Letsatsi le letsatsi Magic: Vanilla lipalesa ka bophelo ba rōna

Vanilla monko o tsamaea le rona bophelo ba rona bohle: ho tloha bongoaneng re hopola monko oa libiskiti monate Vanilla, mocha re tloaelana le litlolo tse nkhang hamonate kharebe kapa ratang hao monko o monate. Mofuthu le matšeliso emanates le e mong le la hopola lintho le! Ha e le ea khale, bo-rasaense ba fumane hore monko hore exudes Vanilla lipalesa le monko o matla tswang litholoana tsa semela sena, ho khutsisa le phello e thobang ka tsamaiso ea methapo ea batho. Ha batho ba 'nileng tsejoang ka semela sena, e leng e ntse e hōla le lipalesa le hore na maemo a hlokahala bakeng sa eona? Sehlooho sena se tla leka ho u bolella ka lipalesa sena e le mametsana Vanilla, photo photo photo photo ea eona e hlahisa mona ka tlase, hammoho le ho araba lipotso tsohle.

A histori hanyane

Vanilla belegetswe ke Amerika Bohareng, moo e ne e haholo tsa bohlokoa ka ho batho ba moo - ho Maaztec, ea ileng a sebelisa ho ntlafatsa palatability tsa seno e halalelang - the mochine oa chokolete ea kajeno.

The European pele ho latsoa le flavors ea linoko, e ne e le Hristofor Kolumb, ba tšoaroa chokolete le noa le 'musi ea moo. Hore Columbus a tlisa Vanilla ho Europe, moo tatso lona tiea ile rated pele linaheng tse kang Spain, Austria le Italy. Masepanishe, kaha o ne a rata Vanilla monko 'me a fumana ho tswa ho rekisa pods phaello noa ho tloha meloko Mexico ho fetisisa ea sethabathaba ke litholoana, thehoa ka mor'a ho ba lerootho ea Vanilla lipalesa. lilemo tse makholo ho feta tse tharo tsa 'muso Spain e ne e le diromelwantle bohatong le morekisi oa lintho tse Vanilla ka World Khale. Ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse phahameng le ho rarahana le fana linaheng tse ling ba ile ba kopana le linōko ena e nyenyane hamorao. Ho joalo, mathoasong a lilemo XVII, Vanilla qala ho li ekeletsoa thepa apehoa, hammoho le ho tsuba lona tatso metsoako tsa lipeipi le lino tse tahang.

makgetheng botaniki

Vanilla, hantlentle ho feta - Vanilla mametsana - feela moemeli oa lelapa mametsana (Orchidaceae), litholoana, tseo ba ka mafolofolo sebelisoa ke batho. Sub-mefuta ea dimela ena, letsoalloa libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo tsa hemispheres bobeli ea lefatše, ho na le ka bang 100. Ka Vanilla e hōlileng ka ka tekanyo e khoebo ho dihlopha tsohle tse tharo:

• planifolia;
• pompona;
• tahitensis.

Bakeng sa lintlha tse eketsehileng mabapi le e mong le e ba bona ba tla bolella hamorao.

All Vanilla - ho bala lifate tsa morara, e leng maemo a likoluoa tsa tlhaho li ka finyella limithara tse 40. Ka tlhaho, ba parasitic ka lifate cocoa le masimong ba kenya props khethehileng kapa a lema latelang ho bona lifate dracaena ha ba utloe bohloko ho tswa ho joalo tikolohong. Vanilla lifate tsa morara hōla ka potlako haholo, khōlo ea ka khoeli e fetileng ka fihla ho fihlela ho le mitha ka. From herbaceous lehlaka Vanilla eaba ba etsa nako ya kgolo ya metso ea le plurality ea moea, thusa ho khomarela dimela le e neng e tšoaretsoe lifate. Makhasi a ena mametsana linama, oval-lanceolate.

