St. Michael o Monastery: tlhaloso, histori, moralo, frescoes le litsoantsong tsa mosaic

St. Michael o Monastery, ea khale ka ho fetisisa o halalelang sa bolulo ea Kiev, ho akarelletsa ho le tempele e majabajaba e rarahaneng etsoa ka lebitso la Lengeloi le ka Sehloohong Michael, oa mosireletsi oa motse. , Ho phaella ho undoubted melemo bonono le meralo ea kereke e khōlō ea, peculiarity ea eona e le hore e ne e le lekhetlo la pele ka ho Russia ho haha tempele Dome e tlotsitsoeng ka khauta. Sena se ile sa lebitso la ka ho sohle baitlami rarahaneng.

Cathedral, emisoa ke Prince Svyatopolk

Ho etsoa hore ba lumela hore kaho ea baitlami e amana ka lebitso la Metropolitan ea Kiev, Mikhail, e hlaheletseng ba bolumeli mokhabo-X lekholong la lilemo la. Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi oa kaho ea tummeng khauta-domed kerekeng e khōlō o ile a qala feela ka lilemo tse lekholo hamorao, nakong ea puso ea Prince Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha. Ho kolobetsoa, o ne a bitsoa le Michael, le kaho ea kereke e ne e le pontšo ea ho hlolloa hae bakeng sa ba ikokobelitseng fa holim 'a hae ho mosireletsi oa leholimo.

Emisoa barapeli khosana, Cathedral tšoaroa e le oa bohlokoa bophelong ba baahi ba sa hammoho le Kiev ne tlasa mmusong leholimong ea Arhangela Mihaila. Ke ho makatse St. Michael o Golden-Domed Monastery, ka mefuta e fapaneng ya tse e ne e le setho, ho tswa ho XII lekholong la lilemo la e-ba sebaka sa lepato sa lelapa bohosana tsa batho. E ne e le mofuta oa Pantheon, se bontšang ka tombstones bona nakong ea bohlokoa historing ea Kievan RUS.

khauta pele Dome Russia

Ka 1108 ketsahalo ya bohlokwa etsahetseng bophelong ba baitlami le: ho tswa ho motse-moholo oa Byzantium Constantinople li ne li isoa ho eena liemahale tsa St. Barbara, eo e ile ea fetoha tempelaneng se ka sehloohong sa baitlami sa. Ho nako ena, babatlisisi ba nka le tsoalo e ncha ka nako e sa neano meralo ea Dome manehiloe. Kereke ea St. Arhangela Mihaila e ne e le lekhetlo la pele ka ho Russia, moo Litsebi li kenngwa tshebetsong le popontshwa ena.

Hlasela Tatars le matla a tshebetso Poland

Teba ameha qetello ea baitlami nakong ea tlhaselo ea bafutuhi e makatsang. Har'a bona, tšenyo khōlō ka ho fetisisa ntlong ea baitlami e bakiloeng se sengata haholo Tatars hapa Kiev ka 1482. Ba timetsoa meaho ba bangata ba baitlami le timetsoa liemahale e babatsehang ea Khale Russia ho penta le ho ngola.

Ha St. Michael o Monastery, hammoho le Kiev kaofela, oela tlas'a taolo ea marena a Poland, o ne a litokomane neng e fa tokelo ea ho kgetha abbots le fana ka ho ipusa kantle ho matla a ho laela kereke ea metropolitans le 'musisi hatellang. Sena se ile sa etsa hore ntshetsopeleng lona, 'me, ho ea ka litokomane le histori ea ho mehla ea, ho bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-XVI, sa baitlami ea e-ba kholo ka ho fetisisa le ruileng setsi sa bolumeli ba Kiev.

loantša Uniates

Paka ka liketsahalo tse khōlō tsa Monastery St. Michael o ile a qala ka ho mathoasong a lilemo tsa XVII, ha Morena oa Poland o ile a mo rua Uniate - baemeli ba Segerike Kereke e K'hatholike, se leka ho jala tšusumetso ea oona ka libaka ka boroa le boroa-ka bophirimela ea Russia.

Boiteko ba bona ba ho inkela estates tsa baitlami le a felise ho Cossacks matsohong a ileng a sireletsa litempelana bo-ntat'a bona '.

Mali a ne a tšolloa basireletsi bolulo se ea lefeela. Thanks ho mphe sebete sa baitlami bona e ile ea tsamaisoa ke Kereke ea Orthodox, le Abbot lona Job Boretsky ile a nyollela Metropolitan. Letšehali ho ea ho phela ka hare ho marako a baitlami, e Kahoo haholo eketsehileng boemo lona, ho etsa ka lilemo tse ngata ho lula ha ka ho sa feleng tsa Metropolitan.

lilemo tse makholo liketsahalo XVII-XVIII

Tlang sethaleng bohlokoa bophelong ba baitlami ba ile ba qala ka 1654, ha ho ne ho e mabapi ea Kiev le libakeng hae ho ya mmuso Serussia. Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore baitlami Michael o lahlehetsoe ke karolo ea estates lona naha, e fetohile thepa tsa Selekane, ho lahleheloa ke e ne e le ho feta lefisa le hetman le balaoli Cossack, kgaotsa rua baitlami libakeng tse kgolo, teng ka le letšehali-banka Ukraine. Qalang ho tloha ka bo-1800 ho ea baitlami e ne e boetse e le ea bolulo ea moemedi oa Kyiv tsa diocese.

