Club mosses, horsetails, ferns sebopeho se tšoane. E le hore motho a sebedisa horsetails, tlelabo mosses le ferns?

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns sehlopha etsa pele dimela tsa lefatše. Ho sa tsotellehe taba ea hore ba ile ha hlaha lilemo tse fetang limilione tse 400 tse fetileng, dimela tsena ba ka toka ho atile mehleng ea kajeno. Sebopeho sa tlelabo mosses, horsetails le ferns, haholo-holo tshilong ya dijo ka bona 'me ba bohlokoa tsa likokoana-hloko li tla tšohloa sehloohong rona.

dimela tsoa ka naha

Ho na le khopolo e phelang tsohle tse phelang, ho akarelletsa le limela tse ba ipotsa ka tikoloho phelang metsing. The pele ho tsona e ne e le dimelametsing. Ha nako e ntse, maemo a tikoloho fetohile haholo, 'me dimelametsing ba ikamahanya le maemo ho mamella nako e telele ea komello. Ka lebaka leo, ba ile sa hlahisa ho dimela naha pele. Esita le ka tsela e sekolo ea ferns botaniki, horsetails, tlelabo mosses (sehlopha sa 6) ba tšoaroa joaloka matsoalloa ho naha.

Sehlopha se foqohe ya dimela naha pele ke baemeli ba Lefapha Rhyniophyta. letlobo bona tlaase ne hlobolisoa makhasi le makala forked. Ho ena le hoo Rhyniophyta metso ne rhizoids oo khomaretse substrate ka.

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns - dimela e phahameng spore

Morao-rao spore dimela ba le ho feta 'me e rarahaneng sebopeho. Club mosses, horsetails, ferns, joaloka litho tsohle tsa sehlopha sena taxonomic, thehoa ke lisele tsena. Ka lebaka la ponahalo ea bona, 'me e ne e entsoe ho fihlella khoneha ho dimela naha. Lisele theha makala: motso 'me le hlomele. Sena phapang mantlha ho tloha dimela tsa bona ka tlaase hore bopilwe lisele tse khethehileng.

Ho ikatisa tsa lintho tse phelang tsena le hlaha ka diplobiont ea lisele - hlobo. Hang ka mobu, ba mela.

Khopolo ea potoloho ea bophelo

All dimela e phahameng spore tluoa tabeng e rarahaneng bophelo potoloho. Ena ke nako e pakeng tsa mekhahlelo e tse peli tse le tsoanang ea ho hōla. Ho etsa bonnete ba tswelopela tsa bophelo ba e le mefuta e itseng. Potoloho ea bophelo ba dimela spore hlokomela alternation ea meloko e - ho kopanela liphate le diplobiont. ka linako tse ling ba fapana ho e mong le tse ling tse ka ponahalo.

Dimela, eo ho eona hlobo ba thehoa, e isa molokong o mong diplobiont. E hlaheletseng ho bryophytes. E e ntse e hōla ho tloha hlobo ea molokong o mong ka motho thobalano - gametophyte. Ka sehloohong se tšoane tlelabo mosses, horsetails le ferns ke predominance lona.

Nahana ka e mong le e ba mafapha a tsa dimela e phahameng spore ka ho qaqileng le ho feta.

lefapha Lycopsida

Sena se lulang se le setala herbaceous limela tse hōle ka libaka tse mongobo. Maemong a mangata, ba ile ba ba perennial. Lycopodium e hahabang bakoa hore makala forked. Di mounted ka makhasi spiral e nyenyane.

Root oona tsamaisong ya ho theha metso eketsehileng radiating ka kotloloho ho tswa ho bakoa ena. ke flakes tse fetotsoeng makhasi Ka letlōbō ditomotsebe tsa. Ba leng teng 'mele ea diplobiont - sporangia.

horsetails Avilable

Mefuta ea kajeno ea horsetails e boetse e le setlama perennial. Tšobotsi bona bath ke karohano e hlakileng ea ho phonyoha ho ka nodes hore ba khomaretse makhasi toothed. Ho botlaaseng, ba hōla hammoho, eaba ba etsa e mosa ea ka hara botshehadi. The nodes ba lokisetsa lisele tse dinama tse nyenyane tse ea thuto, ka lebaka la ho e kgolo ya horsetail intercalated bophahamo. Ka tlas'a lefatše horsetails rhizome 'mele e boetse e arotsoe ke interstices ena. tala mosebetsi ea limela tsena nkang e bakoang ribbed. Ka hare ho e ngata cavities tlala metsi le oksijene.

horsetails Sporophyte ke letlobo tala hore shebahala joaloka phaene tse nyenyane ba banyenyane. gametophyte A teng ka thoko 'me o na le mofuta o mong oa poleiti tala. E mong oa mefuta e atileng ka ho fetisisa ea lefapha lena - horsetail - na le mefuta e 'meli ea letlobo. Pele o bitsoa ea selemo, ha le khone ho phetha tala le e nonneng spikelets. Lehlabula, tala - vegetative.

