Ke seo fungus e pathogenic?

Li-fungus ke e ka thoko 'muso liphoofolo tse hlaha. Ba na le tse fapa-fapaneng tsa mefuta: jeoang, chefo, hlobo, tomoso, 'me ba bang ba bangata. saense ea kajeno ea tsebang mefuta e fetang tse makholo a mahlano tsa li-fungus. libōpuoa tsena tse hohle lefatšeng, esita le ka hare ho motho eo. Ba bang ba bona phelisana hantle le batho ba le etse likokoana-hloko monyetla. Pathogenic fungus e hakaalo bakela lefu lena. O indulges tsa tlhaho 'me a batla ho hlōla sebaka se tlas'a letsatsi, hammoho le mehlodi ya bakeng sa khōlo e eketsehileng le ntshetsopele. Ka bomalimabe, ho Harms bophelo ba batho.

tlhaloso

Pathogenic li-fungus - likokoana-hloko ena e tebileng le ka ntle feela tsoaetsanang fungal ka batho le liphoofolo. libōpuoa tsena tse ka kakaretso dermatophytes ho sehlopha sa, e le hore e fepa ka letlalo. Tlase ka tloaelo, ho na le boetse ho na le ka tlaase li-fungus le actinomycetes.

Ba na le tropism itseng tsa lisele tsa liphoofolo. Sena se bolela hore epidermis dermatophytes rata hairy letlalo la hlooho, tomoso - oona tsamaisong lymphatic, Candida - parenchymal makala, Aspergillus phela tsamaisong ea matšoafo, 'me actinomycetes rata ho lula masapong.

Ho tseba litšobotsi tse tsena ngaka ka phapang lefu behe kalafo e itseng.

Classification ya pathogenic li-fungus

'Musong oa li-fungus li-fungus pathogenic li arotsoe ka likarohano tse peli: slime hlobo le li-fungus le teng. Last qhaqhoa ka litlelase tse supileng, e leng mabitso a bontša methati tlholeho ya ntshetsopele ya bokgoni:

- tsitridomitsety;
- gipotsitridomitsety;
- oomycetes;
- Zygomycetes;
- Ascomycetes;
- bazidomitsety;
- Deuteromycetes.

Litho tse 'nè pele theha sehlopha sa li-fungus ka tlaase, batho ba bang ba e phahameng,' me sehlopheng sa ho qetela - ho li-fungus ba sa phethahalang. li-fungus tse ngata pathogenic tse bakang lefu ho batho, ke Deuteromycetes.

The thepa ya pathogenic li-fungus

Man hangata hang-hang hlokomela hore 'mele oa hae tšoaroa li-fungus pathogenic. Hlobo (masheromo dipeo) e sa le nka sebōpeho sa tube,, e leng tsoela pele ho hōla thinner le ho qetellong ba fetola ka Gifu 'me e be le motheo oa mycelium e. Se mothating ona haholo hanyetsa. Hyphae ea li-fungus e phahameng o dia e, 'me e ka tlaase - ha ho. Hyphae tloha hlobo ea fapaneng hōle, intertwine le mong ho e mong, 'me qetellong ka substrate mycelium e ntse e hōla.

Bakeng sa tlhahiso ea meriana le tlhathoba mefuta pathogenic ea li-fungus hōlileng ka mecha ea phatlalatso ea phepo, tse kang Sabouraud, Czapek-Dox, ka setoto le slope agar. lisengisi ya yambo mpenza A ke ph tlase supileng.

lisele tse Fungal koahetsoeng lerako la k'habohaedreite, empa ntho eo ka yona ho fumana hore na boitsebiso mefuta, ke chitin. Ha a itšoara ka penicillin ho le lysozyme, kahoo o na le virulence phahame ka 'mele oa motho.

li-fungus Pathogenic manganga ho disinfectants meleng le lik'hemik'hale. Kalafo ba bona ba ka bakang tšenyo e irreparable ho makala le litsamaiso tsa batho, kaha e hloka ea mahloriso e phahameng ea lithethefatsi ka maro a 'mele. nahanela ho fetisisa ho microspores phekolo, 'me ho e monyenyane - Candida. Selection ea lithethefatsi e thatafatsoa ke taba ea hore mofuta o mong oa li-fungus tlhakantsuke e fapaneng ya antigens le chefo, potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le lintho tse ling tsa pathogenicity ntse e sa tsejoeng.

