Russia Arctic morolo histori. Mokhoa ea ntshetsopele ya Arctic

ho ba teng ha Russia e sebakeng Arctic ka lilemo tse makholo. Le tsoelo-pele ea ho tsamaisa le matlotlo a mang tsa dibopeho tsa motheo e ne e le ntshetsopeleng butle-butle tsa Arctic. USSR concentrated boiteko ba bona haholo-holo ka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha ea merero ea moo bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea masimo a motho ka mong. Hona joale ba boholong Russia ba etsa boiteko ba motho ea mafolofolo ho haholo eketsa dipharologanyo ea ho kenya letsoho la matlotlo a sebakeng ya.

lebaka le utloahalang. Har'a ba litsebi le re - ba bang ba ntlafala ha tlelaemete maemo (ha e ile ha fumaneha ho feta masimong a), lefatše dithulaganyo ka lefatše moruo, e leng hloka hore ho ikopanya tsa tlatsetso lipalangoang litsela, ho kopanyelletsa le tse ka leboea e khōlō ka kgona ho be joalo. Mathata a ho Arctic tse fapa-fapaneng haholo - e 's ekolotsi, le lipolotiki, le litšobotsi moruong. Empa tšepo ea mosebetsi ena tataiso, ho latela melao ea ka ka litsebi, ke ho haholo bohlokoa.

assimilation

Histori ea morolo Arctic ke haholo-holo e hlollang. Tlhahisoleseding pele mabapi le sebaka se ka mehloli ea Russia intša khutlela lekholong la bo10. Haholo-holo ka mafolofolo ea tsoelo-pele ea masimong a hore hona joale hangata a bua ka e ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route. Lekholong la bo16 la lilemo le lebōpo-baahi ba ile ba khona ho fumana ho molomong oa ob,, 'me joale - ho Yenisei, e Lena. Ho na le, ka sa le joalo, litaba tseo tsoelo-pele ea motho Arctic ha e le hantle o khutlela ea boholo-holo, ho tloha Age Stone. Ka makholo a lilemo 16-17th basesisi Russia ba ne ba khona ho fumana karolo e khōlō ea lebōpo la Arctic, ho bula tsela e eang Leoatleng la Pacific.

Ka bohareng ba bo-lekholong la bo18 lekholong la lilemo la e lebōpong la Arctic ke mofuputsi ea Great Northern leeto, se eteletsoe pele ke Vitus Bering. Bo-rasaense ba ile ba khona ho etsa dimmapa bohlokoa le lintho tse bonahalang phagocytal. Mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, bafuputsi ba Russia ba tsoela pele ho ka mafolofolo hlahloba Arctic. Ba bang ba maeto ba boetse ba kopanela le bafuputsi ba tsoang linaheng tse ling. Ka mohlala, ka 1873 ba sehlopha sa lihlekehleke, ea bitsoang Franz Josef Land, a bula basesisi ba Austro-Sehungary Muso. Ka lilemo tse 1878-1879 oa ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route ho tloha qalong ho ea qetellong ea nakong e fetileng, bafuputsi ba ho tswa ho e kopanetsoeng Seswedishe-Russia sesole sa metsing leeto ka sekepe "Vega" e. ea tsomo pshatlang leqhoa "Ermak" e ile ea hahoa ka 1899, e leng ile a lumella ho theha puisano pakeng tsa libaka tse fapaneng e ka leboea ea Russia. Arctic morolo mohato ka mohato, 'me a kena ka lekholo la bo20 la. Ho sa tsotellehe makhetlo a thata ka mor'a ho October Phetohelo, ka 1920s ea, ho ile ha bōptjoa dibopeho tse 'maloa bao mosebetsi e ne e le ho tseba ka ho eketsehileng sebaka seo. Ka lilemo tse 1923-1933 libakeng tse lebagane le Leoatleng la Arctic, e Russia ebe Union bafuputsi ba haha liteishene leholimo 19. Ka mafolofolo hlahloba Russia North le ka 30s ea.

