Pituitary:-hormone le mosebetsi. The pituitary tšoelesa le mosebetsi lona 'meleng

Pituitary (pituitary tšoelesa kapa ka tlaase karolo e leketlileng boko) - ke endocrine lekala, e leng hona teng karolong e ka tlaase ea boko. More ka ho toba, ka holim 'tlase ya lona, le ka pokothong ka lesapo, e leng o bitsoa ea Turkish saddle. tšepe sena monna boholo e nyenyane haholo ea hoo e ka bang erekisi ke sebopeho chitja bekha 0.5 feela c. Empa ho sa tsotellehe jwalo boholo nyenyane, mosebetsi oa li-hormone tse hlahisoang ke ho pituitary tšoelesa, e ngata haholo.

The pituitary tšoelesa. Hormone le mosebetsi

Sena tšoelesa nyane ke lekala ka sehloohong ea tsamaiso eohle ea rōna endocrine. The-hormone hore e hlahisa, ama latelang mesebetsi 'mele:

• ho ikatisa;
• metabolism;
• eketseha.

Mosebetsi le li-hormone pituitary hore e hlahisa, ba amana haufi-ufi. E le hore a ka ho phethahetseng ho feta fuputsa taba ena, nahana ka ho qala ho haha ena endocrine tšoelesa.

The pituitary tšoelesa. Sebopeho le mosebetsi wa pituitary ea

Ho na le likarolo tse tharo tsa sehlooho: pele, ka morao le lipakeng, e fapana ka hlahang ho yona bona le sebopeho. The pituitary tšoelesa qala ho ba le ka ho embryo ho ka libeke tse 4-5 ya ntshetsopele ya bokgoni fetal. Anterior lobe ea holim'a lona epithelial thehoa ho tswa ho ka morao leboteng la cavity molomo, seo ho thoeng ke mokotla oa Rathke, joalokaha e nyenyane molelele lehlomela. Nakong ntshetsopeleng embryonic, ho e ntse e hōla ka nģa ea diencephalon ena.

Kamorao lobe thehoa hanyenyane hamorao ho feta pel'a diencephalon tšohile dinama tse nyenyane tse, moo tsena likarolo 'me a kopanela. Leha ho le joalo hamorao ha thehoa le lobe lipakeng tsa pituitary e. Ho na le mokato tšesaane ea lisele. All tharo pituitary ke hantle arohaneng secretory litsoelesa, 'me e mong le e ba bona ba e hlahisa lihomone tsa lona. The pituitary tšoelesa (li-hormone le mosebetsi) nka karolo e khōlō ka kaofela endocrine tsamaiso e khopo monna.

Prehypophysis

karoloana ena o bitsoa adenohypophysis le bongata ba ea tšoelesa ea senya (70%). Ho na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea endocrine lisele tse tšoelesa. E mong le e mofuta oa seleng eo hlahisa bolelelane lona ea li-hormone e. lisele tse endocrine tsena bitsoa adenocytes. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea adenocytes: chromophilic le chromophobe, tseo le li-hormone tse ling li tsa maiketsetso:

• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - le boikarabelo bakeng sa mosebetsi secretory ya thyroid tsoelesa e.
• Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - di hlohleletsago ea cortex adrenal.
• Gonadotropic-hormone, e leng ho akarelletsa ho follicle hlasimollang le luteinizing hormone (FSH, LH), ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa mosebetsi le ho hlahisa bana.
• Kgolo ya hormona (albagbogg) - nang le boikarabelo bakeng sa khōlo e, ho di hlohleletsago li bole kapele 'ea mafura, tswakana protheine ka lisele tsa tsona li le sebopeho sa tsoekere.
• Luteotrophic hormona kapa prolactin, eo o laola tlhokomelo tlhaho bakeng sa bana ba, diabolololo, metabolism le kgolo ya dithulaganyo.

Pituitary hormone - karolo ea bona ea bohloeki ka 'mele oa motho e ngata haholo.

somatotropin

Kgolo ya hormona (kapa HGH) hlahisoang ha ruri lahlele etsahala feela makhetlo a 3-4 ka letsatsi. secretion lona ea eketseha haholo nakong robala, le Mokhathala le boima 'meleng le nakong itima lijo. Ntshetsopeleng ya li-hormone ena e lula a ho pholletsa le bophelo ba motho, empa e haholo tsa fokotswa ka lilemo. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea ho hōla-hormone ka lisele cleaves mafura le lik'habohaedreite. Ka lebaka leo, tlas'a tšusumetso ea somatomedins hlahisoa sebeteng, e ile ea eketseha seleng ea karohano le tswakana protheine, kahoo lesapo kgolo ya se hlahile.

