Ultrasound maemong - efe eo? Oa ultrasound ho Medicine. ultrasound maemong kalafo

Ho sa tsotellehe taba ea hore o ithuta maqhubu galena qala ho tse fetang lekholo tse fetileng, feela a ho qetela halofo la lilemo, ba 'nile ba ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka masimo a sa tšoaneng tsa mosebetsi oa batho. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho ntshetsopele e potlakileng ea ba quantum le e seng moleng dikarolo mexri, le elektronike quantum le tiileng-puso ea fisiks. Kajeno oa ultrasound - ke e se feela pontšo ea phahameng maqhubu mexri tsokoang ea tšimo, le ho etsa lipatlisiso sebakeng kaofela ka fisiks morao-rao le baeloji, e leng e tse amanang le liindasteri, lesedi le theknoloji ea ho lekanya, hammoho le ho hlahloba lefu, ho buoa 'me phekolo mekhoa ea phekolo ea kajeno.

ha e le eng?

maqhubu All utloahalla ka aroloa batho utlwahala - maqhubu a ya ho tswa ho 16 Hz ho 18 tse sekete, 'me ba tse ka ntle ho mefuta e fapaneng ya maikutlo a batho -. go la la le oa ultrasound. Tlas'a utlwisiswa infrasound maqhubu a molumo a tšoanang empa ka maqhubu a tlase lemohuoa ka tsebe ea motho. Moeli o ne o ka holimo ea sebaka seo ba nka infrasound 16 Hz, 'me ka tlaase - 0.001 Hz.

Ultrasound maemong - maqhubu a molumo hore haholo, empa maqhubu a bona e phahame ho feta ka lemoha batho tsamaiso e khopo e utloang. Ka tloaelo ho, ka tlas'a tsona utloisisa maqhubu a ho tloha 20 ho ea ho ea 106 kHz. tekanyong e bona ka holimo e itšetlehile ka tikoloho eo ho eona maqhubu ana jala mashano. Kahoo, ka gaseous moedi mahareng ke 106 kHz le ka-butle le sephalli e fihla 1010 kHz. Ka lerata la pula, moea kapa phororo, lehalima le na le metsoako e galena ka rustle ya leqhubu leoatle le meqolong e chitja. Ho leboha ho matla a ho lemoha le ho hlahloba galena maqhubu kgatlhanang maruarua le li-dolphin, bo-'mankhane le likokoanyana bosiu Bochabela ba le sebaka.

A histori hanyane

The lithuto tsa pele tsa ultrasound tse (US) ne ae etsa qalong ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la French rasaense F. Savar (F. Savart), re batla ho bona hore e ka holimo maqhubu moedi wa audibility ba tsamaiso ea batho e utloang. Nakong e tlang, ho ithuta maqhubu galena ne kopanela litsebi joalo tsebahalang e le Jeremane W. Wien, ea Lenyesemane F. Galton, Russia Lebedev le sehlopha sa liithuti.

Ka 1916, setsebi sa fisiks P. Langevin Fora, ka tšebelisano-'moho le Serussia rasaense Konstantin Shilovsky bajaki, o ile a khona ho sebelisa quartz ho amohela le ho oa ultrasound mahlaseli ho litekanyo leoatleng le phumano lintho ka tlas'a metsi, e leng ile a lumella bafuputsi ho bōpa sonar pele, e bopilweng ka fetisang le tsa ultrasound seamohedi. Ka 1925, e American W. Pierce o bōpile sesebelisoa se bitsoang e interferometer Pierce kajeno e lekanya ka ho nepahala le leholo le le lebelo la absorption ea ultrasound tse ka mecha ea phatlalatso ea mokelikeli le gaseous. Ka 1928, Soviet Union rasaense, Sokolov e ne e le lekhetlo la pele ho sebelisa maqhubu galena ho lemoha mefuta e fapaneng ya ka likoli tse-butle, ho akarelletsa le tsa tšepe, 'mele.

Ka mor'a ntoa 50-60 e, ka lebaka la mogopolofela sehlopha ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa bo-rasaense ba Soviet Union e eteletsoeng pele ke nhua pe ld Rosenberg qala tšebeliso atile tsa ultrasound tse masimong a sa tšoaneng liindasteri le theknoloji. Ka nako e tšoanang, ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa bo-rasaense ba Brithani le American, hammoho le lithuto tsa ea bafuputsi ba Soviet Union, tse kang R. V. Hohlova, V. Krasilnikov le tse ling tse ngata ka potlako evolving taeo saense tse kang acoustics e seng moleng.