Nakong ea lilemo tse makholo XVII-XVIII e rarahaneng lohle la meaho e undergone le tsosoloso e khōlō ka feshene tsa nako eo ka mokhoa Baroque. Ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea boholo-holo, ho feta ea pele ho Mongol kereke akarelletsa Cathedral of Monastery Lengeloi le ka Sehloohong Michael St. Michael o. From eka feela aletare apse, likhechana tsa marako le Dome bohareng. hloko ka ho khetheha o ne a lefile ho litsoantsong tsa mosaic boholo-holo le frescoes hore khabisa marako a tempele. Ho lekane ithuta ka bo-rahistori ba tsa bonono, ba tloha se hleka le tsosolositsoeng.

Hopola histori ea pele ho Revolutionary ea baitlami ea, re sa re letho ho litho tsa baitlami a haha haufi le Kiev, 'me ke haufi le baitlami ba hae eponymous, le fetoletsoeng e le ka 1712 ka lemeno la. baitlami sena se halalelang le eena o ile a theha e le ho hlompha le mohalaleli ea motse - Arhangela Mihaila.

Ho timetsoa ha Cathedral le nakong Union

Le ea mong ho Tartars, kapa ka bahlōli baditjhaba Monastery St. Michael o se a utloa bohloko tahlehelo joalo irreparable, ka bobeli ho tloha baahi ba oona ngolisitse makhetlo Union lumeleng ho molimo bohlanya. Ha motse-moholo oa Ukraine o ile a susumelletseha ho tloha Kharkov ho Kiev, 'me o ile a nka e ngata sebaka bakeng sa kaho ea meaho ofisi, ba boholong republican laeloa hore heletsoe kerekeng e khōlō khale.

Ho sa tsotellehe tsohle leka ho boloka tsebo e tsoang ho timetsoa ha sefika buka e ikhethang ea boholo-holo, ka 1934-1936, mosebetsi ka qhaqha ea eona li atlehe. Litsoantsong tsa mosaic le frescoes ea St. Michael o Golden-Domed Monastery kerekeng e khōlō e ile mokhoa o sa fellang pholoha. Li 'nile tsa ba matlafatsa ka lebaka la se secha' me ba tsamaisa ka ho St. Sophia Cathedral, sebakeng e le setsi sa Kiev.

litempelana Orthodox, e fetohile musiamo likotoana

Ho pholosa mural litšoantšo "selallo" a tlameha ho haha, 屋内 pontšong holong ea St. Sophia Cathedral leboteng, hantle ho ikatisa ho sebelisa likemiso tsa sehalalelo apse Michael Kereke. likhechana tse ling tsa litsoantsong tsa mosaic le frescoes akarelletsa bokelleng limusiamong Moscow, Leningrad le Kiev.

Nakong ea mosebetsi Jeremane ea litsoantsong tsa mosaic le frescoes khabisitsoeng le St. Michael o Monastery, ba ile ba isoa Jeremane. Ka mor'a ntoa ba ile ba khutlela naheng ea habo rōna, empa a se ke a le mabopong a ea Dnieper, le ho bokelleng musiamo ka metseng e meng. The liemahale tsa St. Barbara, ka lilemo tse makholo, ke tempelaneng se ka sehloohong sa baitlami sa, ho tloha qalong ea sixties a patoa ho Vladimir Cathedral ka Kiev. Setšoantšo litšoantšo tsa Monastery St. Michael o ka bonoa Moscow, Leningrad le Novgorod.

E lokela ho ile a re ha e le hantle hloname haholo. Moralo ho haha mohaho tsa tsamaiso sebakeng seo pele e neng e neng e le kereke e khōlō e ka sehloohong ea Monastery St. Michael, o ile a mohla kenngwa tshebetsong. Ho timetsa ba sefika ho fetisisa tsa bohlokoa tsa mehaho ea boholo-holo le tempele teng, matla a setseng sebakeng sa eona naha eo e letsoatlare nakong Union bontša boikutlo ba bona barbaric ho histori ea bona.

tsosolosa tempelaneng

Ileng la ahoa bocha nineties morao ke meralo Yu Lissitzky, tempele e khakoloa ka la 30 May, 1999. Ho khutlela lintho tse ngata tsa mokhabiso pele, mabenkeleng ho fihlela nakong eo ka dimusiamo ba naha eo le pediment khabisitsoeng kopi ea litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa boholo-holo Arhangela Mihaila.

The belfry, lefsa ho latela setšoantšo boholo-holo, o ile a beha seletsa morao-rao tsa 'mino - e carillon. Ka thuso ea libini litsebi phetha sebopeho rarahaneng tsa moea.