Ha tswakana ya kgolo hormone, ka mabaka a eng kapa eng eo, e lekaneng, ho develops dwarfism. Moo boholo tsohle li boloketsoe 'mele,' mele, hangata ho tloaelehile. Kahoo, ho hlōleha ha ho pituitary tšoelesa kotloloho ama bophahamo ba motho ka mong.

Ka tsela e feteletseng secretion ea khōlo ea li-hormone e etsa hore gigantism. Ha hypersecretion le hlaha ka bongoaneng, boholo tsohle tsa 'mele li boloketsoe,' me ka ho ba motho e moholo ntlafatsoa hlahisoeng ha bo a bakang acromegaly. Ho bonahala eka disproportionate lelefatsa maoto le matsoho, e ntseng e eketseha ea nko le selelu, hammoho le puo e le litho tsa ka hare tsohle tshilong ya dijo.

Thyroid hlasimollang hormona (TSH)

hormona ena o laola mosebetsi oa thyroid tsoelesa e. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea oona ho na le secretion ea triiodothyronine le thyroxine. Ho activates le potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale adenylate cyclase, e ama uptake ya a iodine litareng e lisele thyroid. Ho feta moo, tlas'a bohato la TSH o etsoa protheine metabolism: eketseha tlhahiso ea asiti nucleic le tswakana protheine, khōlo ea ntlafatsoa le ho eketseha le boholo ba lisele tsa thyroid.

Tswakana TTG khona ho hōla tlas'a tšusumetso ea a batang. Ba itšoara joang batang eketsa tlhahiso ea li-hormone thyroid, ho isa sebopeho e khōloanyane ea mocheso oa 'mele. Glucocorticoids ka thibela metsoako tlhahiso ea TSH, ntho e tšoanang etsahala tlas'a tšusumetso ea thethebatso, bohloko itšoara joang kapa kotsi.

Ka tsela e feteletseng secretion ea TSH e bontšoa litleleniki tsa matšoao a hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).

Adenokortikotropny hormona

ACTH e tsa maiketsetso evenly ho pholletsa le letsatsi. Ea mahloriso phahameng ka ho fetisisa e ka hoseng ho tloha lihora tse 6,00 ho 8,00, bonyane - mantsiboea tloha 18.00 ho 23,00. ACTH o laola ho tswakana tsa corticosteroids, tse entsoeng ke lisele tsa cortex adrenal. The secretion ea corticosteroids eketsa liprofinseng matla maikutlong tse kang tšabo, bohale, khatello ea kelello e sa foleng. Kahoo, ACTH kotloloho ama maikutlo ho leka-lekana ea batho. Ka tsela e tšoanang ACTH tswakana e ntlafatsoa ke itšoare ka e matla ea a batang 'me bohloko, haholo khatello ea kelello' mele. Hypoglycemia hape di hlohleletsago tlhahiso ea ACTH.

Ka tsela e feteletseng secretion ea li-hormone ena ka 'na ba le pituitary adenoma, lefu lena le o bitsoa pituitary Cushing e. liponahatso tsa lona di: kgatelelo ya madi, botenya, 'me' mele oa mafura a bakoang ke ka 'mele le sefahleho,' me maoto le matsoho ho na le ntho e tloaelehileng, ho eketsa ea mahloriso ea tsoekere e maling, fokotseha tshireletso mele.

Lekaneng tlhahiso ea ACTH isang ea fokotseha ka tswakana tsa glucocorticoids le hona, le eena, e bontša hore metabolism le fokotseha ho ba le mamello tlōla phelang ho litšusumetso tikoloho.

gonadotrophin

Ba tsamaisa mosebetsi oa gonads basali le banna ba ka bobeli. Ho joalo, follikulotropin basali di hlohleletsago sebopeho sa follicles ka mae a bomme ka. Halofo ea e motona la tšusumetso lekunutu ka ea tšoelesa ea senya ntshetsopele le spermatogenesis (sebopeho sa peō ea botona).

Lyuteoptropin o laola ho hlahisa androgens - hormone motona (testosterone, androstenedione, 'me joalo-joalo.)' Me estrogen bananeng - (. Estriol, estradiol, 'me batho ba bang) li-hormone e motšehali.

Kahoo, pituitary tšoelesa le li-hormone tsa lona di amehang mosebetsing oa hoo e ka bang tsohle makala.

