Fisiks limolek'hule

Limolek'hule fisiks le thermodynamics ke dikarolo fisiks ithuta etsahalang litopo tsa dithulaganyo macroscopic hore li amahanngoa le palo e khōlō ea liathomo le limolek'hule leng ho 'ona.

Limolek'hule fisiks ithuta sebopeho le thepa ya dintho ke limolek'hule - kinetic dikgopolo, tseo li thehiloe 'nete ea hore' mele oa leha e le efe e na le limolek'hule (likaroloana), e ke ka kamehla tšohanyetso tshisinyo. Limolek'hule fisiks ithuta dithulaganyo tsa litla cumulative tsa palo e ngata haholo ea limolek'hule.

lithuto tsa Thermodynamics kakaretso thepa ea tsamaiso (macroscopic) e ka thermodynamic equilibrium.

Ithuta dithulaganyo macroscopic etsoa ke mekhoa e 'meli:

1. limolek'hule - kinetic (limolek'hule fisiks e thehiloeng mokhoa ena);

2. thermodynamic itšetlehile ka motheong oa thermodynamics.

Mekhoa ena e tlatsana tse ling.

fisiks limolek'hule e thehiloeng khopolo ea limolek'hule kinetic, ho ea ka tseo sebopeho le thepa ea 'mele li hlalosa mokhatlo oa lintoeng le sebelisana ea limolek'hule, liathomo le ions (i.e., likaroloana). The thepa experimentally hlokomela 'mele ea (mohlala, khatello) di ile a hlalosa lebaka phatsa tshusumetso, i.e. le macroscopic thepa ea tsamaiso yohle itšetlehile ka thepa ya likaroloana ka, litšobotsi tsa mokhatlo oa bona le melemo karolelano ea litšobotsi matla ya likaroloana ka. Ho fumana hore na sebaka nepahetseng ya likaroloana ka sebaka le botsitso lona ke ke ha khoneha, leha ho le joalo, e le palo e khōlō ea leverages limolek'hule kinetic (dipalopalo) mokhoa, hobane ho na le itseng dipaterone, ka boitšoaro ba tsa entsprechen karolelano.

Dipehelo tsa sehlooho tsa khopolo eo limolek'hule-kinetic ke tsena:

1. ntho efe kapa efe e na le likaroloana - limolek'hule le liathomo e le bao e leng ba likaroloana tse nyenyane tse;

2. limolek'hule, liathomo le likaroloana tse ling tse ka ho tswelang pele pherekano motseng tshisinyo;

3. Pakeng tsa likaroloana ho na le matla a khoheli 'me a ba qobelle repulsion.

fisiks limolek'hule nkoa: sebopeho likhase,-butle le sephalli, liphetoho tsa bona tlas'a tšusumetso Link (khatello, mocheso, motlakase le masimo a khoheli a), liketsahalo lipalangoang (khohlano ka hare, mogote conductivity, diffusion) thulaganyou e mohato ho fetoha (e le mouoane 'me condensation, crystallization le qhibiliha le joaloka), mohato equilibrium, puso mahlonoko tseo ho leng ea taba.

lithuto tsa Thermodynamics le thulaganyo mogote hore li amahanngoa le liphetoho tse ka mocheso oa 'mele le boemo ba aggregation. Thermodynamics ha sebetsana le microprocessors, e sebetsana le ho thehoa ha maqhama pakeng tsa thepa macroscopic ya dintho. Tsamaiso thermodynamic ke pokello ea ho kopana le ho buisana eneji, le pakeng tsa mong le e meng 'me le bokantle ba' mele macroscopic. The ntho e mokhoa e beha boemo thermodynamic oo tsamaiso thermodynamic ka nako efe kapa efe. E behiloeng ea bontšang thepa ea tsamaiso (khatello, mocheso, bophahamo ba modumo) ya ngata 'meleng, beha boemo ba eona.

Thermodynamic thulaganyou e -change oona tsamaisong thermodynamic, ka lebaka la ho fetola tsela eo entsprechen lona.

Limolek'hule k'hemistri - saense ya sebopeho, sebopeho, thepa meleng ntho ena.

thepa ya moaho wa metsoako:

1. Puso 'meleng (tiileng, khase, mokelikeli);

2. monko;

3. 'mala;

4. segokanyipalo;

5. solubility;

6. sa electro - le mocheso conductivity;

7. qhibiliha le mocheso e belang e.

dintho efe kapa efe bopilwe liathomo, limolek'hule le ions.

Atom ke athomo ea taba e entsoeng ka le khubung sebele qosoa 'me a hlonamisitsoe qosoa elektrone khetla.

Qoso e ntle ea le proton e nkang. Hape ka ea mantlha ho se nke lehlakore e na le likaroloana tsa motheo - methapo ea kutlo. Unit ho tefo mpe - elektrone.