Ho tloha qalong ea e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa, ho ithuta ho Arctic nakoana ile a khaotsa ho, empa tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tsa tikolohong eo, e thehilweng ka lilemo tse fetileng, o ile a fana ka monehelo bohlokoa ho tlhōlo. Lilemong tse ka mor'a ntoa, e ka Leboea ea Leoatle Route ile ba boela ba etela bafuputsi ba Soviet Union. Libakeng tse lebagane le Arctic, ba ne ba sebelisoa hampe mobung ea oli, khase, le khauta, litaemane. Ho ntshetsa pele tsa dibopeho tsa motheo ea motse, kaho ea metsana e ncha, ho ne ho e kholo mehaho ea liindasteri. Histori ea Arctic morolo ka nako Union e ile tšoauoa ka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha joalo khōlō le merero feletseng bohlokoa, 'me seo kajeno Russia ntse sebedisa le tsa dibopeho tsa motheo,' me lefa la saense ka nako eo. Leha ho le joalo, pele ho naha ya rona ba talimane liphephetso tse ncha ka ho hōla ha sebaka seo.

Bohlokwa lefatše

Thahasello ho Arctic nang ha feela Russia. lebaka le ka sehloohong hore karolo ena ea lefatše e hapa tlhokomelo ea hoo e batlang e lik'honthinenteng tsohle tse pota-potileng - seholohali tsa tlhaho leruo. Bonyane linaheng tse seng tse 'nè, ntle le Russia, ba bolela ntshetsopeleng ya Arctic - US, Canada, Norway le Denmark. E mong le e naheng e na ka tsela e itseng metsi a leoatle a tsoa ka macro-sebakeng.

Resources ka Serussia Arctic

libakeng tse kholo ea karolo e kontinenteng ya Arctic ke ea Russia. Ho na le buka e ikhethang mobung ea oli le khase, le methati pele ka ntshetsopeleng bona, naha ya rona e se e qala ho kenya tshebetsong. Sena se ka bonoa ka ho khetheha, ka mohlala oa lebelo hlomphehang tsa kaho ya matlo libakeng tse lebagane le raka, athe Arctic - e le hore bafuputsi ba nakong e tlang 'me lihlopha tsa macro-mosebetsi o boima ba ile ba khona ho rarolla haufi libaka ka moso. Feela e 'ngoe ea Yamalo-Nenets ikemetseng ka District e hona joale e hahiloeng ba likete tse makholo limithara tse lisekoere tsa libakeng tse sa bolulo. Ntlafala le tsa dibopeho tsa motheo lipalangoang.

maikemisetso hang-hang

ke mehato tlang ka wa e leng tla ba tsoelo-pele ea Serussia Arctic eng? bafuputsi ba fetisisa mafolofolo le bagwebi ba naha ya rona ba nahana ka tataiso ea ntshetsopele ya Bovanenkovo oli le khase ea tšimo sebakeng sa sebakeng Yamalo-Nenets. Ho ea ka litsebi tse ling li, ho haholo-holo ho tla fumana hore na le tebello e bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya moruo karolong ena ea Russia.

E rerile hore ka ntshetsopele ya Arctic ho fihlela 2020 'muso oa' muso oa Russia tla qeta ka limilione tse likete tse 630 li-ruble. limilione tse likete tse 50 ho lebeletsoe ho hohela e le ho tswa ho ditekanyetso lebatowa. lipalo tsena fana ka boemo lenaneo la tsoelo-pele ea Arctic, ka nako e tšoanang palo ea ka e ntlafalitsoeng. Ka morero oa ho lenaneo loketseng - e le ntshetsopeleng akaretsang ya kaofela Arctic sebakeng.

Sebopeho sa naha ho Russia Arctic etsa qeto ea ho boemo bo le mekhatlo libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle le mose tse kang Murmansk le Arkhangelsk libaka, e Yamalo-Nenets ikemetseng ka District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Yakutia, Chukotka ikemetseng ka Setereke. Le monyetla mohlodi wa sebaka, ho ea ho ba boholong, ke e khōlō. Empa ho kenngwa tshebetsong lona e sebetsang e hloka boiteko ba bohlokoa tse amanang le ho tharollo ea litaba tsa tikoloho, leano la lisele. Ntshetsopeleng ya lipalangoang, matla tsa dibopeho tsa motheo, bohahlauli, tsepisa libakeng tse, tse kang, ho etsa mohlala, ho hōla ha ho Arctic raka, athe - haholo boima mesebetsi.

