Tsa moko oa masapo ke moo? Moko oa masapo ke: mosebetsi, sebopeho

E mong oa dinama tse nyenyane tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa 'mele ea rōna ke ea mali. Ho na le boikarabelo bakeng sa oksijene, ke hore, matla a lisele tsohle, makala le tsamaiso ea. Ke ka lebaka leo a bohlokwa a ka nako ho boele u metšoasong ea lisele hore theha mali (erythrocytes, li-platelet, leukocytes).

Bophelong ba e mong le e ea lisele tsena e nyenyane haholo le ranges ho tloha matsatsi a 5 (leukocytes) ho matsatsi a 100 (erythrocytes) li. Sena se akarelletsa hore ho hlokahala hore ka linako tsohle ba ikhopolang ho nchafatsoa ha mali. 'Meleng ho na le makala a hore feela mosebetsi ona le ho phetha.

Batho makala mali-eaba ba etsa

Har'a mehaho e ka sehloohong ea 'mele, e ka sebetsa e le sebōpeho sa e ncha lisele tsa mali tse khubelu lesapo moko le spleen. Tsamaiso lymphatic e boetse ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse ao lesapo moko sebetsa. Moo ke matla ana le hore e emela, tšohloa mona ka tlase.

Location lesapo moko 'meleng

The diriswa ba likarolo tsa 'mele, eaba ba etsa lisele tsa mali, ntlha lekana. 'Nete ea hore makala a ka sehloohong sa hematopoiesis - e khubelu lesapo moko le spleen - ha di tšoanang ka tshebetso e bona. Ho joalo, ho lesapo moko ke ea makhaola-khang le ea bohlokoa tabeng ena, kahoo e le ea bohlokoa haholo ho sebakeng sona, palo ea le tshebetso e tloaelehileng bakeng sa tsohle tsa 'mele oa motho.

Libaka tse ka sehloohong oa lesapo moko diriswa ke masapo feela, empa e se kaofela ha bona, e le khubelu lesapo moko na feela karolo e itseng ea lesapo la, 'me ba bang - ka serolwana.

Ntshetsopeleng ya sebopeho

Tšobotsi kaofela sebopeho sa lesapo moko ho batho e tjena:

1. Moko oa masapo ke e beha le ntshetswa pele ho tloha qalong ea sebopeho embryonic tsa embryo ena.
2. Sethaleng embryo 'me joale e le lesea mo entseng, hammoho le ka mor'a tsoalo, nakong ea lilemo tse seng kae masapo' ohle a 'mele ke bahlahisi (bahlahisi) ea lisele tsa mali le lymphocytes, ke hore, mefuta eohle ea khubelu moko lesapo, moo bongata ba bacha lisele tse undifferentiated.
3. Ha nako e ntse, e nkeloa sebaka ke e 'mala o mosehla, e bopilweng ka ba kholo le tse nyenyane masapo tsohle tubular ea' mele.

Kahoo, ho hlakile hore lesapo moko ka ba ea mefuta e 'meli: le lefubedu le le bosehla.

Litšobotsi tsa bosehla lesapo moko

Ke mafura-joaloka ntho yellowish lisele tse thehoa hlahisa phelang lipoid dinama tse nyenyane tse. Hase karolo maling sebopeho kapa sebopeho sa dibopeho lisele maloetseng ha amohela. Ha ba ntse ba bophelo nka sebaka sa moko khubelu masapong a mangata, botsofali le fetoha mathomo filler diaphysis masapo e telele. Kakaretso ea boima ba 'mele dikahare la' mele ke hoo e ka bang 2.5-3 lik'hilograma. Sena ke halofo ea boima palo yohle ya moko masapo. The tšobotsi ka sehloohong - ho matla le ho fana ka masapo elasticity. Ho phaella moo, bakeng sa tsoa likotsi tse khōlō le maemo a sithabetsang bosehla moko ka nakoana nkeloa sebaka ke e khubelu e le ho tsosolosa mosebetsi tloaelehileng ea ajoa mali.

Sebopeho sa moko lesapo

The karolo ea bohlokoa ke e le karolo ea boima kholo ea lisele undifferentiated le khethehileng e bitsoang bakoang. Sena se etsa hore sebopeho sa a ikhethang le ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa bophelo ba motho. lesapo moko sebopeho e kenyeletsa tse peli tse lisele kgolo: reticular (stroma) le hematopoietic.