Pota ka nako e tšoanang a nkile boiteko pele ea Maamerika a ho sebelisa ultrasound maemong a moriana.

Sokolov, rasaense ea Soviet Union ka forties morao ea tse lekholo tse fetileng ntshetswa pele ka tlhaloso mogopolofela tsa sesebediswa, ne a rerile hore lits'oants'o lintho opaque - "galena" ya microscope. Based on lithuto tsena, bohareng ba bo '70s litsebi tloha University Stanford li entse mochine o ea ka ya microscope anthivaerase mexri.

Features

Ho ba le mofuta tloaelehileng, leqhubu la mefuta e fapaneng utlwahala, hammoho le tsa ultrasound, ke ipeha tlas'a melao ea fisiks. Leha ho le joalo, oa ultrasound o sebelisa litšobotsi hore lumella ho e sebelisa ka bophara le masimong a sa tšoaneng a saense, meriana le thekenoloji:

1. Shallow wavelength. Ka ho fetisisa e tlase galena mefuta e fapaneng ha a feta ka emetse disentimitara tse seng kae, a etsa hore mahlaseli boikatiso tlhaho. Tabeng ena e tsokoang e tsepamisa maikutlo 'me a sebetsa libalaka guttate.

2. hanyenyane oscillation nako, ka tsela eo e ke emit pulsed oa ultrasound.

3. Ka libakeng tse fapa-fapaneng galena thothometsa le wavelength sa feteng 10 limilimithara, na thepa tšoanang le mahlaseli a khanya, e leng lumella ho lebisa tlhokomelo oscillations hlahisa laela mahlaseli, i.e., eseng feela ka tataiso a lakatsa ho romela matla, empa hape le ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho ka bophahamo ba modumo hlokahalang.

4. Ha tlaase molumo ho ka etsahala hore a fumane makgabane phahameng ya matla oscillation e lumellang ho bōptjoa libalaka phahameng matla le masimo a galena ntle le ho sebelisa thepa e khōlō.

5. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea ultrasound tse ka Laboraro, ho na le sete ya itseng 'meleng, likokoana-hloko, lik'hemik'hale le litla bongaka, tse kang:

• hasana;
• cavitation;
• degassing;
• futhumatsang ea moo;
• disinfection, 'me ba bang ba bangata. et al a.

mefuta

maqhubu a galena tsohle li arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro:

• Ulf - tlaase, le mefuta e fapaneng ho tloha 20 ho ea ho 100 kHz;
• USCH - midrange - ho tloha 0,1 ho 10 MHz;
• UZVCH - phahameng - ho tloha 10 ho ea ho 1000 MHz.

Kajeno, ho sebelisa o sebetsang oa ultrasound maemong - ke haholo-holo le ho sebelisa maqhubu a tlaase matla bakeng sa go lekanya, taolo le ho ithuta sebōpeho ka hare ea thepa e sa tšoaneng le lihlahisoa. Phahameng maqhubu a e sebediswa bakeng sa ho ama motho ea mafolofolo ka dintho tse sa tšoaneng hore ba ka fetoha thepa ea bona 'me sebopeho. Tepelletse maikutlong le kalafo ea mafu a mangata sonicated (sebelisa maqhubu a fapaneng) e arohaneng le ka mafolofolo ho ntshetsa pele tšimo ea phekolo ea kajeno.

Moo ho sebetsa?

Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, oa ultrasound thahasella theorists saense e seng feela, empa tloaela ho etsa le ho feta ka mafolofolo ho kenya tshebetsong ka mefuta e fapaneng ya lintho tseo batho ba. Kajeno, galena disebediswsa li sebelisetsoa ho:

Ho fumana tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le dintho le thepa	mehato		The maqhubu a ka kHz
			ho tswa	ho
	Ho ithuta sebopeho le thepa ya dintho	-butle	10	June 10
		sephalli	March 10	E se eka 10
		khase	10	March 10
	boholo bo Control le maemo		10	March 10
	sonar		1	100
	bonoa bofokoli		100	E se eka 10
	tlhathoba Medical		March 10	10 5
pepesehela dintho	Kulo le metallization		10	100
	tjheseletsa		10	100
	deformation polasetiki		10	100
	machining		10	100
	emulsification		10	April 10
	crystallization		10	100
	fafatsa		10-100	10 3 -10 4
	coagulation tsa aerosols		1	100
	hasana		10	100
	ho hloekisa		10	100
	dithulaganyo lik'hemik'hale		10	100
	Litla ka bo tukang		1	100
	opereishene		10 ho ea ho 100	March 10 ho ea ho la 10 April
	phekolo		March 10	April 10
Processing le taolo matšoao	converters Acoustoelectronic		March 10	July 10
	filter		10	10 5
	mela lieha		March 10	July 10
	disebediswsa acousto-Optical		100	E se eka 10

Lefatšeng la kajeno le, e ultrasound maemong - sena ke ea bohlokoa theknoloji sesebelisoa ka liindasteri tse kang:

• tšepe le tšepe;
• lik'hemik'hale;
• temo;
• Textile;
• lijo;
• diokobatsi;
• boenjiniere le mechine le seletsa-ho etsa;
• peterolo, le ho e lokisa tse ling.

Ho phaella moo, ka ho eketsehileng ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka ultrasound tse meriana. Ke seo re tla bua ka karolo e tlang.

The tshebediso moriana

Ikatisetsa morao-rao tsa bongaka, ho na le litsela tse tharo tsa motheo tsa ho sebelisa maqhubu a fapaneng tsa ultrasound tse:

1. Diagnostic.

2. phekolo.

3. Buoa.

A re hlahlobeng ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane 'ngoe ho libakeng tsena tse tharo.

tlhathoba

E mong oa mekhoa e ka ho fetisisa morao-rao le tse rutang tsa bongaka tlhathoba e galena. melemo ea eona - e ke: le tšusumetso e bonyane ka dinama tse nyenyane tse ea batho 'me haholo rutang.

Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, oa ultrasound - maqhubu a molumo propagating ka mahareng homogeneous ka otlolohileng le ka lebelo e sa khaotseng. Haeba ka tsela ea bona ho na le libakeng tse le segokanyipalo fapaneng mexri, ho oscillation ba hlahellang le karolo tse ding e refracted, ha a ntse a tsoela pele lona guttate tshisinyo. Kahoo, ba boholoanyane phapang ka segokanyipalo sa mecha ea phatlalatso ea moeling o ka ho eketsehileng, ho thothometsa galena hlahellang. mekhoa ea kajeno ea ultrasound tse ka aroloa ho fumana le translucent.

galena sebaka

Nakong ea thuto e joalo ba tlalehiloeng hlahellang ho tswa ho meeli ea mecha ea phatlalatso le e fapaneng mexri fokolang ya linaoa. Ka thuso ea kutlo e ka ba ile ba fallela ho beha ka boholo, sebaka le sebōpeho sa ntho e tlas'a ithuta.

translucence

Mokhoa ona o thehiloe e le hantle hore lisele tse fapaneng tsa 'mele oa motho ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng monya oa ultrasound. Nakong ea thuto ea tsa lekala efe kapa efe ka hare ho e tsokoang ea hae ka ho toba le e matla itseng, ka mor'a moo ka kutlo e khethehileng e iphumanela ho le pontšo a tšoaetsanoang ka ho tswa ho lehlakoreng le khutlisetsang. Penta qamaka Sepheo e ikatisa thehiloeng phetoho ea matla pontšo ea "input" le "khumo". Tlhahisoleseding fumaneng e sebetswa ka k'homphieutha le fetoloa e sonogram (mothinya) kapa sonogram - tlhakore setšoantšo.

mokhoa Doppler

Ke ka potlako ho fetisisa ho ntshetsa pele tekotshupo mokhoa, eo sebedisa bobeli pulse length le tsoelang pele oa ultrasound. Doppler ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka obstetrics, cardiology le Oncology, ka e lumella pina esita le liphetoho tse nyenyane ka methapong le lijana tse nyenyane ea mali.

Diagnostic Dikopo

Kajeno, galena dithekeniki litšoantšo le litekanyo tsa ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa masimong a moriana, tse kang:

• obstetrics;
• ophthalmology;
• cardiology;
• Neurology masea le masea;
• hlahloba litho tse ka hare:

- ultrasound maemong a liphio;

- sebete;

- nyooko senya le ducts;

- tsamaiso e motšehali ho ikatisa;

• Phumano ya Link le subsurface makala (thyroid le litsoelesa mammary).