lirafshoa Yamal

Se Yamal sebakeng - e mong oa senotlolo bakeng sa indasteri Russia khase. Ha masimo a jwale ya hlahiswa ho feta 80% ya khase rona. Kakaretso ea mehloli ea tlhaho ea khase ka Yamal Hloahloeng - tse libilione tsa cubic metres. Ho na le boetse lia oli - lona mehloli tsena e hakanyetsoa ho pota 200 milione tonnes. na mwango ya setjhaba-poraefete ho ntshetsopele mafolofolo tsa dibopeho tsa motheo le matla a ho fana ka kangoo tsa khase e tsoang Yamal.

tsa dibopeho tsa motheo khase

Har'a lintho tse tlang pele ka ho haha le mafaratlhatlha ka Yamal - tlhahiso ea lng ba. Pele ho tsohle, semela sena e haufi le ho fedisa Sabetta, e leng se matlafatsang "Novatek". Bokhoni ba lebeletsoe hore kgwebo ya - ba ka bang limilione tse 15 boima ba lithane tse. Haufi le dimela e lokela ho fofane kaho, e koung ea leoatle e khōlō. E le lebeletsoe, ea tšimo e khōlō, ka motheo oa ea eo khamphani e tla sebetsa, - South Tambeyskoye, e nkoa e le kholo ka ho fetisisa ka Yamal Hloahloeng. mehloli lona - libilione tse 1.3 limithara tse dikubita tsa khase. Ho na le matšoao a hore mosebetsi ona o tla haholo-holo ba bua ka limmaraka tsoang linaheng tse ling. Rerile letsatsi la laele ho - 2016 selemo.

Northern latitudinal

Ntshetsopeleng ya Arctic Russia, ya e le hantle, ha e felle feela mesebetsi ho indasteri e khase. Har'a mekhoa e ikhethang - haha nako e telele leoatle tsela - e ka Leboea ea latitudinal tsela. Sebōpeho sa 'mileng ena ea likepe e name ho thoeng ho kena likoung tse kang Salekhard, Nadym, Novy Urengoi. Ho hlokomela ea lenaneo la kaho ea tsela ena leoatle le amahanngoa le ho hlokahala hore a netefatsa puisano pakeng tsa likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa Arctic macro-sebakeng.

tsa dibopeho tsa motheo Railway

Ntshetsopeleng ya Arctic e tsamaea le ho hahoa ha dinetweke tseo tse ncha seporo tikolohong eo. Sena ke bohlokoa ka ho khetheha, ka ho khetheha bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea masimo a oli le khase condensate, hammoho le ka ho ya ka ntshetsopeleng moruong oa sebakeng Yamal-Nenets. Ho e sisintsweng ho haha seteisheneng sa terene noute ob,-2, rala litsela, eo amahanya Salekhard le likarolo tse itseng tsa Northern Railway. Rerile ho haha borokho ka mose ho ob, Nōka. lintho tsena li lebeletsoe ho ba tshebetso ka 2015.

tsa dibopeho tsa motheo oli

Oli lipalangoang ho tloha masimo Yamal le tse ling tse macro-sebakeng hloka ntshetsopeleng ya tsa dibopeho tsa motheo e loketseng. Har'a diporojeke tse di etelletsa pele ho - oli "Pure-Pe" - "Samotlor". The ikhethang oa ho - ka maemo a libaka. O - the northerly ho fetisisa tsa ba ka sehloohong Russia lipeipi oli. Ka morero oa ho kaho lona - keketseho ka bophahamo ba modumo ea oli isoa ho tloha Arctic le Siberia ho isa karolong e Europe la Russia le monyetla ofe o ke diyantle.

tsa dibopeho tsa motheo motlakase

Ntshetsopeleng ya Arctic hloka selelekeleng mehaho tsa dibopeho tsa motheo motlakase. Har'a senotlolo - Matla "Polar". kaho lona e ile ea phethoa ka 2011. The instolwe bokgoni ba ho semela - 268 MW. "Polar" ke haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho thehoa ha e phepelo sitisoe ke letho la tlhahiso ea motlakase , concentrated ka Yamal Hloahloeng, hammoho le baahi ba metse e tikolohong eo, o etsa hore ho be bonolo ho nka sebaka litanka se felloe ke nako tse sebelisoang libakeng tse lieu. Ena a kena phokotsong morago ga moo e ba le ditefiso tsa motlakase le mocheso bakeng sa badudi ea Yamal.

