Robert Merton: a biography ya setsebi litabeng tsa kahisano e tummeng. monehelo Robert Merton o ho kahisano

Robert Merton - the setsebi litabeng tsa kahisano e tsebahalang, morupeli le palo ea machaba, e 'ngoe ea bahlahlobisisi ba e etellang pele ba kahisano ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. O ile a khona ikhethang ho fetola maikutlo a stereotypical, eo nako e telele e neng e tšoaretsoe Bo-rasaense hore eccentric nang le tsusumetso e sa tlangoa ke melao le melao ea tsamaiso. Ke 'mele ona tsa mosebetsi le thehoa motheo oa bona ka 1994 National khau bakeng phihlello saense.

Merton o ba amohetse likhau tse ngata bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa hae. E ne e le rasaense oa pele ea sechaba, ea ileng a ile a etsa setho kakgolo tsa Academy National of Sciences le moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling ho ea Royal Seswedishe Academy of Sciences, o hatisitsoeng maloa tsa mesebetsi ea litsebi ka khopolo sociological le puisano boima.

Tse fetang 70 lilemo tse a ileng a fana liithuti tsa hae e puo e babatsehang ka ho fetisisa historing, lingoliloeng le etymology, hammoho le sehlooho sociological: mosebetsi oa phatlalatso oa, human anatomy ba khethollo ea morabe, ditebo tsa sechaba, ntle khahlanong insiders.

A re ke re ithute ka ho eketsehileng mabapi le monna enoa e moholo.

Robert Merton: A Biography

A hlaha ka Philadelphia, la 4 July, 1910 lelapeng la bajaki ba Bajuda. ntate oa hae e ne e le moprofesa oa thuto ea kahisano Univesithing ea Columbia, 'me' mè oa hae o ile a fa matla 'ohle a bona le thuto ea bana.

Rutehileng ka sekolong se phahameng Afrika Philly. Bocheng ba hae o ne a moeti khafetsa ho sebelisa laebrari Endryu Karnegi ka Academy ea 'Mino, Musiamo ea Art le tse ling tse litsi tsa setso le ho ruta.

Ha ke le lilemo li 14, o ile a fetola lebitso la hae ho Merlin, mora e mong oa batho bao ho buuoang ka ho fetisisa ea mohlolo ka litšōmo tsa King Arthur. Empa metsoalle ea mo bolella hore ho ne ho le haholo "boselamose", 'me a nkeloa sebaka e le Merton.

mosebetsi oa seakatemiki

mosebetsi oa hae sociological o ile a qala tlas'a tataiso ea George Simpson tloha Temple College le Pitirima Sorokina oa Univesithi ea Harvard, ea neng a ameha ka ho etsa lipatlisiso bonahetseng le dipalopalo.

Ka 1936, Robert King Merton amohetse doctorat hae ho tloha University Harvard. Ka 1939 e ile ea e leng moprofesa le hlooho ea lefapha la tsa kahisano Univesithing ea Tulane, 'me ka 1941 ba ile ba Univesithi Columbia. Ka 1963, o ile a fumana boemo bo phahameng - moprofesa univesithi.

Ka nako ya ho tloha ka 1942 ho 1971 o ile a sebeletsa e le motlatsi Director tsa Bureau ea sebelisoa Social University Research. Ho na le e ne e boetse e le kwa motlhatlheleding Univesithing Rockefeller. Ka 1985, ka kamohelo ya monehelo hae le ea bohlokoa haholo ho tsa saense le ea nako e telele 'me mosebetsi oa behang Univesithing ea Columbia, a fuoa e le sehlooho sa Doctor la Saense.

Robert Merton o ne a nyetsoe habeli. From lenyalo la hae la pele o ne a ena le bara ba babeli le barali ba babeli. mora oa hae, Robert C. Merton ka 1997 hlōla Khau ea Nobel ka moruo.

Robert Merton o ile a shoa February 23, 2003.

Meputso le likhau

Nakong ea mosebetsi oa hae oa saense Merton o tšoaroa maemong 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:

- Motlatsi Director tsa Bureau ea sebelisoa Social Research Univesithing ea Columbia, (1942-1971 biennium).

- Trustee ea Setsi sa Thuto ea Advanced ka boitshwaro Sciences ka Univesithi ea Stanford , (1952-1975 biennium).

- Mopresidente wa American Sociological Association (1957).

Robert Merton o ka se amohela likhau maloa top:

- e le ee tumileng lihlapiso ho tloha Lekhotla la Amerika la Mekhatlo Ithutile (1962);

- Selekane Moputso bakeng sa seo a se finyeletseng e ikhethang kahisano (1970);

- Makaratur Khau sekolong kalogo (ka 1980);

- Moputso "Ke mang ea le mang ka Amerika" bakeng sa seo a se finyeletseng e phahameng lefapheng la saense ea sechaba (1984);

- ka 1985, Columbia University abetswe kakabelo mo e le sehlooho sa Doctor la Saense.