Kakaretso litšobotsi tsa ts'oara ka letsohong la

ke phapang ea ferns horsetail le boriba eng? Karabo e totobetse. lefapha Sena ke tse ngata ka ho fetisisa le tse fapa-fapaneng, 'me baemeli ba eona mehleng ea kajeno ba le sebopeho sa rarahane ho feta ho horsetails le tlelabo mosses. Har'a mefuta e 10,000 fumanoa ka nako ea itseng, ho na le boetse ho na le litlama le lihlahla, le lifate.

Group ravnosporovyh ts'oara ka letsohong hlahisa bophelo metsing - sena Salvinia natans le marsilea quadrifolia. Ba na le bolokolohi ba ho lula holim 'a litopo tsa metsi le hona joale e nyenyane. Ka chesang e mongobo ajoa metsi ts'oara ka letsohong azolla eo e bopa symbiosis le cyanobacteria, ba khona ho monya sepakapakeng naetrojene.

ferns Heterosporous hola merung mongobo le bbbelal. baemeli ba bona tloaelehileng ke Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris motona, mofumahali e mong-ts'oara ka letsohong le mefuta e meng e.

Ho ka dimela tsena hlollang tsoela tšōmo e le hore e fumanoang ka Ivana Kupala bosiu ts'oara ka letsohong lipalesa tla filoe mpho ka tsela e makatsang - ithuta ho utloisisa e le puo ea libōpuoa tsohle tse phelang. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha maikutlo tsa baeloji hore ke ke ha khoneha. spore dimela e phahameng, ho akarelletsa le ferns ha theha lipalesa le litholoana.

E le hore motho a sebedisa horsetails, tlelabo mosses le ferns

Phahame spore dimela di telele lula le tsoane ka tlhaho 'me bophelo ba motho. Ferns ke karolo ea palo e khōlō ea baahi ba dimela, li sebelisetsoa ho etsa naha e le Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle e le dimela le moriana. Empa karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea limela tsa tlhaho ke sebopeho sa liminerale tsa bohlokoa - mashala.

Ka makhetlo a boholo-holo, spore kaofela e ne e le lifate tsa seqhenqha. Otmiraya likutu bona tlas'a maemo a khaello oksijene le dikarolo phahameng khatello ea fatše fetoha k'habone.

E le hore motho a sebedisa horsetails, tlelabo mosses le ferns, o ka habonolo nahana ka mohlala oa meriana. Kaofela ha bona ke ea bohlokoa dimela le moriana. Mohlala, horsetail na hemostatic le diuretic. E mong oa baemeli ba Lefapha Lycopsida - Baranez ba tloaelehileng - e sebediswa e le mokhoa oa ho loantša ho lemalla joala.

The hlobo ea limela tsena Ke khale ho sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahisong ea pyrotechnics. Ho indasteri e etsang meriana li boetse le sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tlelabo mosses obsypaniya matlapa le bakeng sa tlhahisong ea phofo lesea.

Boleng ka sehloohong ea limela e phahameng spore ntse itšetlehile ka sebopeho sa mashala. Sena ke ea bohlokoa diminerale depositi e telele e ne e le mohloli oa bohlokoa oa matla, ho tloha ka palo e khōlō ea mocheso ha chesoa. bosebeletsi ba motlakase linaheng tse ngata e thehiloeng boitsebiso boo e tala.

Kahoo, tlelabo mosses, horsetails, ferns ke sehlopha ea limela e phahameng spore, e leng ho pharaletseng a emela le liminerale le mefuta e ea boholo-holo. Ba oa pele oa ho tla ho naha, e neng e entsoe leboha khoneha ho ho hlaha ha makgetheng ho feta e tsoetseng pele ea mohaho: lisele tse le ho makala.