Lesela leo likarolo tsohle thehoa ya sebopeho hare tsa moko khubelu, e bitsoang stroma reticular. Ho tlatsa ka hare lohle la lesapo le na le thepa ea motheo e latelang:

• palo e khōlō ea methapo ea mali, a mo fa semifluid tumellano le khubelu;
• lisele tse fibroblast (bahlahisi ba fibrin le fibrinogen)
• endothelial liseleng.

Hammoho le ho reticular dinama tse nyenyane tse ka moko oa lesapo na le likarolo hematopoietic - lisele tse bakoang. Ba nakong ea khethollo ea 'me mofuta o botsayakarolo erythrocytes, lymphocytes, li-platelet le constituents tse ling mali le lisele tsa mmele.

Kahoo, ka 'mele o na le libaka tse' maloa tsa lesapo moko, moo ka sehloohong hematopoietic dinama tse nyenyane tse - e khubelu tse fapa-fapaneng tsa taba boko.

1. Epifazy khutšoanyane 'me nako e telele masapo.
2. Diaphysis tsa osteons tubular.
3. Flat masapo.
4. Vertebrae.

Joalo tokisetso le diriswa - le ntho e tloaelehileng bakeng sa motho e moholo.

Lisele tsa lesapo moko

Hematopoietic dinama tse nyenyane tse e na le lotho ea bakoang seleng ea sebopeho mme sebopeho tšoana le kokoana-hloko embryonic. Tsena ke likarolo bohlokoa haholo, hobane lisele tsohle tse ding 'meleng (le na le tse limilione tse likete) ke e khethehileng haholo le ka mohla nka sebaka liseleng tse ling ka lisele kapa perespetsializirovatsya. Empa ho ka thibela. Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba ba le motheo, e leng fana ka phahama ho tsohle nyenyane ea mali le ea mehaho e ea tsamaiso lymphatic.

lisele tse moko oa masapo ke theha likokoana-hloko tse hlano hematopoiesis, nngwe le nngwe ya e fanang ka phahama ho elements ho khetheha.

1. Erythrocyte lehlōmela hlahisa lisele tsa mali tse khubelu - lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, ho phetha mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea ho tsamaisa oksijene ho makala 'me lisele tse.
2. Granulocyte bopa lisele tse kokoana-hloko, eosinophils, neutrophils le basophils, tseo e leng tsa bohlokoa dibopeho phelang maloetseng, le di na le dipegelo lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali.
3. Lymphocytic lehlōmela fana phahama ho lymphocytes - motheo ea tsamaiso lymphatic.
4. Monocyte kokoana-hloko liforomo monocytes - boitshireletso bopehileng likarolo.
5. Megakaryocytic lehlōmela fana phahama ho bophelo ba liplatelete - e mong oa lisele ka sehloohong ea mali ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa ho hoama.

Kahoo, mesebetsi ya bone bone moko tla itšetleha leng ka sebopeho seleng, lijenereithara lona. Tsena ke mehaho e 'ohle. The nyamele mofuta bonyane e mong oa metsoako isang mafu a ka lintho tse tebileng tsa botho tse hlokang monehelo ea lisele moko bakoang.

lesapo moko

Sebopeho khethehileng le ha ho khethoa e motsoako ka hare la masapo a bataletseng e etsa hore ba bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa phelang. Tabeng ena re ka khetholla libakeng tse 'maloa tseo ka tsona mesebetsi lesapo moko. mosebetsi lona ka tsela e latelang:

1. Ke mofani wa thepa e tsoelang pele ea mocha, lisele tse foreshe mali, e leng e lokela ho ntjhafatswa letsatsi ka leng (lisele tse khubelu tsa mali a phela nako e ka etsang letsatsi, kahoo letsatsi le letsatsi, batho ba limilione ba bolaoa ke mehaho e tsena, 'me e lokela ho nkeloa sebaka ke tse ncha).
2. Eaba ba etsa e rarahaneng ya dibopeho, ho ea ka pel'a bohle taba le 'mele tsoang linaheng tse ling e le karolo ea' mele, ke hore, boitshireletso ba mmele.
3. Laola dikarolo ipatlele lisele le ho bolaea ba sa batleheng (mohlala, hlahala).
4. Ke fokotsa ho palo e kahodimodimo ho intša ho timetsoa ha lisele tse ka hare ho 'mele, e ka bakoa ke dithulaganyo pathological.