Robert Merton: monehelo kahisano

Mosebetsi saense Merton e haholo-holo ba bua ka e le "khopolo bohareng kgatlhanang" ea ho hōla. Ho eona, o ile a phehella bo-rasaense hore ba qobe lithuto haholo khopolo-taba le thata, hammoho le dipatlisiso pedantic tse a hlola a ba etella pele ho sephetho behang.

Ha a ntse a ileng a abeloa lengolo e le seithuti Univesithing ea Harvard (1936), sehloohong ba hae "Sebopeho Social le Anomie" o ile a ngola mabapi le mekoloko ea boitšoaro khelohileng le tlōlo ea molao. A karolo e khōlō ea tsoelang pele "ho amehiloeng ka sociological" Merton a tsoela pele ho ithuta le ea sechaba taolo le ho kheloha mathata.

khopolo Robert Merton se tiisoa ke lintlha tse neng li hangata batho ba hlahloba menyetla ba bona sechabeng le mefokolo leeme; e sa thekeseleng monyetla ka batho ba leng maemong a tsohle tsa sechaba ( "Matthew e le hantle"), e leka ho go tsepanya ka nngeleng li qhalakana. O bontša fragility tsa liforomo tloaelehileng ea molao oa tsamaiso ea sechaba ka boeta-pele ka puo ea khale, melemo e ka sehloohong ea setso le melao-motheo ea litsebi.

"The ditlwaelo saense" le likhopolo tse ling tse

Robert King Merton sisintsweng e khethehileng "ho finyella litekanyetso saense ea" e le sete ya likhopolo tseo bo-rasaense ba lokela ho batla ho:

- communalism - saense tsa setjhabeng bulehileng;

- universalism - saense ea "ha ho khetholla";

- ho hloka boithati - ea saense ea ho itlhahlobisisa Link;

- hlophisitse lipelaelo - ea saense ea verifying likhopolo tsohle le likhopolo.

O boetse o entse e ngata sociological bopa dikgopolo tsa sebakeng seo, ho kopanyelletsa bopa dikgopolo tsa tse kang "ba ikhopolang ho phethahatsa boprofeta ba", "lebelloang liphello" le lentsoe "obliteration ke akaretseng" - ha khopolo thonyeditswe joalo itsesewe hore lona mothehi se ke ua lebala ka e le hantle ena khopolo. O ile a kenya mohopolo oa "linako" ho hlalosa tse sibolotsoeng tsena ikemetseng litabeng tsa saense.

tenyetsehe kelello

Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-60-ogy tsa Merton o itahlela ka ho ithuta lintlha tse khōlō tsa setso le tsa tlhophiso mosebetsing oa bo-rasaense ba. E ne e akarelletsa le and analysis phethahetseng ea mosebetsi oa ea Khau ea Nobel bafenyi, tshebetso tlhōlisano, kamano e pakeng tsa lingoliloeng le ho etsa lipatlisiso 'me mathata mofuta wa sibolloa le ho nkeloa ka lapeng ea "' muso" oa saense.

Setsebi litabeng tsa kahisano Robert Merton o ile a bontša ho tenyetseha hae kelello ho ithuta le lipotso mabapi le formulations mogopolofela le thuso typology le tlhophiso, ho etsa lipatlisiso bonahetseng le se boleloang ke sebetsang oa mosebetsi sociological sechabeng kajeno.

mosebetsi oa saense

Ka sehloohong mesebetsi saense ka bophelo ba pele ba Merton: "Saense, theknoloji le sechabeng lekholong la supileng Engelane" (1938), "Social Theory le Sebopeho Social" (Likhatiso 'maloa li ile tsa hatisoa ho tloha ka 1949 ho fihlela ka 1968).

Hamorao o ile a hatisitsoeng mesebetsi e joalo: "Seithuti Doctor" (1957), "thuto ea kahisano ea Saense: ya mogopolofela le bonahetseng Studies" (1973), "Sociological Ambivalence le ditlhamo tse ling" (1976), "lithuto tsa Social 'me a etsa mosebetsi oa ho "(1982).

Ba bang ba mesebetsi ea nang le tšusumetso e ena ka pokello ea ditlhamo e hlophisitsoeng ke Coser (ba ne ba e hatisitsoeng ka sehopotso 65th ea Robert): "Khopolo ea sebopeho sa ea sechaba: lipampiri ho tlotla Merton" (1975).

Ka lebaka leo, re ka bolela hore Robert Merton - e khōlō monna, pula-maliboho tšimong ea tsa morao-rao tsa lipolotiki le tsa sociological lithuto. O nkoa e mong oa bo-rasaense ba nang le tšusumetso ka ho fetisisa ea sechaba of America. O ile ea e-setsebi litabeng tsa kahisano pele ba bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso ba hae o ba amohetse likhau tse ngata le meputso. Ho pholletsa le mosebetsi oa hae oa ya diyunivesithi fetang 20 (ho akarelletsa le Harvard, Yale, Columbia le Chicago) Merton o ne a fuoa litlotla kakgolo. mesebetsi ea hae e saense le kajeno ke ka ya tlhokeho phahameng har'a bafuputsi ba le liithuti.