The Lorenz mothinya le mosebetsi oa eona ka moruo

The Lorenz mothinya ke kerafo e bontšang isa tekanyong teng ho kopanela matlotlo setjhabeng lekane indasteri le leruo.

Lilemong tsa bo-morao la bo19 - mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, chelete e kenang lekane e bile ka taba ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa tsa moruo tse ngata ea etellang pele ka Europe Bophirimela le Amerika. Bothata e ka sehloohong ea ho ithuta e ne e le hlahlobo ya e tla atleha le ho hloka leeme la kabo ea leruo le chelete, atileng moruo maraka. Ka 1905, Maks Lorents, e statistician American, e ntshetswa pele mokhoa tsa lona tsa tekolo ea kabo chelete e kenang, e ile ea tsebahala e le "Lorenz mothinya".

Ka kerafo ka x-selekane emela palo ea baahi ba ka peresente ya palo, 'me a selekane paatsepama - kabelo ea matlotlo ka peresente ya matlotlo palo yohle. The kerafo bontša hore sechabeng ho na le kamehla disparities ka chelete e kenang. Ka mohlala, pele 20% ea baahi ba fumana 5 feela% ya matlotlo, 30% ea baahi ba - 10% ya matlotlo, 50% - 25% ea chelete, 'me joalo-joalo. The Lorenz mothinya bontša karolo ea moputso oa attributable ho lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa baahi ba moo, thehoa boholo ba chelete e kenang sephetho.

Boemong bo joalo, ha a hlokomela sechabeng junifomo kabo ea chelete, ka nako eo le rutang ruri e ne e tla otlolohileng (bisector tsa hlaha ka lehlakoreng le pakeng tsa selekane sa abscissa le golaganya selekane). mola ona o bitsoa tekano e feletseng. Feletseng tekano ho ka khoneha feela ka khopolo. mola Sena se bontša hore leha e le karolo e itseng ea malapa fumana Peresente loketseng chelete e kenang. Ke hore, haeba 20%, 50%, 70% ea baahi ba tla fumana ka ho latellana 20%, 50%, 70% ea chelete kakaretso, ha lintlha tse lekanang tse teng ka bisector ena. Le tabeng eo, haeba chelete kaofela e ileng ea 1% ea baahi, joale e ntan'o ba kerafo ke boemo ba ne ba tla bontša hore paatsepama mola - se lekane ka ho feletseng. Kahoo, Lorenz mothinya lumella u ho bapisa kabo ea chelete pakeng tsa lihlopha tse fapaneng baahi kapa linakong fapaneng nako.

E Thehiloe ho kerafo ya di behilwe gini olahraga coefficient. Kahoo, Lorenz mothinya le gini olahraga coefficient haufi-ufi tla ama.

The gini olahraga coefficient ke pontshi ditirisanommogo ya tekanyo e sa lekane oa ho aba moputso oa dikgetho e fapaneng. The coefficient ile ntshetswa Korrado Dzhini, Setaliana nkita, demographer le statistician.

Chelete ka tlaase ho moo ka tsela e tsoanang ba aba, e le kamano e haufi le gini olahraga coefficient ho be le bonngoe. Unit tšoana le phethahetseng se lekane. Ka lebaka leo, junifomo feta kabo, karo-karolelano e tla ba haufi le lefela. Lefela tšoana le tekano e feletseng. Tsamaiso ea ditefello tse phetiso le tsoelang pele lekhetho ka tlisa ho mola kabo ya tekano e feletseng. E le phihlelo ea linaheng tse tsoetseng pele, le nako e ea kabo ea ho se lekane chelete e kenang e fokotsehile.

E mong e mong oa litsupa sebelisoa hangata oa ho aba moputso oa baahi ba e ka decile coefficient. E bontša le karo-karolelano pakeng tsa chelete e kenang, ka karolelano ea liphesente tse leshome ea baahi fetisisa haholo lefile le chelete e kenang e leng karolelano ea tse ka bang leshome phesente ya bonyane le tokelo.

Bakeng sa Russia phetoho moruo ea nineties ho ile tšoauoa ka e le mokhoa oa ho eketseha chelete e kenang lekane. Ho elella bofelong ba 1991, decile coefficient ne 5.4, ka 1995 e ile ea nyolohela ho 13,4, 'me ka 1998 - ho 13,5. The gini olahraga coefficient eketsehile ho 0,376 ka 1998 ho 0,256 ka 1991. The khethollo ea ba meputso, hangata tsamaea le moputso phapang pakeng tsa basebetsi ka liindasteri tse itseng le mesebetsi. Interprofessional le ya karolo khethollo ea ba maemo patala ka moruo 'marakeng oa bontša ka mosebetsi sechabeng molemo, ke seelo mosebetsi le ho ba koetlisa.