Palo ea metheo. Mohlala oa ho bala motheo oa qubu, tepi, columnar, monolithic, slab. Ho khetholla motheo oa motheo: mohlala. Palo ea motheo bakeng sa rollover: mohlala

Tšebeliso ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng e tla tsamaisa moralo le lipalo tsa motheo, mohlala oa ho bala motheo o tla nolofatsa lipalo. Ho itšetlehile ka litlhahiso tse fanoeng sehloohong sena, liphoso li ka qojoa ha ho hahoa mohaho o khethiloeng (columnar, qubu, tepi kapa plate).

Motheo oa leqhoa

Ka mohlala, mohaho o mong oa lithako o nang le litekanyetso molemong oa 6x6 m o sebelisoa, hape o na le marako a tsoang horeng ea 15x15 cm (boima ba bongata ke 789 kg / m³), ho nkiloe ka ntle ho marang-rang a ho koala li-roll. Kamoreng e ka tlaase ea mohaho e entsoe ka konkreite: bolelele - 800 mm le bophara - 200 mm (boima bo bongata ba thepa ea konkreiti - 2099 kg / m³). E thehiloe ka sefate sa konkreite se matlafetseng se nang le sefapano sa 20x15 (litekanyetso tsa molumo oa konkreite e matlafetseng - 2399). Marako a na le bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 300, 'me marulelo a marulelo a khetholloa ke maralla a mabeli. Moriri le marulelo li entsoe ka mapolanka, a marapeng a nang le karolo ea 15x5, hape a kenngoa ka majoe ka boea ba diminerale (boima ba bongata ba boima ba 299 kg).

Ho tseba mekhoa ea lits'ebeletso (ho ea ka SNiP), hoa khoneha ho bala metheo hantle. Mohlala oa ho bala motheo o tla u lumella ho potlakela ho etsa lipalo bakeng sa mohaho oa hau.

Melao ea lits'ebeletso

• Ho plinth - 149.5 lik'hilograma / m².
• Ka kamoreng e marang-rang - 75.
• Boemo ba moroalo oa lehloa bakeng sa sebaka se karolong e bohareng ea Russia Federation ke 99 lik'hilograma / m² ka kamoreng ea marulelo (ka karolong e sa fellang).
• Mefuta e sa tšoaneng e sebelisoa ho metheo ea likhahla tse fapaneng.

Khatello ho ngoe le e 'ngoe

Lipontšo tse nepahetseng tsa mekhoa ea melao le melao e lumella hore u tsebe ho bala motheo. Mohlala oa ho bala motheo o fuoa monyetla oa ho qala lihahi.

Khatello ea mohaho e tsamaeang le "1" le "3" (marako a feteletseng):

• Ho tloha leboteng la mohaho oa mohaho o koahelang: 600 x 300 cm = 1800 cm². Letšoao lena le atolosoa ke bophara ba bophara ba cm 20 cm (ho kenyelletsa le ntle ho trim). E hlaha: 360 cm³ x 799 kg / m³ = 0,28 lithane.
• Ho tswa ho handball: 20 x 15 x 600 = 1800 cm³ x 2399 ~ 430 kg.
• Ho tloha mokokotlong: 20 x 80 x 600 = 960 cm³ x 2099 ~ 2160 kg.
• Ho tloha mokokotlong. Boima ba kakaretso bohle bo baloa, ebe karolo ea 1/4 ea eona e nkiloe.

Lintlha tse nang le mahlakoreng a 5x15 li kenngoa ka limilimithara tse 500 mm. Boima ba tsona ke 200 cm³ x 800 kg / m³ = 1600 kg.

Ho hlokahala hore ho khethoe boima ba sekoahelo sa mobu le binder, se kenyelletsoeng palo ea metheo. Mohlala oa ho lekanya motheo o bontša sekhahla sa bophara ba 3 cm.

Molumo ke 6 mm x 360 cm² = 2160 cm³. Ho feta moo, boleng bo ata ka 800, kakaretso ke 1700 kg.

Ho koaloa ha moriri o nang le moriri o na le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 15.

Li-index li lekana le 15 x 360 = 540 cm³. Ha re atisa ka bongata ba 300.01, re fumana lik'hilograma tse 1620.

Kakaretso: 1600.0 + 1700.0 + 1600.0 = 4900.0 kg. Re arola ka 4, re fumana lithane tse 1,25.

• Ho tloha maropong ~ 1200 lik'hilograma;
• Ho tloha marulelong: boima ba palo e le 'ngoe (marulelo a 1/2), ho nahanela boima ba lifate, liphahlo le marang-rang - li 50 kg / m² x 24 = 1200 kg.

Mojaro o tloaelehileng bakeng sa mehaho e mebala-bala (bakeng sa "ax" e "1" le "3" ho hlokahala hore u fumane 1/4 ea khatello ea bokahohle marulelong) e lumella ho bala ha motheo oa qubu. Mohlala oa moqapi ona o loketse bakeng sa mohaho oa khatiso.

• Ho tloha boleng: (600.0 x 600.0) / 4 = 900.0 x 150.0 kg / m² = 1350.0 kg.
• Ho tloha kamoreng ea marulelo: ka makhetlo a mabeli ho feta ho tloha ka kamoreng e ka tlaase
• Ho tloha lehloa: (lik'hilograma tse 100 / m² x 360 cm²) / 2 = 1800 kg.

