Slavs - ke mang ee? Histori le litšōmo tsa Slavs

Historing ea Slavs ngata matheba tšoeu, eo nolofalletsa tse ngata mehleng ea kajeno "Litsebi" ka lebaka la lumela likhopolo-taba le lintlha tse unproven ho beha pele likhopolo fetisisa fantastis ka tšimoloho le sebopeho sa puso ea lichaba Maslav. esita le khopolo ea "Slav" le atisa ho utloisisa le ho nkoa e le e synonyme bakeng sa "Russia". Ho feta moo, ho na le ke maikutlo a hore Slav - ka bochaba. pherekano ena kaofela.

ea Slavs bo-mang?

Slavs etsa Europe kholo ka ho fetisisa ethno-puo ea sechaba. Ka hare ho eona, ho na le lihlopha tse tharo tse ka sehloohong: ea Slavs Bochabela (.. Ie, Russia, Belarusians le Ukrainians), Bophirimela (lipalo, Czechs, Sorbs le Slovakia) le South Slavs (har'a bona o tla bitsoa Bosniaks, Serbs, Macedonia, Croats, Bulgarians, Montenegrins, Slovenes). Slav - ka ha sechaba sefe ka sechaba - khopolo e tsesaane. Motho ka mong a lichaba a Maslav ho ile ha thehoa batlang e le ka mor'a nako, ha a ntse a Slavs (kapa ho ena, ho Slavs ba boholo-holo) ba abelwa ho tswa setjhaba Indo-European le halofo lilemo tse likete tse BC. e. Ho ile ha nka lilemo tse makholo a 'maloa,' me ba ithutileng sona ba tsamaea ba boholo-holo. Mathoasong a lilemo Slavs ne boletsoeng ke bo-rahistori ba Roma e le "Wends": mehloling ngotsoeng eo tsejoa hore meloko Maslav a loana le Jeremane.

Ho lumeloa hore ho belegetswe ea Maslav (toba ho feta, sebaka seo li ileng tsa bōptjoa ka sechabeng) e ne e le tšimo ea pakeng tsa Oder le Vistula (ba bang ba bangodi re pakeng tsa Oder le bohareng 'nete hore ba Dnieper).

ethnonym

Mona hoa utloahala ho nahana ka potso ea ka tšimoloho ea lentsoe "Slav." Ka lichaba olden ne eo hangata e bitsoang ka mor'a nōka eo dibanka ba lula ho oona. Dnieper ba boholo-holo se ne se bitsoa feela "Slavutich". Ba le motso oa le "khanya" e ka amahanngoa khutlela ka lentsoe le tloaelehileng bakeng sa tsohle Indo kleu, e bolelang botumo kapa notoriety. Ho na le e 'ngoe tlhahiso e tloaelehileng le sebelisoang malapeng: "Slovakia", "tslovak"' me qetellong, "Slav" - e feela "monna" kapa "motho ea buang puo ea rōna." Baemeli ba meloko e ea boholo-holo a basele ba neng ba bua puo e sa tloaelehang, ka kakaretso ha ba nka batho. Ba ikhopolang ho kgetho ya batho ba efe kapa efe - ho etsa mohlala, "Mansi" kapa "Nenets" - maemong a mangata, ho bolela "motho" kapa "motho."

Moruo. sebopeho ea sechaba

Slav - sehoai. Loanela ho baholo-holo ba naha ea Slavs ithutile khale mehleng ha tsohle Indo-ba Europe ba ne ba puo e tloaelehileng. Ka Northern Territory sebelisitseng labo ko labo-and-fsela temo e ka boroa - lale. Grew nyalothe, koro, harese, phofo, ba rye, folaxe le hemp. lijalo tsebahalang meroho: hop, beet le tse bonesitsoeng. The Slavs ba ne ba lula morung le steppe ka libaka, kahoo ba kopanela le ho tsoma le ho apiculture, hammoho le ho tšoasa litlhapi. Ba ile ba boela tsosoa likhomo. The Slavs ba etsoa ba boleng ka nako eo libetsa, letsopa, lisebelisoa tsa temo.

Ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea ntshetsopele ya Slavs teng setjhabneg meloko, eo butle-butle ba bile teng ba ka moahelani oa hae. Ka lebaka la ho matšolo a sesole a bafo ba ema ka ntle ho tseba; Ke ile ka fumana ho tseba naha le tsamaiso kopanetsweng ile oa nkeloa sebaka ke feudal.

ka kakaretso histori Maslav ba boholo-holo

Karolong e ka leboea ea Slavs ba ne ba lula le bapile ka mahlakore ka Baltic le meloko ea Majeremane ka bophirimela - ka Macelt, ka bochabela - le Baskitha le Sarmatians, 'me ka boroa - le ea boholo-holo ba Macedonia, Thracians, Illyrians. Qetellong ea 5th lekholong la lilemo la BC. e. ba fihla Baltic le Black Maoatle, 'me lekholong la bo8 fihla Lake Ladoga le tseba Linaheng tsa Balkan. Lekholong la bo10 la Slavs hapa naha ho tloha Volga ho Elbe, ho tloha Mediterranean ho ea Baltic. mosebetsi ona oa ho falla e ne e le ka lebaka la ho hlaseloa ea nomads ho tloha Asia Bohareng, litlhaselo tsa baahelani ba-Majeremane, hammoho le ho fetoha ha tlelaemete ho Europe: meloko motho a ile a tlameha ho batla linaheng tse ncha.

