China: The dikarolo tsa Crisis pele ho Revolutionary

Okoloburzhuaznye molao wa motheo marena le bourgeois didikadikwe, a eteletsoeng pele ke Chzhan Tszyanem batla se flashy, empa e modernization sebele oa China ka moea oa provense boeletsi likomiti ditlhoko 1909- 1911 biennium. Tšaba didikadikwe seatla se bulehileng bakeng sa lehae qetello, Russia-Japanese ntoa ea 1904-1905., Motho o hloka sebaka mobung Sechaena, e le mohlala o bohloko oa Korea, ka 1910 hapa ke Japane, e nako e telele-a eme khohlano pakeng tsa khanyetso hore li ba molao oa motheo 'me ha a batle ho tlohela maemo a bona Manchu despotism bōpa karolo ea pele ea pele ho Revolutionary maqakabetsi.

E ne e le karolo ea bobeli ea Revolutionary mokhatlo oa demokrasi eteletsoe pele ke ba hlaheletseng Chinese Revolutionary Sun Yat-Sen. Bona ka 1894, o ne a bōpiloe "tsosolosoa ha China Union" ho ba liha ba Manchu puso ea. By 1905, China neng ba se ba mekhatlo e 'maloa Revolutionary. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea pele Russia phetohelo ea 1905 le bulehileng e le mehla ea "kolamusa ea Asia" ba qala ho hōla ka potlako ba Revolutionary-ba khahlanong le Manchu maikutlo. Naha ea tokoloho eo ke sisinyehang ka China e entered sethaleng se secha. Ka 1905, tlasa boetapele ba Sun Yat-Sen le Huang Sina di ne tsa kopanngwa mekhatlo e sa tšoaneng Revolutionary ka "Mokhatlo oa Soviet." dikarolo China prerevolutionary bothata ...

The karolo ea boraro ea maqakabetsi pele ho Revolutionary e neng e le keketseho ea bohale ba ka, "merusu khale Chinese", ke hore,. E. Tlhaho le hasane-ba khahlanong le Manchu, antinalogovyh phetohelong le lapile (raese) merusu, 'me hangata e eteletsoe pele ke mekhatlo ea lekunutu. Tsena tsa litonanahali le tsohle mokhatlo oa hōla haholo sisinya Qing puso.

Oa bone karolo ya maturing ea boemong bo Revolutionary ne "a moruo" mokhatlo oa bourgeoisified Gentry, beng ba masimo le bourgeoisie ka boeona e khahlanong le puso ea motse-moholo oa 'ngoe. From 1905 ho 1911, naha e fetile letoto la boycotts antiinostrannyh (1905-1908), ho loanela ho "khutlela litokelo" ho hapa phetoho tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa meepo (1906- 1910), khahlanong le dikadimo tsoang linaheng tse ling bakeng sa ho kaho ea seporo 'me bakeng sa theko ea phetoho ka etsa seporo (1907-1908 ). Ho ne ho qaloa phutuho boima ho tšehetsa likhoebo tse ruuoang, haholo-holo bakeng sa kaho ea libaka tsa ho Chinese Huguanskih liporo, 'me joale - "Tshireletso ya liporo" (1911). Nationalization tsa Qing muso lik'hamphani poraefete sa terene Huguanskih Litsela bakileng ka September-October 1911 merusu ka Sichuan - karolong e qalang ea Xinhai Phetohelo. La 10 October, 1911 ho na le e ne e le merusu likarolong Wuchang "lebotho la e ncha" e eteletsoe pele ke revolutionaries. Motse oo o ne a bōpiloe ke 'muso oa sesole, e ile a phatlalatsa liha tsa Qing marena le ho thehoa ha ho Republic of China.

Latelang ena, 14 liprofinseng phatlalatswa boipuso ba bona Beijing. Kaha o ile a hlōleha ka hatelloang tsa mokhatlo oa Revolutionary, ho Ch'ing ile a fana ka matla a 'nete ka ho motse-moholo ho General Yuan Shikai - protege ea kamoo ba ileng ka hare le matla a imperialist. Ka December, baeti ba liprofinse ikemetseng bokane Nanjing, Sun Yat-Sen o ile a khethoa e le mopresidente le hlooho ea 'muso Nanking. Ka hore qetellong, e ne e le "matla a kopanetsoe" - ba ikutloa ka tsela hanyetsa ho Revolutionary North Afrika. Bora ba itsoara joang ka ea moo le matla a ho 'muso Nanking, hammoho le phetoho ea liberals, con stitutsionalistov lehlakoreng la Yuan Shikai bōpa molemo e dumellana le North. Letsatsi Yat-Sen tlameha ho tlohela ho mopresidente kakaretso ena e le phapanyetsano bakeng sa renunciation tsa Manchu leloko la borena la ka 1912. Ka mor'a ho oa ha Qing marena Mopresidente Yuan Shikai ile ka amohela ho seo ho thoeng ke matla .zaem kopanngoa ha makala ho matla a hae a kopanya. Lehlabuleng la 1913 o khangoa ke metsi ka ho mali ho lebisitsoe ho mokhatlo oa hae ho e bohareng le e ka boroa liprofinseng.

China: The dikarolo tsa maqakabetsi a pele ho Revolutionary