Kamorao lobe ea pituitary tšoelesa

Kamorao lobe ea pituitary neurohypophysis e bitsoa kateng, e entsoe ka lisele tse epidermal, e bitsoang lisele tse pituitary. Neurohypophysis, hammoho le ea pituitary anterior hlahisa li-hormone. Hormone tsa kamorao pituitary:

• oxytocin;
• vasopressin;
• asparototsin;
• vasotocin;
• glumitotsin;
• valitotsin;
• izototsin;
• mezototsin.

hormone tsena tsohle phetha mesebetsi ea bona e itseng ka 'mele oa motho. A re ke re bua ka tse ling tsa tsona ka thoko.

oxytocin

Ka mohlala, li-hormone oxytocin ama uterine mesifa ha ba beleha. Holim 'a lera la li-cell tse khethehileng receptors nahanela oxytocin. Nakong ea bokhachane, homone ena ha e eketsa ho boemong ba hore li ka etsa hore pelehi uterine. Nakoana pele tsoalang ho bona ka bobona le tlas'a tšusumetso ea e tšehali li-hormone estrogen bananeng eketsa nahanela ho oxytocin le ha a beleha etsahala. Hape, ho lebisa ho fokotseha ha lisele myoepithelial hore mohala tšoelesa mammary hore di hlohleletsago tlhahiso ea lebese.

Phello ea oxytocin ka 'mele e motona ba sa utloisisoe. Ho lumeloa hore o khona ho susumetsa mosebetsing oa mala leboteng, manyeme le senya.

Vasopressin (Adh)

Vasopressin (eo hape a bitsoang antidiuretic hormona - Adh) e na le mesebetsi e 'meli ka phelang. E na bohato antidiuretic, i.e. kgothaletsa metsi reabsorption ka ducts ho bokella ya liphio, 'me ka phaella moo, e ama arteriolar boreleli musculature (methapo ea mali e metle extending ho tloha methapo e), i.e. Ho kgona ho tšesaane lumen bona. Ea mahloriso fisioloji ena ketso hase eena ea bakang le phello e bohlokoa ka phelang, 'me ka tekanyetso diokobatsi ha tsamaisoa Adh foromo seka-bo hloekileng arterioles haholo narrowed, e bakang ho eketseha ha khatello.

Kahoo, kamorao pituitary-hormone ha ba khona ho etsa hore lekaneng ntshetsopele ya lefu la tsoekere insipidus (antidiuretic bohato) eo ho eona letsatsi le ka ho lahleheloa ke ho etsang dilitara tse 15 ea mokelikeli (moroto khumo hammoho). ho lahleheloa ke ena e lokela ho tsoela pele ho replenished. Batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere insipidus tobana lenyora kamehla.

The lipakeng lobe ea pituitary ea

Nakwana bolelelane e boetse e hlahisa 'maloa ba li-hormone, ho etsa mohlala, li akarelletsa melanostimuliruyuschy hormone, eo ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa letlalo le' mala moriri. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea oona entseng pigment melanin, eo o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho batho ba boitsebiso morabe.

Meaning of hormone pituitary

Pituitary (li-hormone le mesebetsi lona hlalositsoeng ka holimo) sebetsa hammoho le hypothalamus (Lefapha la diencephalon), ho feta toba, nuclei lona neurosecretory. Hammoho ba etsa tsamaiso hypothalamo-pituitary. Ho laola tšebetso ea ho litsoelesa tsohle pheriferale endocrine. Tlōlo ea pituitary mosebetsi (mafu hormonal) isang le liphello tse tebileng. mathata ana amehang endocrinologist.

The pituitary tšoelesa le mosebetsi oa eona 'mele ke tsa bohlokoa haholo. Ba fumana tshebetso e nepahetseng ka makala ohle le tsamaiso ea.

Mafu a le bolwetse

Ha mathata a hlaha joalo e nyenyane endocrine tšoelesa ke pituitary hormona le mesebetsi lona u se ke ua sebetsa hantle, 'me ka' mele oa motho ka ba le mafu a ka lintho tse tebileng:

• acromegaly;
• gigantism;
• lefu la tsoekere insipidus;
• pituitary hypothyroidism kapa hyperthyroidism;
• pituitary hypogonadism;
• hyperprolactinemia;
• pituitary dwarfism;
• lefu Cushing ya;
• Sheehan ya lefu.

mafu a joalo a ka hlaha haeba pituitary tšoelesa e sa tsa maiketsetso e hormone, kapa a 'maloa, kapa, ho fapana le hoo, mali phallang haholo ba bangata ba bona. Mosebetsi le pituitary-hormone bakeng sa 'mele ke tsa bohlokoa. tlōlo bona ho ka etsa hore mefuta e fapaneng ya pathologies tse hlokang hore ka tsela e tebileng 'me hangata e hloka hore li-hormone phekolo.