Lesapo la mokokotlo ka motho: mohaho. Cervical lesapo la mokokotlo lenaneng la karohano

lesapo la mokokotlo a batho, ka mantsoe a mang, e karolong e ngotsoeng vertebral, ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea masapo tšehetsa. Ho e hahoa ea vertebrae motho tse secured hammoho ka e kopanetsoeng intervertebral, le simoloha ho tloha e le setsi sa lehata, e leng o khomaretse e vertebra pele, e bitsoang atlelase. emisa ena ke e etsoang ka mechine ka atlanto-axial le atlanto-occipital manonyeletso. Nonrigid mofuta komponeng e na le lengolo la e khōloanyane ea mahala sisinyehang. Likarolong tse ka tlaase tsa lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo oa motho a hoo e ka bang ema, mona mahlakoreng amanang ho noka lesapo la noka ya ho sebedisa manonyeletso sacroiliac.

Lesapo la mokokotlo: Anatomy

Lesapo la mokokotlo oa batho o sebopeho lona na 5 likarohano likarolo. Kamoo vertebrae ka lesapo la mokokotlo batho ba bangata? Nepahetse ka karabelo ha e yo. Ho bophelo bo botle e tletseng ho tloha 32 ho ea 34 vertebrae, hobane palo ea tsona ka batho lesapo la mokokotlo lenaneng la ke ka ho toba e itšetlehileng ka sebopeho sa ho qetela (coccygeal) karolo, ho kenyeletswa le a mabeli ho a mane rudimentary, tse oo re o filoeng ke baholo-holo ba rōna ho tloha lefatšeng liphoofolo.

bends

Ka tsela e tloaelehileng, bophelo bo botle ke ha ka ho feletseng bataletseng, empa o na le etsang kou fisioloji la mokokotlo. Human anatomy ena baka la maemo a bakeng sa ho pholosa ba ho leka-lekana ea liketso tsa paatsepama le tolerability hlabang tsa likoloi. Ho utloisisa hantle hore na joang bends teng ka lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo oa 'mele oa motho, e ke ho hlokahala hore ho nahana ka leqheka la le ho utloisisa se boleloang ke ho sebopeho anatomical ya sebopeho le ho tloaela ho etsa.

Ka palo yohle ho na le tse 'nè tse ka lesapo la mokokotlo kobang ka boemo e tloaelehileng: 2 - ventral (khr, ba kobang pele), 2 - dorsal (ka ba kobang morao). Ho phaella moo batho lesapo la mokokotlo etsang kou ba le kamano le mele, khafetsa boemo pathological oo mofuta o nepahetseng oa lenaneng la e ntse bang tshusumetso tloha khumama ena feta phetoho le phetoho ka tsela e tšoanang ba etsa mele. Ho phaella moo, sebopeho sa liphetoho bohloko tebisa etsang kou tlwaelehileng tse teng boemo ba motho ba phetse hantle. Ebe ntlafatsoa kobang botebo karete ho khetheha, ka lebaka la mokhoa ona hlahisa liphetoho tse lekanang ka likarolo tse ling tsa lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo.

Mafapha e le karolo ea karolong e ngotsoeng lesapo la mokokotlo

Lesapo la mokokotlo e arotsoe ka likarolo tse hlano: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral (sacrum), coccyx.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore batho masapo etsang kou lenaneng la ba le kamano le mokokotlo. Lumbar le lesapo la mokokotlo cervical tse kobehileng ka tataiso pele (kapa lordozis), thoracic le sacral latellana ka morao (kapa kiphosis).