tsoaetsanang haholo-holo ho batho

Li-fungus, pathogenic le batho, a ka etsa hore le lefu lena, e ka aroloa ho latela diriswa ka lihlopha tse 'nè:

1. Tebileng mycoses - hlōloa litho parenchymal, sepsis, phatlalatso ea hlobo ea ho tloha mohloli oa lefu lena le ho ea boahelani ea dinama tse nyenyane tse.
2. Subcutaneous mycoses, ba boetse subkutannye. Li-fungus kolone ea ho epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous mafura, fascia, 'me esita le masapo.
3. Epidermomikozy dermatomycosis kapa derivatives hlaha ka e ka holimo ea letlalo le dikarolo, moriri le manala.
4. Ka ntle feela mycoses (keratomikozy). li-fungus Pathogenic ka letlalo ama feela stratum corneum le moriri.

A sehlopha se arohaneng secrete likokoana-hloko lefu leo ke monyetla li-fungus. Sena mafu ramenyetla, eo etsahala ha tshireletso boitshireletso ea 'mele e fokola, tse kang tšoaetso ea HIV, lefu la sebete B, kapa C, lefu oncological.

Hangata ka ho fetisisa causative mahlahana a tsoaetsanang fungal fumanoa mobung kapa lerōle, kahoo, ho ke ea bohlokoa ho sebetsa ka respirators, hlatsoa meroho le litlama, metsi ho hloekisa ka jareteng eo. mycoses tebileng hlaha ka mor'a inhalation tsa moemeli, 'me e ke ho hlokahala hore hlobo ea ba kena ka leqeba holim ntshetsopeleng ya mafu a letlalo.

maloetseng

Pathogenic fungus e ho ka 'mele, ho etsa hore e phorosela a itšoare ya boitshireletso ba mmele ho hlokahala hore ho khetholla le ho ntshetsa pele antigen tšireletso ea itseng khahlanong le eona.

E le busa, e li-mushroom tsohle - immunogens matla, kahoo hangata batho ba alejiki ho bona. Itšoara joang develops ka mofuta oa lieha-mofuta hypersensitivity le mofuta cytotoxic. Ho phaella moo, lisele tse T-mothusi ho susumelletsa macrophages dinama tse nyenyane tse ho felisa hlobo. ka karabelo Humoral bonahatsa ka phahameng lisireletsi titer ke eo ho bona hore ho ba sethaleng sa tshwaetso, hammoho le ho kenya tshebetsong ya motlatsi ke classic le tseleng e meng.

phumano ea tšoaetso ea fungal

Ho bobebe tsela ea ho lemoha pathogenic li-fungus - Microscopy. Bakuli ba noa mali, mucus le letlalo diso, e sebelisoa ka li-slide tsa khalase tsa ', qaphalletsoa kapa tšoaroa ka acid,' me joale beha leseling kapa elektrone ya microscope. Mokhoa ona o lumella hore re hlahlobe likarolo morphological tsa pathogen le bona hore ponahalo ea lona.

Ka linako tse ling laboratori ea jaloa li-mushroom ka mecha ea phatlalatso ea khetha 'me a ba boloke ka kholo ea bona le fermenting dintho tse sa tšoaneng. Sena se thusa ka ntlha skeletal maikutlo ho khetholla causative moemeli.

Ka lebaka la ho qaloa ho li-fungus pathogenic ka lisireletsi mali a batho hlaha, ha e le hantle ba tse ka ho laolwa ke mekhoa serological. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la joalo ka mokhoa o ka 'na se ke ua e nepahetseng, kaha mefuta e fapaneng ya li-mushroom na antigens sefapano arabelang.

Ka lithuto tsa epidemiological, e le hore ho khetholla karolo ea baahi ba, e leng e se e ne tsoaetsanang fungal, sebelisa liteko letlalo. Ho lumella u tseba hore na pele a kopana 'mele le mofuta ona wa antigen kapa che. Ho hlahloba mokhoa ona ka ha sebelisoa, kaha e na le tlase khethehileng.