khase e lokisa

Ho lebeletsoe hore le tlhahiso le lipalangoang tsa lihlahisoa tse tala ho Yamal Hloahloeng lokela ho go tlaleletswa ke liindasteri hape sebetsana. Ka ho khetheha, ikamahanya le tshebediso ya ho thoeng ke khase amanang. ha e le hantle hore mofuta ona wa ea lintho tse bonahalang ka ba motheo oa ho hlaphoheloa tsa hydrocarbons leseli. Ba, le eena, a ka sebelisa indasteri lik'hemik'hale le bakeng sa tlhahiso ea rabara, detergents, joalo-joalo Har'a tsa dibopeho tsa motheo senotlolo liindasteri sebakeng Arctic - .. Complex khase sebetsa Noyabrsk le likhoebo tse tšoanang ka Gubkinsky.

matla a moea

Ntshetswa pele ke 'muso oa Russia le leqheka khompani ntshetsopeleng Arctic e boetse e akarelletsa ho hōla ha mekhoa e meng ea ho hlahisa motlakase. tataiso ena ke mosebetsi oa kaho ea dimela moea ka matla. Ho ea ka e mong oa diporojeke jwale sebakeng na homolog mehlodi ya klimate bakeng sa tlhomelo ya katlego e sebetsang ea merero e amanang le ho hōla ha mehloli ea matla mefuta e meng. Tabeng ena, moea o matla dimela ho hahoa ha hloka tlhahiso ea tharollo feletseng ntjha thekenoloji - sohle se hlokahalang ke se a ntse a 'marakeng. Ho kenya tshebetsong tse etsahalang tshwanelanang khoneha - the bokgono moruo kenngwa tshebetsong bona ea e. Mmuso oa Yamalo-Nenets ikemetseng ka Setereke boletse boikemisetso lona hore e be motsetedi mererong hore tataiso.

bohahlauli

Ntshetsopeleng ya Russia Arctic e lebeletsoe, eseng feela ka e leng tšobotsi ea ho hōla liindasteri, empa hape ka tsela e fapaneng hanyenyane - ka bahahlauli. Hona joale palo ea chesehelang ba etsa qeto ea ho etela Yamal ka hare ho tsamaea, ha ho joalo lintho tse ngata. Leha ho le joalo, le monyetla oa tsoelo-pele ea indasteri e loketseng tikolohong eo ke ea bohlokoa. Sena se bontšoa ka tse fapa-fapaneng likarolo. Pele, ka Yamal Hloahloeng mofuta ntle. Tabeng ya bobedi, lichaba mona matsoalloa phela Russia, eo setso, tsela ea bophelo le ho amohela baeti ea sebakeng seo o fana ka tatso e khethehileng. Boraro, la Yamal - sebakeng se le leholo bakeng sa chesehelang ntle.

Le lekhetlong lena, re hlokomela hore ho be le thahasello ea eona e leng ntshetsopeleng ya indasteri ea bohahlauli, 'muso o ile a re ka Yamal. Ka sebele merero ea ba boholong ba - ho ntshetsa pele ntshetsopele ya tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa batsamai hammoho le tšehetso bakeng sa bagwebi kopanela hohela bahahlauli sebakeng seo. Litsebi tse ling li lumela hore e Yamal, hammoho le libakeng tse ling tsa ho Arctic, e tšepisa ka ho ya ka tsoelo-pele ea ho tsamaea Bay.

E leng tšobotsi ea tikoloho

ke mathata a ka sehloohong, ba hlokang eo ntshetsopele le atlehileng. tsa Serussia Arctic e ka ba ho le thata eng? Qalong ea sehlooho sena, re ile a hlokomela hore har'a libakeng eo hlokang tlhokomelo e khethehileng, - tikoloho. Har'a libakeng la mosebetsi oo o lokela ho ho sebediswa ho ka etsahala hore haufinyane, - ho hloekisa libaka Arctic moo likotsi tsa tikoloho tse bonahalang haholo.

Ntlha e ka litheko oli

Ka tlhahiso e mong oa moruo lefatšeng e kena e le mohato oa ho ata tsa litheko batlang e tlaase oli. Ka taba ena ho ba ntlha e mpe ka karolo efe ea ntshetsopele ya Arctic? Litsebi tse ngata li lumela hore litšenyehelo tsa oli le khase tlhahiso ea tikolohong eo e joalo hore esita le ha jwale ha se phahameng haholo litheko lefatše bakeng sa oli e tsamaisanang le mofuta oa mosebetsi ya moruo tla lula chelete e ngata.