Ha ho pelaelo hore ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke melemo ea ho lesapo moko. Moo ke sebopeho e mong hore a ka phetha mesebetsi ea bohlokoa? Kae kapa kae moo. Analogues ka 'mele oa motho e le sieo. E boetse e fana bohlokwa khethehileng le ikhethang ya khubelu lesapo boko ba motho.

spleen

Qalong re ile a bolela hore ha feela lesapo moko ke ea bohlokoa ka sebōpeho sa mali. E, sebopeho hang-hang le boima kholo ea lisele tsa lona le khethollo ea lisele tse bakoang ke bath feela bakeng sa hae. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le makala a mang a hematopoietic hore thusa ka mosebetsi lesapo moko. Ea ka sehloohong har'a bona - le spleen. Tšohla lintlha tsa lona ka sehloohong:

• Ho erythrocytic depo 'mele, ha ho hlokahala (kgolo krovepoteri, ho sithabela, joalo-joalo) ntša e itseng eo di ea lisele tsena ka Blutwurst boima ka kakaretso.
• Spleen - molebeli, filthara, eo ka eona le boieane ba mali. Ho neutralizes ho felisa likaroloana baditjhaba qhala lisele tse shoeleng. Ho - e hloekile bohlokoa haholo ho 'mele ea rona.
• Liforomo monocytes - pelo dinama tse nyenyane tse sebopeho.

Spleen ka boeona e ke le mokhutšoanyane ka seemo le boima ba 'mele oa ka bang 150 dikgerama. Located holimo mala, feela ka ho le letsehali ea eona.

transplantation

Ka bomalimabe, bophelo fana motho mathata a joalo, tlosa eo e telele e ho nkoa ke ke ha khoneha. Ka mohlala, pele 1968 ho ne ho nkoa e le sa phekoleheng bakeng sa kankere ea mali. E tšoanang e sebetsa ho maloetse kang khaello ea mali aplastic, lymphoma, mafu lesapo moko. Maemong ana, moriana o fumane tsela feela ho tsoa - ho lesapo moko transplant. Tsamaiso e ke banyenyane, thata ka lebaka la ho fa tekolo fella tshusumetso le na le leha ho le joalo hase kamehla uneventful. Empa mong le e mong selemo, tshebetso joalo ba ho ba e tloaelehileng haholo le ho bebofatsa ho moralo.

Moko oa masapo ke transplantation e ka ba ea mefuta e meraro:

1. Hang-hang lesapo ntho.
2. Bakoang liseleng.
3. Thapo mokelikeli (mali).

Le ho khetha mofuta itšetlehile ka mofuta oa lefu. Kajeno, mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse tharo kaofela tse sebelisoang haholo. Bothata ka sehloohong a tobana le ke profesionalce - pokello ea mofani bakeng sa buuoa. Ho na le a 'maloa a ke litsupa ke eo e lokela ho ba loketse ho ise le atlehileng. bakeng sa hae,' me bakeng sa moamohedi ena.

kgetho ya bafani

Ho fumana mofani a loketse bakeng sa transplantation gomeopoeticheskih dibopeho ka ho thehoa maemo 'maloa:

• sehlopha tshwanelelanang mali (e seng kamehla bohlokwa, empa ea bohlokoa haholo);
• ho hloka boima kapa foleng mafu batho, 'me maloetse a tšoaetsanoang;
• tlhokeho ya mafu a mofani kelello le maloetse a lefa.

Hangata ka ho fetisisa bonkgetheng babatsehang bakeng sa monehelo na le batho bao e leng matsoalloa: bara, barali le bana kapa batsoali. Empa tabeng ena, e dinama tse nyenyane tse sebeletsana Guaranteed feela o ile a re ka karolo ea 25 lekholong la linyeoe. Ho thata haholo ho bona hore mohloli loketseng, e leng tla fana ka bophelo bo botle lesapo moko (photo photo photo photo ea kamoo ho bonahala, o ka bona sehloohong se). Ka lebaka leo, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho batla bafani har'a basele. batho ba joalo ba ka ba baemeli ba lichaba tsohle, merabe eohle le linaha tse ling tse.

Types of lesapo moko transplantation

Ho na le mefuta e ka sehloohong e 'meli:

• autologous transplantation - ha lisele tse bakoang li nkiloe mokuli esale pele le notletsoe ka maemo a itseng pele ho etsa opereishene;
• allogeneic transplant - lintho tse bonahalang tse e tlosoa ho mofani wa, e leng bohle ba loketse bakeng sa maemo a batho, ho akarelletsa le beng ka eena.

Ho ea ka ya data jwale botlaaseng ba boeta-pele ba lefatše ho mofani e fanoeng Jeremane le United States. Russia, bafani ba seng bakae feela, kahoo bakuli rona isoang lisele tse bakoang ea lichaba tse ling.