Russia phedisano le dipolotiki mokhatlo oa o 1800-1900

mekhatlo ea sechaba le ea lipolotiki e Russia lekholong la bo19 la lilemo o ne a fapane bophara ba dikahare le mefuta e fapaneng ya mekhoa bohato. Sena se haholo-holo e behilweng ya qetello ea naha nakong e tlang.

Ho lekholong la lilemo la pele ka mokhatlo oa sechaba, lipolotiki thehoa conservatism. Karamzin (mogopolofela lona) o ile a re marena ha ka botlalo ho fetisisa kopana boemo jwale ya ntshetsopele ya thuto le boitšoaro bo botle ba batho.

Ka nako ea lilemo tse 1830 ho 1840 tsa lipuisano le halefile ka ikhethang tsa Serussia tseleng ea histori hapa didikadikwe ea sechaba. Kahoo, sechaba, lipolotiki mokhatlo oa "bophirimela ba" le "Slavophiles".

The lipalo ka sehloohong bophirimela ba ne ba le sehlopha sa liprofesa, bangoli, publicists Petersburg (Cavelin, Botkin, Granovsky). Ba pheha khang ea ka tsoelo-pele ea molao e akaretsang linaheng tsohle tse tsoetseng pele. The peculiarity ya Russia e ile ea bonahala feela salela kwa morago lona tsoang linaheng tse ling, bobeli ba ka makala, ea lipolotiki le ea moruo. Bophirimela ba ne ba lumela ka temoho ea e tsoetseng pele liforomo itokiselitse entsoeng ha bophelo ba sechaba le a moruo a mathata ao bohlokoa tobana le boemo ba sechaba le ba boholong. Ke ena, ba ile ba ba haholo-holo ne a bua ka bo felisoe ba serfdom, sehlopha sa ho se tšoane ka phahameng ka ho molao, ho etsa bonnete ba le bolokolohi ba bohwebi, ntshetsopele ya puso ya selehae e le democratization ea tsamaiso ea boahloli.

Bophirimela ba ba hanyetsa ho Slavophiles. Har'a litšoantšo tsa pele tsa mokhatlo oa sena ho lokela ho bitsoa barab'abo rōna Aksakov, Khomyakov, Kireevskys bara ba motho. Ba ne ba lumela hore mokhatlo oa histori ea Russia e radically fapaneng tseleng eo linaheng tsa Bophirimela European. Ka nako e tšoanang ba ile ba lahla khopolo ea salela kwa morago lipolotiki le tsa moruo tsa ntat'a, a bolela hore boemo e tšoauoa ka dissimilarity le melao ea Europe.

mekhatlo ea sechaba le ea lipolotiki ea 1840s ea e ne e haholo-holo oa balaoli ba le liithuti. Bonngoeng ba pota Butashevich- Petrashevsky. litho jwale kopanela mesebetsi a sebetsang a thuto, ho hlophisa tlhahiso ya encyclopedic szótár tsa dikahare tsa demokerasi le phedisano.

mekhatlo ea sechaba le ea lipolotiki ea 1860s ea tlatsetsa hore ho thehoe mokhoa ona e ikemetseng, e le liberalism. motheo oa lona ke tse ntjha limakasine, likoranta, 'mele ea moo ho intša, liprofesa tsa univesithi. Liberalism ne versatility. lepheo la hae le letšehali e ile amanang le ka tlas'a lefatše Revolutionary, le na le tokelo - ho bahlokomeli ba koaletsoeng kampong eo.

Ka 1860s mathoasong a thehoa Sleptsova Chernyshevsky le baeta-pele ba bang ba mokhatlo oa "Naha le Tokoloho" e ne e matla ka ho lekaneng hore ntshetsa pele a e-ba mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa tsohle-Serussia. Leha ho le joalo, hamorao ho ile oa aroha lihlopha tse peli. Ka tsela eo ha thehoa mokhatlo oa sechaba, lipolotiki, e bitsoang "kabobotjha" le "Will Batho ba". Ea bobeli, e ha e le hantle, e ile ea mohlahlami oa "Naha le Bolokolohi".

mekhatlo Russia sechaba le tsa lipolotiki tsa lekholo la bo19 la lilemo ho 1870s butle-butle ba ile ba fallela ho mesebetsi e ncha. Ho joalo, ho tloha 1874 bato e ile ea qala haholo boima tsoa ho sechaba, e neng e e-ba teng ka likete tsa bahlankana le baroetsana.

Pakeng tsa 1870-E - 1880-ogy Amplified mokhatlo oa Russia basebetsi. Ile a etsa hore mokhatlo oa pele oa proletariat ka Odessa le St. Petersburg, ho sa tsotellehe khaello lona, ka hlaoloa tsa revolutionaries lona maemong.

Mesebetsi sebopeho sa "tokollo la Mesebetsi", tlasa boetapele ba Plekhanov, qala ka ho fetolela le ho li aba ka Russia, Engels le Likhatiso Marx o. The Marxists pele ba pheha khang ea hore bokhaphithaliste naheng eo o se a qalile, 'me sehlopheng sa sebetsa le tla lokela ho etella pele ntoa ea sechaba khahlanong le puso ea tsarist, bakeng sa bososhiale le toka ea sechaba.

Ka 1895 ho Plekhanov le metsoalle ea hae ba bōptjoa ho lekaneng ke mekhatlo e mengata e entse ka mafolofolo literaeke bang basebetsi.