Salts ea motheo. Category 'borates'

Salts ea motheo ke sehlopha se seholo sa lik'hemik'hale. Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa borate, halides, nitrites, sulfites. Sehlopha sa "salate ea motheo" se akarelletsa carbonates, nitrates, sulfates.

Sehlopha sa borate se na le mefuta e mengata ea metsoako. Ka ho khetheha, borates e kenyeletsa metaboric (HBO2), orthoboric (H3BO3), hammoho le ho sa khetholle li-polybic acid. Ho ea ka palo ea liathomo tsa boron, li-salts tsena tsa motheo li aroloa ka hexa, tetra-, di-, monoborates, joalo-joalo. Li-borate li ka bitsoa ka ho latela li-acids tse li bōpang, le palo ea moles ea B2O3, e leng 1 mole e tsoang ho oxide e kholo.

Tšebelisano ea lisebelisoa tse nang le letsoai (ammonium, alkali le tse ling) ka tekanyo ea khomo ea oli + e nka sebopeho, e le molao oa li-anhydrous le hydrated metaborate tse kang MBO2, pentaborates ea MB5O8, litraborate M2B4O7 le tse ling.

Li-borate ke likristale tse se nang mebala kapa lintho tse amorphous. Ka tloaelo li fapane ka mokhoa o tlaase-o-symmetry-rhombic kapa monoclinic.

Li-anhydrous borate li na le ntlha e qhibilihisang pakeng tsa 500 le 2000 likhato. Li-metaborate tsa tšepe ea alkali, hammoho le meta- le tse ling tsa lik'hemik'haleng tsa alkaline, ke tse ling tsa li-fuse. Lintho tse ngata li etsa likhase habonolo ha li qhibiliha.

Ho lahleheloa ke crystallization metsi ka hydrated monoborates ho hlaha mocheso oa hoo e ka bang lekholo le mashome a robong, 'me ka lipolanka ke likhato tse makholo a mararo ho ea ho makholo a mahlano. Ho felloa ke metsi ho feletseng ho lebisa tlhophisong ea lisebelisoa tsa amorphous, tse kenyelletsoang kristale ho likhato tse makholo a mahlano ho isa ho mashome a robeli. Ka lebaka la "ts'ebetso ena ea ts'ebetsong", ho qhibiliha ha karolo ea lik'hemik'hale le ho arohana ha B2O3 ho etsahala.

Li-alkali tse entsoeng ka tšepe tsa borata li tsebahala ka matla a tsona a ho qhaqha ka metsing. Ka ho khetheha, sena se na le mekhoa e metle ea penta le metaborate. Li-salts tsena tsa motheo li atisa ho arohana habonolo ke li-acid. Maemong a mang, ho senyeha ho etsahala tlas'a tšusumetso ea SO2 le CO2.

Li-borate tsa lisebelisoa tse matla le tse nang le alkaline li khona ho sebelisana le litharollo tsa alkaline, carbonate le hydrocarbonate. Li-anhydrous compounds li hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale haholo ho feta hydrated. Ka lino tse ngata tse tahang, ka glycerol, haholo-holo, e khelosa foromo e rarahaneng metsing. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea li-oxidizing tse matla, H2O2, haholo-holo, kapa nakong ea khase ea electrochemical, ho fetoha ho pexoborates ho etsahala.

Hoo e ka bang lekholo ea borate e tsebahala ka tlhaho. Ka kakaretso, ke salate ea Mg, Na, Fe, Ca. Ho lokela ho boleloa hore lintlha tsena li sebelisoa ka ho lekaneng haholo. Haholo-holo, li-chloride tsa likarolo tsena ke mofuta oa ntho e kang "letsoai la litsebi", leo le lona le sebelisoang liindastering tse sa tšoaneng.

Li-anhydrous borate li fumanoa ke ho felloa ke metsi. Ho senya kapa ho fusing ka B2O3 ka carbonates kapa oxides ea tšepe ho boetse ho sebelisoa. Li-crystals tse nyenyane li lengoa ka lik'hilojene tse entsoeng ka mokelikeli, ka mohlala, Bi2O3. Ho hlahisa hydrated borate ho etsoa ke mekhoa ea ho se kopane ha metsoako e seng metsoako le metsoako e mengata ea methapo ea borate ea sehlopha sa alkaline, ka ho neutralization ea H3BO3 ka hydroxides, oxides kapa carbonates ea tsepe.

Li-borate li sebelisoa ho lokisetsa lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa borone. Ka ho khetheha, e le likarolo tsa qoso ea ho etsa likhalase, li-enamel, likhaseli, li-ceramics. Lik'hemik'hale li sebelisoa ho hlahisa mekhabiso le liaparo tse se nang mollo. Li-borate li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hloekisa joaloka li-fluxes, bakeng sa tšepe ea ho senya le ea ho senya. Li sebelisoa e le li-fillers le li-pigments bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa pente, li koahela ho cheka, hammoho le li-inhibitors (retarding) kutu, likarolo tsa electrolyte, phosphors le tse ling. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng haholo ke oa calcium le boron borates.