The genus Candida

Ho fihlela joale, ho abelwa mefuta 186 tsa genus Candida, empa ba bang ba bona feela ho ka etsa hore lefu ka batho. Mohlala, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. Quillermondii le ba bang.

Sena se li-fungus monyetla hore lulang ka e ntse likahare ka batho. E e ntse e hōla hantle ka ho libakeng ruileng lik'habohaedreite. Likolone ba entsoe ka lisele tse nyane oval, e lohellane le dikgwele la mycelium. ka potlako haholo ho ho ngatafala maling ka mocheso tloaelehileng ea likhato tse 37, se lihora tse tharo tsa e baloa ka likete tse 'maloa tsa hlobo e ncha li thehoa hyphae. Tsoele pele ho mela ea lisele ka dinama tse nyenyane tse tsamaeang le matla ea moo e le karabelo ya boitshireletso ba mmele le sebopeho sa boladu.

Ho batho ka bophelo bo botle le liphoofolo tse cavity molomo ka karolo ea 50 lekholong ea linyeoe tse jaloa li-fungus ba genus Candida, ka masi le - hoo e ka bang kamehla ka letlalo le lera la mucous pampitšaneng ena genital - ho karolo ea 10 lekholong. E develops ha lefu lena le haholo-holo ho itšetlehile ka boemo ba litsamaiso boitshireletso le endocrine. Candidiasis ka qholotsa phekolo lithethefatsi immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, lithethefatsi cytotoxic, ho kula mahlaseli, nako e telele kalafo ka lithibela-mafu, kankere le lithibela-pelehi molomo.

li-fungus Pathogenic bakela lefu le lefu la tsoekere mellitus, ho se sebetse ea litsoelesa le endocrine, 'me ba bang. Morao tjena, haholo eketseha palo ea candidiasis iatrogenic mora mekgwatshebetso ya ho buoa le tekotshupo. Ho phaella moo, diso letlalo le li-fungus mucous tsa genus Candida ke e 'ngoe ea batshwai la AIDS.

Pneumocystis serame sa matšoafo

Pneumocystis carinii - le fungus e hore haholo-holo e ama lisele ea tsamaiso ea ho hema. E le hore ho sheba thepa lona setso ha hoa lekana tloaelehileng mecha ea phatlalatso ea phepo, o lokela ho sebelisa embryos khoho kapa setso sa khaotseng seleng.

Cysts ke lisele tsa ho potoloha, e leng se ba bone ka hare ho lisele tse basophilic. The likolone pota cysts ba hōlileng tsebong ba kamehla hantle ba bacha 'me lipakeng liforomo. Ho ba teng ha 'mele kenyeletso dumella bo-rasaense ba ngotsoe ke sehlopha sa Pneumocystis actinomycetes.

li-fungus tsena bakela serame sa matšoafo, empa maemong a mang e ka baka 'me a makala tse ling ka hare: liphio, spleen, tsamaiso lymphatic, ho retina, pelo, sebete, manyeme, esita le boko. Tšoaetso hangata le hlaha ka bana ba nang le maloetseng tsa fokotswa.

aspergillosis

fungus e ena e bopa e boreleli likolone tala hore e hōle hantle ka mocheso oa 'mele oa motho, empa ka ho mamella mocheso. Hangata e fumanoang lijo, lehong. Bakela tshwaetso a hlobaetsang le mora otla e kholo chelete ea hlobo ea kena 'meleng le ka lijo, ka mohlala bohobe. lefu develops karolo ea bobeli, ka semelo sa pathologies mali, sarcoma, lefuba corticosteroid phekolo, immunosuppressive. Ho e sa a tšoaetsanoang ka ho tswa ho motho ho motho.

Hangata ka ho fetisisa e ama tsamaiso ea matšoafo, ka linako tse ling a etsa hore mafu a letlalo kang eczema. Mycelium pota dinama tse nyenyane tse necrotic ka lethopa ho hlaha granulomas. A tsobotsi bath ke ponahalo ea cavities libakeng tse amehang hore e na le libolo fungal. lingoliloeng tseo li hlalosa maemo a ho tshwaetso systemic le diso tsa tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng.