Kiev principality

Kiev principality - nngwe thehoa ho tswa ho putlama ha Kievan RUS moqhaka linaheng tse. Ka mor'a lefu la Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo ka bohareng ba principality XI lekholong la lilemo la arohana qala le lilemo bo30 la XII lekholong la lilemo la e-ba ikemetseng ka ho feletseng.

sebaka sa eona e akaretsa Drevlyane ea baholo-holo linaheng le makhulo ba Dnieper River le melatswana lona (grouse, Pripyat, Irpen le Ros). Ho boetse ho akarelletsa le karolo ea letšehali banka ya Dnieper ka pel'a Kiev. naha ena eohle ea kajeno Kyiv le Zhytomyr libaka tsa Ukraine le karolong e ka boroa ea sebakeng Gomel tsa Belarus. Ka bochabela, le principality sa sehelane moeli le Pereyaslavl le Chernigov principality le ka bophirimela ho - ho Vladimir-Volyn, ka boroa ho abuts ea steppe Polovtsian.

Ka lebaka la boemo ba leholimo bonolo le mobu o nonneng mona temo ntshetswa pele ka potlako. Hape baahi ba naha ena e kopanela ka mafolofolo likhomo ho ikatisa, ho tsoma, ho tšoasa litlhapi le linotsi. Pelenyana mona e hlahile Crafts ikhethang. Le ea bohlokoa ho khetheha e fumanweng "drevodelie", letlalo le letsopa. Mobung lumelloa ho ba le tšepe e betloa sekepe.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa e ne e le 'nete ea hore Kiev principality ne tseleng e "ho tswa ho Vikings ho Bagerike" (ho tloha ka Byzantium Empire ho Leoatle la Baltic). Ka hona, ka Kiev, mathoasong a lera le tšusumetso e matla ha thehoa bahoebi le mesebetsi ea matsoho.

From IX ho X la lilemo, linaha tsena e ne e le karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ea Khale boemo Serussia. Nakong ea puso ea Vladimir, ba ile ba fetoha motheo oa e domain name bohosana, 'me Kiev - bohareng kereke tsohle Russia. Leha Khosana ea Kiev, ha e sa e neng e le mong'a phahameng tsa naha kaofela, empa o ne a De facto hlooho ea sehlopha se busang feudal, o ne a nkoa e le "batho ba baholo" mabapi le likhosana tsa tse ling. E ne e le setsi sa ea mebuso ea boholo-holo, tse neng li ka tsepamisa maikutlo ho pota ba bang kaofela ba lefa.

Leha ho le joalo, boemo bona bo ne e se feela lehlakoreng le nepahetseng. haufinyane haholo le Kiev naha ea e-ba ntho e matla haholo ntoa pakeng tsa makala e fapaneng ya ho Rurik leloko la borena la. Ntoa e hape le seabo e matla boyars Kievan le khoebo le mesebetsi ea matsoho holimo batho.

Ho fihlela 1139 Kiev terone ea lula Monomakhich: mora Mstislava Velikogo qala ho busa, mor'abo Jaropolk (1132-1139), 'me joale Vyacheslav (1139). Ka mor'a moo, terone fetisitswe ho matla a hae a haptjoa Chernigov Prince Vsevoloda Olgovicha. Olegoviches puso e ne e-ba ea nakoana haholo. Ka 1146, ke matla a fetisetsoa Izyaslav Mstislavich (moemeli Monomakhich). Ka 1154 ho ile ha etsoa haptjoa ke lekala la Suzdal Monomakhich (Yuri Dolgoruky ne teroneng Kiev ho fihlela lefung la hae ka 1157). Hape matla ka nako eo e fetisitswe ho Olgovich, 'me ka 1159 o ile a khutlela Mstislavovitch.

Se tloha bohareng ba bohlokwa XII lekholong la lilemo la lipolotiki, tseo ho fihlela nakong eo o ne a principality ea Kiev, ba ile ba qala ho fokotseha. Ka nako e tšoanang ho ne ho hlokahala ho putlama ka fiefdoms. By 1170, th selemo e se e abetswe Kotelnicheskoye, Belgorod, Trepolskoe, Vyshgorod, Torchesk, Kanev le Dorogobuzhskaya principality. Kiev ha e sa bapala karolo ea setsi sa ea linaha Serussia. Ka nako e tšoanang Vladimir le Galicia-Volyn leka kahohle ho kokobetsa Kiev. Nako le nako ba ho etsa, 'me teroneng Kiev tse laolang ba bona.

Ka 1240 ho principality ea Kiev e tlasa matla a Batu. Mathoasong a December, ka mor'a matsatsi a robong tsa ho hanyetsa tsielehile, o ile a nkoa ka mahahapa le e sithabetseng Kiev. Principality se ripitliloeng, ho hlaphoheloa ka mor'a moo le hlōlehileng ho phethahala. Ho tloha ka 1240s ea Kiev ka mosebetsi ka puo ea khale ea Vladimir Likhosana (Aleksandra Nevskogo, joale Jaroslav laroslavich). Ka 1299 Kiev o ile a isoa ho Vladimir toropokgolo lefapha.

Halofo ea pele ea lekholo la bo14 la lilemo, ho Principality ile fokola ka ho feletseng. Ka lebaka leo, ho se ho le ntho e ka mabifi Lithuanian. Ka 1362 ha Prince Algirdas linaha tsena e-ba karolo ea Grand Duchy oa Lithuania.