Lesapo la mokokotlo cervical na le lilemo tse supileng vertebrae arohaneng, 'me e na le le matla a tlhaho ho le tsamaiso ka ho fetisisa. The ka bophelo bo botle 'mele oa motho o khona ho hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ya oblique le mekhatlo oa rotary oa hlooho ea ka, e rotational motsamao oa molaleng karolo le ho kheloha ka ho lekaneng khōlō. Sena se fetoha le maemo a hlollang baka sebōpeho sa karolo cervical, hantlentle feta moo, originality tsa pele vertebrae tse peli:

• ho atlelase, e leng e fana le arches tse peli, ho nang 'mele;

• epistrophe na ka sebopeho odontoid lona lesapo, ho pota fetileng hlahisitseng mokhatlo rotational tsa atlelase ena.

morpheme

Sebōpeho sa lesapo la mokokotlo thoracic ke ho le bonolo ka ho fetisisa. Lesapo la mokokotlo ka vertebrae thoracic akarelletsa ho leshome le metso e radiating ikutloeleng ea metshetshe. Holim'a pel'a khopo 'mele na mabapi ka sternum ea' me kahoo theha thoeng sefubeng - sebopeho ka thibelo e ka tšeptjoang ea litho bohlokoa ka hare - pelo le matšoafo. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore sebōpeho sa karolo thoracic tsa poso tsa botho bo tšoanang le ba vertebrates mammalian. All leshome le metso e vertebrae thoracic likarolo tse tšoanang ka sebopeho anatomical. oela feela ho sebakeng lumbar, 'mele vertebral atolosa ka boholo' me a etsa ho feta maholohali.

Lumbar karolo le sacrum

The lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo (sebopeho) ya lumbar ho baka la maemo a bakeng sa ho etsa mefuta e fapaneng ya liketso tsa dilenaneo - mele fellang kateng, dithetologo le tilts ka litaelo tse sa tšoaneng. Lesapo la mokokotlo ka sebakeng lumbar e ntse mojaro bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Kahoo, vertebrae hang-hang le seholo ho feta likarolo tse fetileng entsprechen 'mele eketseha ho tloha holimo ho ea tlaase (ho tloha ka pele ho ea bohlano).

Ka nako ea ho tsoaloa ha lesapo la mokokotlo batho ka lefapha sacral na hlano arohaneng vertebrae. Empa butle-butle hōla ntshetsopele ya lesapo la mokokotlo ho fellang ka coalescing le eaba ba etsa le vertebrae kakaretso mehaho likarolo - ho sacrum.

coccyx otdel

The lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo ka lefapha coccygeal na le tse tharo ho tse hlano vertebrae arohaneng. vertebrae seo coccygeal ka karolo e ka ho ikemisetsa feela ka tsela e khethehileng sesebelisoa tlhlahlobo (X-ray kapa tomographic).

Sebopeho sa karolong e ngotsoeng vertebral

Mabapi ea vertebrae tse peli, e eme motseng, e etsoa ka ho discs intervertebral, eo na le qeto e fapaneng. Ba fana ka palo polasetiki le elasticity. The lebili kholo ka ho fetisisa filoe lumbar le libakeng tse cervical la lesapo la mokokotlo oa 'mele oa motho. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la tsamaiso e ntle, 'me tiske bokgoni ba likarolo tsena ho fetisisa o ile a pepesa ho mo ntša kotsi. Ho boetse ho na ba atisa ho thehoa herniated discs le fapaneng ka mafu a sa foleng ba tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal. Mofuta fetisisa kopana ya lefu ke osteochondrosis - holofatsang-dystrophic pathological tshebetso ya ho discs intervertebral.

Lesapo la mokokotlo batho Ho hahoa mehaho anatomical ya hotel - ho vertebrae, discs intervertebral le manonyello articular (manonyeletso).

Mesebetsi ya batho vertebral lenaneng la

Lesapo la mokokotlo e ka sehloohong musculoskeletal tsamaiso ea motho. E boetse e etsa hore ho ka khoneha ho boloka ho leka-lekana ea 'mele, ke selekane ya metsamao ya le ho phetha mosebetsi tshireletso. Mesifa la mokokotlo hammoho le tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, ho etsa maemo a phethahala ha tse latelang:

• tilts ka litaelo fapaneng;

• extensor le flexor hvizheny;

• ho rotational mokhatlo oa ho potoloha tselaneng ea lona;

• bipedal lokomocja.

karolo Cervical (oa boraro ho letsatsi la bosupa vertebrae), thoracic le lumbar intervertebral filoe mohaho o tšoanang oa ho manonyeletso tse ling ho feta fetotsoeng pele le la bobeli vertebrae cervical, le sacral karolo karolo ka 'mele oa motho ka boemo batho ba baholo (it e na le tse hlano fused vertebrae le ka ho feletseng li eme).

manonyeletso Intervertebral leng teng ka dithulaganyo le lesapo la mokokotlo le ho etsa maemo le lenaneng la bokgoni selefouno. Susumelletsa vertebra itseng hoo e batlang e ke ke ha khoneha, e le ha e mong vertebra khathatsoa susumelletsa ho toba haufinyane. Filoe le tsamaiso e khōlō ea libakeng cervical le lumbar, ba bang kaofela ba vertebrae e ka susumelletsa hanyenyane feela.

The lefu fetisisa kopana le lesapo la mokokotlo: kamano ea human anatomy

Human anatomy ba karolo cervical la mokokotlo etsa hore ntlha ea fokolang bakeng sa ho hlaha ha lefu le holofatsang disk. bolwetse Sena ke dithulaganyo dystrophic-holofatsang ka discs intervertebral bao e seng a hlabang tlhaho. Ka mokhoa ona ke lefu amehang dinama tse nyenyane tse connective le lefufuru. lefu tšoanang develops ka lumbar lesapo la mokokotlo, thoracic karolo e angoa ke ho statistically seoelo.

Lumbar le libakeng tse cervical bonolo hore herniation tsa disks intervertebral - SHmorlja. Tshebetso ena e bontša ka mokgwa wa khubung pulposus khumo disk Moeli o ne o. bolwetse joalo e exacerbated ke mathata a tsamaiso ea ho potoloha ha mali 'me ke tšohile, kaha protrusions tsena ka' na compress lijaneng tsa mali ka lesapo la mokokotlo (vertebral) le metso methapo ea kutlo extending tsoa khoele lesapo la mokokotlo. The complication qetellang e bitswa sciatica, ka lebaka la compression ea metso ruruhileng.

Batho lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo ka tlas'a tsamaiso e hlabang (ho akarelletsa le itšoara joang autoimmune kapa ho sithabela ..) Ka manonyeletso - ramatiki.

Ea bongaka, ba bangata ba mafu a ba lesapo la mokokotlo ka etsahala le bohloko haholo, fokotseha tsamaiso le litšobotsi tse ling karolong e ngotsoeng.

mafu tsena tsohle hloka kalafo e nakong, 'me o ile a kenella ka linako tse ling esita le hang-hang.

Kotsi ea bobe le hape ba lenaneng la vertebral.

thuso ea pele ka ho kena lemetseng

Ho ke ke ho hlokahala ho fana ka tsoa likotsi le lebetsoeng le tse tshekaletseng ogee lesapo la mokokotlo le khutsitse pele ho fihla ha ambulense e. E thibetsoe ho qobella ba ho tsamaea le ho tsamaisa, hobane ho na le monyetla oa ho ho hlaha ha likotsi tse ncha 'me ka lebaka leo mathata. Tsamaisa lemetseng lumelloa maemong a ikhethang - ho kotsi ha tsamaea sebaka.

The batho vertebral lenaneng la - ka sebopeho ikhetha ka 'mele, e leng e filoe tšehetso, e leng ho sireletsa, mesebetsi tsa likoloi. Kahoo, ho hlokomela boemo ba 'mele, ho thibela pathologies le kalafo bona ka nako e loketseng ke ho hlokahala hore ho boloka bophelo bo botle. Vertebrae le lenaneng la lesapo la mokokotlo le originality ya sebopeho bona, libakeng tse ling ho lumella motho hore a etsa bipedalism le ho buseletsa bakeng sa mojaro ho nka bohato ka likarolong tse ka karolo la mokokotlo, le ho boloka litsebo tsa bona dilenaneo bophelong bohle.