The tshebediso phekolo

Ba ka sehloohong ho phekola liphello tsa ultrasound tse loketseng ka bokhoni ba lona e phunyeletse ho dinama tse nyenyane tse ea batho hore e futhumatsa le mofuthu ba ho phetha senang-sililoa dikarolo tsa motho ka mong. Tsa ultrasound li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa bobeli tshusumetso e tobileng le e sa tobang ka a bua haholo ka bohloko. Ho phaella moo, tlas'a maemo a itseng, maqhubu ana na antibacterial,-ba khahlanong le a hlabang, analgesic le phello spasmolytic. E le sebelisitsoe ka phekolo loebehlana oa ultrasound conventionally arotsoe ka matla phahameng le tlaase. E le maqhubu a matla tlaase ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa ho susumelletsa likarabo fisioloji kapa tse sa reng letho ntle le senya futhumatsang. Ultrasound maemong kalafo e bile le liphello tse ntle mafu a kang:

• ramatiki;
• ramatiki;
• myalgia;
• spondylitis;
• neuralgia;
• varicose le trophic liso;
• Ankylosing spondylitis;
• obliterating endarteritis.

Ho etsa lipatlisiso e khannoa, e leng nakong eo tsa ultrasound e sebediswa bakeng sa ho phekoloa ha lefu Meniere e, emphysema, liso tsa ka maleng duodenal le mala, le asma e, otosclerosis.

ultrasonosurgery

opereishene ea kajeno sebelisa maqhubu a ultrasound e arotsoe likarolo tse peli:

- khetha ho timetsa likarolo tsa linama tse itseng laoloa maqhubu ultrasound tse phahameng matla le maqhubu a ho tloha 10 ⁶ ho 10 ⁷ Hz;

- ho sebelisa seletsa se buoa le ho kenngwa ha oscillations galena ho tloha 20 ho ea 75 kHz.

Mohlala oa khetha ho buuoa ultrasound maemong a ka sebeletsa e le galena sithabetsa ea majoe a liphio. Nakong ea ho buuoa hona batho bao e seng itaolang galena tsokoang sebetsang sebakeng sa hae ka lejoe ka letlalo, ke hore, ka ntle ho 'mele oa motho. Ka bomalimabe, mokhoa ona ho buoa e na le mefokolo 'maloa. U ke ke ua sebelisa fragmentation le tsa ultrasound maemong a latelang:

- bakhachane e jele efe kapa efe;

- haeba bophara tsa majoe tse fetang disentimetara e 'meli;

- bakeng sa mafu leha e le efe a tšoaetsanoang;

- ho ba teng ha mafu a hore sitisa ea mali e tloaelehileng hoama;

- tabeng ea likotsi tse matla tsa dinama tse nyenyane tse masapo.

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore ho tlosoe majoe a liphio le tsa ultrasound o etsoa ntle le incision, e bohloko haholo' me o etsoa tlas'a akaretsang kapa ya selehae thethebatso.

Galena buoa li sebelisoa, eseng feela bakeng sa dissection tlase bohloko tsa lesapo le dinama tse nyenyane tse le bonolo, empa hape le ho fokotsa ho lahleheloa ke mali. A re hlahlobeng ikutloeleng ho phekola meno. Ultrasound maemong tartar tlosa tlase bohloko, 'me bohle manipulations tse ling tsa bongaka li etsoa bonolo haholo. Ho phaella moo, ho sithabela le masapo liketso, oa ultrasound e sebediswa ho tsosolosa botšepehi ba masapo robehile. Nakong ea tshebetso joalo ka sebaka pakeng tsa likotoana tsa lesapo e tletse ka ho hlophisoa e khethehileng e entsoeng ka dita lesapo le khethehileng mokelikeli polasetiki, ebe sonicated, oo ka oona dikarolo tsohle di ka tieo amanang. Ba ba neng ba ka buuoa ka makhetlo buuoe, e leng nakong eo tsa ultrasound e sebediswa, siea ulasan pelanggan tse fapaneng - bobeli ntle 'me negative. Leha ho le joalo, re lokela ho hlokomela hore bakuli kgotsofala ke ntse ho feta!