Grand Duchy tsa Lithuania

Grand Duchy ba Lithuania ba ile ba qala ho nka sebopeho ka e le nako ea liphetoho tse khōlō a le boemong ba machaba.

Nakong ea sebopeho sa mmuso e tshwerweng ho haptjoa ha tšimo e khōlō ea Russia e Mongol-Tatars. Ntlha ena ke e tšoanelang, e le Grand Duchy tsa Lithuania ile ka tsela eo a sireletsa ho tswa ho a hlasela ka bochabela ea lekholo la se tlang.

Ho tloha halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo12 la lilemo, Lithuanians ba ile ba aroloa tse peli morabe ofe. Tsa pele ho kenyeletsa e ka holimo Lithuania (aukshtayte), ho ea bobeli - ka tlaase kapa "Zhmud" (Zemaite).

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore Lithuanians ba ne ba le e boemo ba ka tlaase ho ntshetsopeleng theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki ho feta East Maslav lichaba. Butle-butle, likhosana Lithuanian metseng e meng ea Russia tse amohelehang ka litafole. Mora Mindaugas (the Lithuanian khosana) a felise lira tsa hae, ho na le "bogareng". Nakong ena e qala ho ba le ea mantlha ea puso e ncha. Grand Duchy tsa Lithuania le Russia o tsoela pele ho iphetolele le amohelang Duke Mindaugas, ka ho khetheha nakong ea puso ea Gediminas. Ka puso ea hae ka ho mmuso kena naheng ea Lithuania holimo 'me a ikamahanya tlhokeng tšimong ea Black RUS (Poneman). Grand Duchy tsa Lithuania hore ba ikopanye le eena 'me ba bang ba Turov-Pinsk le Polotsk naha.

Motse-moholo oa puso bakeng sa nako e itseng o ne a le tšimong ea Serussia ka Novgorodok Lithuanian. Nakong eo, o ile a susumelletseha ho Vilna.

Sebetsana ya ho theha e boemo bo bocha, boo qala pele Grand babusisi ba Lithuania (Gediminas le Mindaugas), ka mor'a hore ba ile ba tsoela pele Algirdas le Kęstutis. mesebetsi di aroloa pakeng tsa bona. Kahoo, tshireletso ea naha khahlanong le Knights larileng ka mahetleng a Keistut, Algirdas e kopanela ka nkhape libaka Serussia. Ka lebaka leo, e Moholo Duchy ba Lithuania ba ikopanye le eena Kiev, Polotsk, Volyn, Chernihiv-Seversky sebakeng, hammoho le liaparong. Old Russia naha ka tsela eo e na le boemo ba ikemetseng.

Qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la bo14 la lilemo ka boemo Poland khaola leloko la borena la babusi ba khutšoanyane. A nyolohela terone Poland ba morali Louis o Jadwiga. Mora behoa teroneng ea, lenyalo e ile tšoaroa pakeng Jadwiga le Jagiello (mohlahlami oa Algirdas).

Ka mor'a lechato, Jagiello le Jadwiga Krevo bonngoeng ile a saena ka 1385 (Union ea Lithuania le Poland). Ho phaella moo, ho na le e ne e le hore kolobetso ea bohetene ea ho Lithuania tumelong e K'hatholike. Sena se entse hore ho fokolisa tsa tumelo ea Orthodox 'me ho felisoa ha bolumeli ba bohetene.

Nako 14-15 lilemo tse makholo tšoauoa le khanyetso e ruuoang thehoa bara ba Olgerda Keistut karela le makala. Ka lebaka leo, e Moholo Duchy tsa Lithuania e ile ea aroloa Makala ea se nang matla. Busa Lithuania Vytautas metsaneng (mora Keistut).

Ho ea ka bo-rahistori, nakong ena e neng e le heyday tsa mmuso.

Ka mor'a lefu la Vytautas ea puso ea fokotseha ha histori ea Lithuania.

Ka 1413 o ile a koalloa chankaneng bonngoeng ba horodło. Ka thulaganyou e lona tshaeno qala polonization principality K'hatholike le phatlalatso. Ho phaella moo, ka etsa qeto ea Gorodelskoy bonngoeng o ile a qala ho bōpa preconditions bakeng sa ho hlasela naha ea e Russia ba Poland Grand Duchy.

The maemo a hore ba ne ba bōpiloe ka har'a naha, ea etsa hore ho qhoma ha ntoa. Ka mehloli ea histori e bitsoa "merusu Svidrigaylo" (mora oa Algirdas). Lithuania ile oa aroha likarolo tse peli. Sigismund (Keistut mora) lula fatše ka Lithuania. Ka Serussia linaheng tse qala ho busa Svidrigaylo. bofetoheling ba hae o ne a hatella.

Ka mor'a lefu la Sigismund nyolohela terone Casimir. Nakong ea puso ea hae, le linaheng tse Lithuanian kopantswe recovers motheo oa Uniate leano. Leha ho le joalo, ba lula ba haholo ho hloka botsitso.

Casimir a tsoela pele mosebetsing oa ho bahlahlami ba hae - Sigismund le Alexander. Ka mor'a bona, boto ea nka Sigismund Augustase. Ka ntoa e tsoelang pele pakeng tsa boemo Russia le Lithuania ka ka 1569 o ile a koalloa chankaneng ka Poland, Soviet tsa Lublin. E ne e le ea bohlokoa haholo ho ntshetsa pele ea histori ea Central le Europe Bochabela. Mora ea qetello ea bonngoeng le hlaha Rzeczpospolita - matla e ncha, e neng e akarelletsa Grand Duchy e khona ho lula re ena le boipuso itseng.