Histori ea Bochabela European Plain Slavs

Bochabela Slavs (baholo-holo ba Ukrainians ea kajeno, Belarusians le Russia) ho la bo9 la lilemo AD. e. Ba ile ba nka naha ho tloha Carpathians ho finyellang bohareng ba Oka le Upper Don, ho tloha Ladoga ho bo Hare Dnieper. Ba kopana le ba sebakeng seo Finno-Ugric le Baltic dinaheng. Se lekholong la bo6, meloko nyane o ile a qala ho kena se etsa lilekane le mong ho e mong, e leng se tšoaea ho tsoaloa ha statehood. Mateanong a mong le tsa Soviet e ne e le moeta-pele oa lebotho la sesole.

Mabitso a etsa lilekane tsa meloko li tsejoa ho bohle ba 'nete hore sekolo oa histori: e drevlyans le vyatichi le northerners, le krivichi. Empa molemo ka ho fetisisa e tsejoang, mohlomong, setsiketsi le Ilmen Slovenes. Pele ba ne ba lula hammoho e le ho ea fihla bohareng ba Dnieper le thehile Kiev, ho qetela o ne a lula ka mabōpong a Lake Ilmen le Novgorod haha. Ho ile ha hlaha ka la bo9 la lilemo "tsela ho tloha Vikings ho Bagerike" tlatsetsa ho phahama 'me, hamorao, ho mokhatlo oa metse ena. Kahoo ka selemo 882 ho na le e ne e le boemo ba Slavs ba Plain East European - Russia.

phahame litšōmo

Slavs ke ke bitsoa batho ba boholo-holo. Ho fapana le Baegepeta le Maindia a, ba ile ba ne ke sa na le nako e ho ntshetsa pele e tsoetseng pele mythological tsamaiso. E o tsejoa hore litšōmo cosmogonic ea Slavs (sa t. E. The litšōmo ka qaleho ea lefatše) ba le e ngata ho tloaelehile hore batho ba le Finno-Ugric. Ba ile ba boela a hlahise lehe ho tsona ho "tsoaloa" lefatše, le matata a mabeli ka ditaelo tsa phahameng ka ho fetisisa molimo o jereng silt ho tloha botebong ba leoatle ho bopa terra firma. Qalong Slavs ba rapela Rod le Rozhanitsy hamorao - mothofalitsoeng bo matla a tlhaho (Perun, Svarog, Mokosh Dazhdbog).

Ho na le khopolo ea hore e tla ba paradeise - Iria (Vyrii), Sefate World (Dube). The lithuto tsa bolumeli tsa Slavs ntshetswa pele hammoho mela e tšoanang le ha re tse ling tse le batho ba Europe (mora Slavs ba boholo-holo - ke European!): The deification ea liketsahalo tsa tlhaho ho kamohelo ya Molimo a le mong. E o tsejoa hore lilemong tsa bo-10 BC. e. Prince Vladimir ne a leka ho "momahanya" le Pantheon oa ho etsa molimo phahameng Perun - the mohalaleli tsa masole. Empa liphetoho ba ile ba hlōleha, 'me khosana a tlameha ho lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho Bokreste. Qobelloa Bokreste, Leha ho le joalo, ba sa khona ho ka ho feletseng timetsa mehopolo ea bohetene: Elia le Moprofeta o ile a tsebahatsa ka Perun, le Kreste le Moroetsana Maria o ile a qala ho ba boletsoeng ka litemana tse ea lithatho ea boselamose.

tlaase litšōmo

Oho, le Maslav litšōmo ka melimo le bahale ba ne ba sa tlalehiloeng. Empa batho bana ba entse hantle ntshetswa pele ka tlaase litšōmo, eo batho bao ho buuoang - lithokolosi, mermaids, litsosa, Zalozhnev, Bannikov, ovinnik le poludenitsy - a re tsebisa lipina ea, lipale, maele a. Morao lilemong tse qalang tsa balemi lekholong la lilemo la bo20 la lilemo o ile a re ethnographers mabapi le kamoo ho itšireletsa ka o khoi le tumellano le metsi. Ba bang ba bakiloeng ea bohetene phela ka ho loketseng kelellong e ratoang ho fihlela hona joale.