Le leholo le le e ntle haholo lephoka Vanilla lipalesa, lifoto tsa e leng e ka bonoa ka tlase, bokella ka borashe le penta ka mmala bosehla tala. Perianth na le le mahlaku a tšeletseng, e 'ngoe ea tseo e phuthoa ka phaephe le e bopa le "molomo", tse pistil patiloeng le stamen feela. Similar lipalesa sebopeho etsa hore ho le thata ho nyalisa limela, e leng ho ka etsa mofuta le 'ngoe feela ea linotši ea moo' me hummingbird.

Vanilla lithunthung ka selemo sa boraro sa bophelo ba hae, le e mong le e lipalesa lulang letsatsi le le leng feela. Ovary, eo theha lipalesa fumana peo e ba Vanilla, ho ntshetsa pele e telele haholo: ho tloha 7 ho likhoeli tse 9 - le theha e moqotetsane o molelele o cylindrical tholoana bolelele ba 10 - 30 cm, ka hare le e sootho 'ngoe-lekareche lebokose le tletse dipeo sootho-ba batsho nyane .. dimela tsena hlahisa litholoana bakeng sa nako e telele, lilemo tse 20 ho ea ho 50.

mefuta

Fetoletsoe ho tloha Latin ka puo Russia bolela Vanilla "Poto e", le kajeno mefuta e meraro ea dimela ba hōlileng ka bakeng sa linoko tse ngata li ratang. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore Vanilla lipalesa hore li fumanoa Amerika Bohareng, e ne e le progenitors tsa mefuta eohle sebelisoa kajeno.

Vanilla planifolia

Kahoo, atileng ka ho fetisisa le nang le matla 'me monate ka ho fetisisa monko o monate oa Vanilla planifolia e ntse e hōla Amerika Bohareng, Indonesia, Caribbean le Madagascar. Lipalesa tsa mefuta ena e na le e matla le ho tiea monko o monate, fumana peo e artificially. Litholoana tsa semela sena kotuloa ka letsoho, e ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka ho pheha le ho litlolo.

Vanilla pompom

Tlase tloaelehile 'me monko o monate ke seo ho thoeng ke Antilles Vanilla - Vanilla pompona, hōlileng ka ho Mexico le Panama, hammoho le tse ling tse linaheng tse Amerika Bohareng. mofuta ona e sebediswa maemong a mangata ka sebōpeho sa sefa ho indasteri e lijo.

Setahiti Vanilla

mofuta o mong oa mametsana, eo ditholwana li sebelisoa ho pheha, e fumanweng ka lebaka la ho tšela Vanilla planifolia le pompona Setahiti Vanilla - Vanilla tahitensis JWMoore. Hola semela sena lihlekehlekeng tsa French Polynesia, hammoho le ba bang ba tse ling tse libaka e ka boroa ea Leoatle la Pacific. The pods ea mofuta ona e na le e nyenyane palo ya vanillin, empa boholo ba metsoako e meng tatso - heliotropine. Ka lebaka Vanilla tahitensis e na le monko o le bonolo 'me ha aa tiea le predominance tsa litholoana le lintlha Kukat. , Ho phaella ho kopo culinary, lipalesa tse ntle le monko o monate hola tahitensis Vanilla bakeng flavoring le mokhabiso oa libakeng tse fapaneng.

Moo e ntse e hōla?

Haeba pele Vanilla e ntse e hōla feela ka likarolo tse itseng tsa Amerika Bohareng, empa kajeno e hōlileng ka linaheng tse ngata tsa libakeng tsa tropike. Bakeng sa khōlo e tloaelehileng 'me tsoelo-pele ea semela sena e hloka mongobo le chesang boemo ba leholimo. Ka tsela eo limela hloka mocheso ha ho e phahameng ho feta 30 ⁰ C le se tlaase ho feta 15 ⁰ C le mongobo a lakatsa ka bang 80%. mefuta eohle ea Vanilla haholo batla bakeng sa mobu: e tlameha ebe friable le ruileng dintho manyolo, e lumellang metsi ho kena ntle moea le metsi.

Kajeno, Vanilla e lengoa linaheng tse ngata tikolohong eo ho tloha ho likhato tse 10 ho ea ho 20, ho tloha equator: Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, United States, le West African States le lihlekehlekeng tsa French Polynesia.