Ke eng manufactory? Tlhahisong ea maobane le kajeno

ke eng manufactory? Ka kutloisiso ea khale ea manufactory - mofuta o mong oa ho hlahisoeng liindasteri, a tlang pele ho ho thehoa ha khōlō indastering ea mochine. Leha ho le joalo, lentsoe "manufactory" e multivalued. E e sebediswa ho bona hore ho ba sethaleng ho khetheha ea ho hōla ea tlhahiso bathapi le mofuta oa khoebo bathapi. dilohwa eo hangata e bitsoang Textile lihlahisoa fektheri, khabisitsoeng ka mochine. Ha a bua ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea le ditheo handicraft, lifektheri, haholo-holo Textile le ho loha, o ne a boetse utloahala lentsoe "proizvodnje".

Manufactory - ke haholo-holo pukwanana tlhahiso. Sena se pakoang ke poleloana e reng "proizvodnje» (manufactura), thehoa ka tshwaragano mantsoe a mabeli a Latin: "manus" - "letsoho" le "factura" - "ho etsa". Manual mosebetsi o boima - e mong oa litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong tse khethollang ba manufactory ea lifektheri le lithupelo, mosebetsi oa ka eo e thehiloe ho hlahisa mechine e le conveyor.

Ho tlisa hlakileng ea potso e reng "se sa manufactory" Pele ho tsohle, o lokela ho sheba historing ea ketsahalo e sa lona. precursors lona ne Antique ergasteria (mabenkele), mehleng e bohareng itinerant tšebelisano, mabenkele a sekepe, 'me litloaelano tsa bona (mabenkele). Ho ea qetellong ea le guilds khale mehleng e bohareng, e leng lekanyetsoa craftwork, beha melao, ditaelo tsa aba le ho laola boleng ba lihlahisoa, ha e sa lumellane le linnete tsa mehla ea. Ho bopa le kutloisiso e molemo ea seo e manufactory, ke habohlokoa ho ela hloko maemo a ketsahalo lona. Ho hlokahala hore lihlahisoa khōlō hlaha nakong eo ka eona ho hōla Crafts le khoebo e finyelletsoe neng- libaka tse sibolotsoeng, ho ama 'marakeng ho hlahisa batho ba bangata. Kahoo, ho hola ha ho hlokahale hore ho hlahisa theko e phahameng dihlahiswa, tse reretsoeng ho kopana le se hlokoang tsa nobility ka nako ya le matla a feletseng a borena ka France (XVII lekholong la lilemo la.). Major tlhahiso, tlhahisong, sephetho le ka tekanyo e kholo ha ducal lekhotla, o ile a thepa ea ka tlung, tapestries, letsopa, ho roala mabenyane a, likarete tsa ho bapala le lintho tse ling mabothobotho.

The European pele haholo tlhahiso ea ho etsa thepa e nkoa e le ea porcelain manufactory, thehiloe a 1710 ka qhobosheaneng Albrechtsburg (Meissen). Hamorao, khoebo e ho proizvodnje lihlooho tse fapa-fapaneng handicraft ne ho bonahala eka metseng e mengata European.

Se manufactory, re ne re tseba ka morao ka XVII lekholong la lilemo la Russia. Ha a ntse a ho na le breech (ntlo ea borena) le mabenkele mohoebi hore na tse hlahang ho etsa thepa. kgolo ya e khōlō ea thepa ho hlahisoeng ile a hlokomela ka Peter I. Qetellong ea XVIII - mathoasong a XIX likhoebo le makholo a lilemo ba 'nile ba bōpileng ba mofuta ona, tse ngata tsa tsona di ka katleho ho sebetsa kajeno. Mohlala, Moscow moholo Textile khampani JSC "Trekhgorny proizvodnje".

Manufactory - hase feela sethaleng ka ntshetsopele ya tlhahiso ea morao-rao le liindasteri. Boleng ba lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka matsoho, boleng ke phahametseng hōle tlhahiso ea hae fekthering. E le kannete le ea bohlokoa haholo karolo e phethoang ke etsa thepa tlhahiso ea ka sa ho boloka lineano tsa bonono ka bonono le crafts bakeng sa tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa e ikhethang mehleng ea rōna ke e phethoe benghali matsoho.