Classification ea mekhoa ea tsebo ea saense

Mokhoa ka kutloisiso e pharalletseng ke tsamaiso ea mekhoa e itseng kapa mekhoa eo ka sebelisoa sebakeng leha e le efe ea bophelo ba motho bakeng sa ho phethahala ha mesebetsi ea eona ea sechaba.

Ka mohlala, mokgweng saense e se e ho etsa lipatlisiso le tsoelo-pele ea tsebo ea saense le sebopeho lona, hammoho le e mosa ea tokafatso ea dipholo tsa lithuto tsa tsena. Ho phaella moo, ho pharalla ha mokgweng saense ke ho ithuta mekgwa le mefuta e meng ea ho kenya tshebetsong le tsebo e fumanweng sona.

mokhoa ofe kapa ofe ho akarelletsa tsamaiso ea rarahaneng ea melao ea tsamaiso, tse itseng melao-motheo le ditlhoko tse lekanya mokhoa oa ho ketso ya le taba e itseng e le hore a finyelle morero o itseng.

Classification ea mekhoa ea tsebo ea saense e fokotsehile ho khopolo ea tsebo multilevel methodological, e kenyeletsang e latelang lihlopha tse khōlō.

1. mekhoa filosofi. Ena tse fapa-fapaneng mekhoa e sebetsa le dialectical mokhoa tsa saense tsebo, 'me metaphysical. Sena ke ka ho fetisisa tse tsebahalang, kakaretso mekgwa ya ho tsebo ea saense. , Ho phaella ho ka holimo, mekhoa filosofi kenyeletsa katisediwa (tloaelehileng tsa morao-rao tshekatsheko ya filosofi), phenomenological, hermeneutic le tlhago.
2. Kakaretso atamela saense le mekhoa lipatlisiso.
3. dithekeniki khethehileng (chastnonauchnogo) ho ithuta.
4. mekhoa ya kgalemo la tsebo ea saense.
5. Mekhoa ea ho ho etsa lipatlisiso interdisciplinary.

Classification ea mekhoa ea tsebo ea saense ka moelelo oa ho sebelisa katamelo e filosofi ho ithuta melao ea lona ea motheo, 'me hangata e sebelisa ka tsela e dialectical ho bothata.

Dialectics, le eena, e arotsoe liforomo tse tharo tsa motheo. Pele ke dialectic boholo-holo, o bitsoa "itlelang feela le khongoana holimo" hobane khang lona e ne e le feela boiphihlelo lefatše. Tsebahalang postulate mothehi oa dialectics boholo-holo oa Heraclitus, ea ileng a bolela hore "lintho tsohle phallang, liphetoho tsohle." moemeli e mong oa mofuta ona wa tsebo ea saense e ne e le Plato ka kutloisiso ea hae ea dialectic ea bonono e ne e le ho kopanela puisano. Zeno ile a leka ho fana ka tlhaloso ea Bibele ea ikhanyetsa tabeng ea sebele ka sea utloahala kapa che likhopolo tsa eona.

Hape, tlhophiso ea mekhoa ea tsebo ea saense e thehiloeng Jeremane dialectic classic ka mokhoa filosofi. mofuta ona oa dialectics ile ntshetswa pele ke Hegel, Kant, Schelling, Fichte - Jeremane rafilosofi ba ba neng ba etsa e monehelo le ea bohlokoa haholo ho ho hōla ha saense e ena.

Materialist dialectics - mofuta oa boraro oa dialectic - ke tsamaiso ea maikutlo a, dihlopha, melao le melao-motheo ea classics tsa Marxism.

Dialectical mokhoa oa tsebo ea saense ea lefatše pheha khang ea hore, ho tloha lefatšeng ea sebele ke kamehla ho tshisinyo, develops, e ntse e feta ho tswa e mong foromo bophelo ho e 'ngoe, ho bopa dikgopolo tsa ohle le mekhahlelo e amanang le dipharologanyo ena ea lefatše sepheo, e lokela ho ba e bobebe, tenyetsehang, bontša bonngoe le ntoa hanyetsa dihlopha tsa lefatše, ho amahanngoa le ho ka tsela e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa bontša ntho ea sebele.

Fuoa hore tlhophiso ea mekhoa ea tsebo ea saense e sebetsa ho feletseng Makala tsohle tsa bophelo ba batho, e ka tsela e tsoanang hantle e sebelisoa ka sechaba, moruo le Makala theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki oa bophelo ba motho.

Bakeng sa molao-motheo o dialectical e sebetsa, pele ho tsohle, historicism ketsahalo - ke hore, ho sheba ho ithuta taba eo ka mokhatlo oa hae ka linako tsohle le ho tsoelo-pele. Molao-motheo oa comprehensiveness ke e boetse e ho nahanela khōlō dialectic ena. Ho phaella moo, melao-motheo e kang khethehileng e, ho itlhahlobisisa, molao-motheo oa ikhanyetsa, determinism hape a sebetsa ho ba motheo melao-motheo ea mokhoa dialectical ithuta lefatše le li sebelisetsoa ho ithuta liketsahalo, liketsahalo, lintho kaofela bona.