tšoaneng, ho kenyeletsa lekhetho. Bakeng sa merero ena, ba boetse ba bula litlaleho libaneng, ka lichelete le ho ba le matšeliso. Mmuso, e le moemeli oa bophelo ba moruo, o tsamaisa litšenyehelo bakeng sa lits'ebeletso, litšehetso le thepa, o phethahatsa lichelete tsa lichelete tsa mmuso mme o fetisa matšeliso a eona. Lichelete, inshorense le penshene, ho kenya letsoho moruong oa moruo, ho fokotsa likotsi tse hlahelang nakong ea mesebetsi ea sechaba le tsa moruo, ha ho ntse ho e-na le mesebetsi e meng ea nakoana e sa sebetsoeng.

Mehleng ea kajeno

Nakong ea moruo oa kajeno, chelete ea lichelete ke chelete ea sebele. Sena se bakoa ke hore matšeliso le phaello ea chelete li fetisetsoa chelete e sebetsang e sebetsang le thepa e tsitsitseng.

Mona ho hlokahala hore u nahane hore chelete ea lichelete ha e phalle ho ea sebele. Ka mohlala, malapa a mang naheng ea habo rona a boloka thepa ea bona e sebetsang ka chelete e tsoang linaheng tse ling. Ts'ebeliso ea moruo ea karolo ea moruo ea sebele e boetse e fetoha chelete ea lichelete. Sena se ka etsahala, ka mohlala, ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha chelete e tsitsitseng ka lebaka la ho fokotsa chelete ea ho fokotseha, e oelang litlalehong libaneng. Ho phaella moo, chelete ea lichelete e tlatsetsoa ke liente tsa chelete tsa kamehla (theko e le 'ngoe ea matšeliso). Ho latela sena ho latela hore chelete ea lichelete e sebetsa ka tsela e tšoanang le motse-moholo.

Foromo ea lichelete

Joalokaha ho hlakile ho tse boletsoeng ka holimo, chelete ea lichelete ke kabelo ea lichelete tsa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng 'me o tlisa chelete e itseng. Ke hore, ke lichelete tse tsoetseng pele le (kapa) tsa matsete, tse reretsoeng ho etsa phaello. Motsoako oa lichelete oa khoebo ke motheo oa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng le o hlahisoang. Ke motse-moholo o khethollang boleng bohle ba lichelete tsa khoebo matleng a se nang thepa le boitsebiso le matlotsetlong a thepa.

Nakong ea mosebetsi, chelete ea lichelete e sebetsa e le guarantor ea lithahasello tsa mokhatlo le naha. Ka lebaka lena, ke ntho e ka sehloohong ea tsamaiso ea lichelete ea mokhatlo, 'me baokameli ba lefapha la lichelete ba lokela ho shebella bokhoni bo phahameng ba tšebeliso ea eona.

Lipontšo tsa chelete ea lichelete

Lichelete tsa lichelete le lichelete li kopanngoa. Ho tsoelapele ho sena, ho na le matšoao a 'maloa a lichelete tsa mokhatlo.

Tšebelisano

Mona, motse-moholo o fapana ka boeona 'me o alimiloe. Ka motse-moholo oa eona , ho ka khoneha ho ahlola kakaretso ea chelete ea khoebo (e leng tlas'a litokelo tsa botho tsa khoebo). E kenyeletsa polokelo, chelete e eketsehileng, chelete ea molao le ho boloka moputso.

Melao ea molao, kapa theko ea lichelete - ke chelete e fokolang ea thepa ea bona, e leng tiiso bakeng sa bareki. Boholo ba eona bo boletsoeng tumelong ea mokhatlo (bonyane bo behiloe boemong ba molao oa federal).

Motlotlo o eketsehileng o na le tekanyo ea phetoho ea thepa e bonahalang ea khoebo, bophelo ba bohlokoa bo fetang selemo. Hape motseng ona ke litekanyetso tse sa lefelloeng tse fumanoang ke khoebo, chelete e fumanoeng ho feta tekanyetso e fokolang ea matšeliso a behiloeng le chelete e meng ea chelete e oelang tlas'a sehlopha sena.

Motse-moholo ke ho bokella likhaello tsa chelete e amohelitsoeng ho ketsahalo e sa lebelloang: ho lahleheloa ha litheko, ho lopolloa ha likarolo, joalo-joalo. Chelete ea ho fokotsoa e laoloa ke molao.

Motlotlo oa lichelete ke phaello ea khoebo, e leng karolo ea eona ea motheo ka ho fetisisa.

Chelete ea lichelete - chelete kapa thepa e meng ea bohlokoa, e khahloang ke ho khutlela ho ntlafatsa mesebetsi ea mokhatlo.

Ho kenya chelete

Motheong oa dipeeletso o khetholla phapang pakeng tsa basebetsi le chelete e tsitsitseng.

Karolo ea motse-moholo o sebeliselitsoeng thepa e tsitsitseng le thepa e seng ea hona joale, 'me e na le chelete e tsitsitseng. Motlotlo oa lichelete o kenyelletsa chelete e tsoanelang.

Lintho tsohle tse bonahalang le tse sa bonahaleng tse kenyelletsoeng lichelete tsa mokhatlo oa lichelete li ntse li lekana kamehla. Ho tsoelapele ho sena, ho ka khoneha ho o arola ka mokhoa oa sebaka sebakeng se latelang sa kakaretso. Ena ke mokhoa oa lichelete, o hlahisang le thepa.

Foromo ea chelete ke letsete. Lichelete tsa lichelete li ka ba lihlahisoa tse fokolang. Leha ho le joalo, ba fetoha litholoana.

Nakong ea lihlahisoa, likhaello tsa lichelete li kena ka mokhoa oa thepa (mosebetsi, litšebeletso).

Mohato oa boraro, oa ho qetela - chelete ea thepa e fetoha chelete ka ho rekisa thepa (litšebeletso kapa mesebetsi).

Ka tsela e tšoanang le mekhoa ena ea chelete, bohlokoa ba eona bo fetoha.

Tsamaiso ea chelete ea lichelete

Mosebetsi ona o atisa ho bua le lefapha la tsamaiso ea mekhatlo le mekhoa ea ho laola mehloli ea lichelete. Ho etsa sena, mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng o lokela ho thehoa leano la nakoana le la nakoana la lichelete. Tataiso e ka sehloohong ea eona e lokela ho ba khahloa le ho abeloa ha chelete hantle.

Tsamaiso ea chelete ea lichelete e reretsoe ho rarolla mesebetsi e mengata ea motheo.

1. Boikemisetso ba tekanyo e hlokahalang ea boholo ba chelete.
2. Ho kenya letsoho (haeba ho hlokahala) karolo e sa lefelloeng ea phaello kapa khatello ea likarolo ho eketsa palo ea tekano.
3. Ho thehoa le ho phethahatsa pholisi ea likhaolo le moralo oa khang ea kabelo.

Ts'ebetso ea pholisi ea lichelete e etsahala ka mekhahlelo e mengata.