Ka lebaka la sena: pontšo e feletseng ea lisebelisoa tsa moralo ke lithane tse 9.2, khatello e tloaelehileng ke 4.1. Nthong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea "1" le "3" ho na le mojaro oa lithane tse 13.3.

Khatello e matla holim'a "2" motsoako (karolelano ea bolelele ba nako e telele):

• Ho tloha ntlo ea marang-rang ea li-wall slabs, randbalki le marang-rang a maholo a tšoantšetso ho latela litekanyetso tsa "1" le "3": 3000 + 500 + 2000 = 5500 kg.
• Ho tloha mokokotlong le marulelong ba na le matšoao a mabeli: 2600 + 2400 = 5000 kg.

Ka tlaase ke moroalo oa normative le palo ea motheo oa motheo. Mohlala o sebelisoa ka litekanyetso tse lekanyelitsoeng:

• Ho tloha mosebetsing: 2800 lik'hilograma.
• Ho tloha marulelong: 1400.

Ka lebaka la sena: ponts'o ea kakaretso ea khatello ea mochine ke lithane tse 10,5, tekanyo e boima ke lithane tse 4,2. Lekhala "2" le boima ba hoo e ka bang 14700 lik'hilograma.

Khatello ea "A" le "B" marumo (litsela tse sabaletseng)

Litekanyo li entsoe ho nahanisisa ka boima ba thepa ea marang-rang a marako a marang, li-bars le setsi (3, 0.5 le 2). Khatello ea motheo holim'a marako a tla ba: 3000 + 500 +2000 = 5500 kg.

Palo ea lipalo

Ho fumana palo e hlokahalang ea lipalo tse nang le karolo ea 0,3 m, ho hanyetsa mobu (R) ho nkoa:

• Ho R = 2.50 kg / cm² (e leng pontšo e sebelisoang khafetsa) le sebaka seo ho buuoang ka sona ka lieta ke 7.06 m² (ho bonolo ho bala ho nka tekanyo e nyenyane - 7 m²), matla a ho jara thepa e le 'ngoe ke: P = 2.5 x 7 = 1 , Lithane tse 75.
• Mohlala oa ho bala motheo o motsoako oa mobu o hanyetsanang R = 1.50 o nka foromo e latelang: P = 1.5 x 7 = 1.05.
• Bakeng sa R = 1.0, khoeli e le 'ngoe e khetholloa ke matla a boima P = 1.0 x 7 = 0.7.
• Khahlano ea mobu oa metsi ke makhetlo a mabeli ho tlase ho litekanyetso tse fokolang tsa litekanyetso tse behiloe, tse ka bang 1,0 kg / cm². Ka botebo ba lisenthimithara tse 150, ka karolelano ke 0.55. Boikarabelo ba kakaretso ke P = 0.6 x 7 = 0.42.

Ha ntlo e khethiloeng e tla hloka molumo oa 0,02 m³ oa konkreite e matlafetseng.

Placements

• Ka tlas'a marako a lebota: meleng ea "1" le "3" ka boima ba lithane tse 13.3.
• Ka lehlakoreng la "2" le boima ba ~ 14,700 lik'hilograma.
• Ka tlas'a lerako le phunyeletsoang ka likhahla "A" le "B" tse boima ba ~ 5500 kg.

Haeba o hloka ho bala motheo oa rollover, mohlala oa lipalo le mekhoa e fanoa bakeng sa matlo a maholo a matlo. Bakeng sa libaka tsa metse e meholo ha li sebelisoe. Ela hloko haholo-holo e lefshoa ho ajoa ha mojaro, o hlokang ho bala ka hloko palo ea lipalo.

Mehlala ea ho bala palo ea lipalo bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea mobu

Mohlala 1:

R = 2.50 kg / cm²

Bakeng sa li-wall slabs hammoho le likarolo tsa "1" le "3":

13,3 / 1,75 ~ 8 likarolo.

Ka hare ho "2":

14.7 / 1.75 ~ 9 pcs.

Likarolong tsa "A" le "B":

5.5 / 1.75 = 3.1.

Ke lipalo tse ka bang 31 feela. Lethathamo la boleng ba konkreite ke 31 x 2 mm³ = 62 cm³.

Mohlala 2:

R = 1.50

Moleng oa "1" le "3" ~ bakeng sa likhaolo tse 12.

Ka hare ho "2" ~ 14.

Likarolong tsa "A" le "B" ~ 6.

Kakaretso ~ likotoana tse 50. Lethathamo la boleng ba konkreite ke ~ 1,0 m³.

Mohlala 3:

Ka tlaase u ka fumana hore na ho baloa ha motheo oa monolithic ho etsoa joang . Mohlala o fanoa bakeng sa mobu o nang le letlapa la R = 1.0. E na le foromo e latelang:

Moleng oa "1" le "2" ~ likotoana tse 19 ka 'ngoe.

Lerako "2" ~ 21.

Ka likarolo "A" le "B" ~ ka 8.

Kakaretso - lipalo tse 75. Lethathamo la boleng ba konkreite ke ~ 1.50 m³.

Mohlala 4:

R = 0.60

Moleng oa "1" le "3" ~ 32 likotoana tse 32 ka 'ngoe.

Ka hare ho "2" ~ 35.

Ka likarolo "A" le "B" ~ 13.

Kakaretso - litšiea tse 125. Lethathamo la boleng ba konkreiti ke ~ 250 cm³.

Likaleng tse peli tse qalang, mehala ea sekhutlo e behiloe ka lehlakoreng la likhahla, 'me ho latela litekanyetso tsa longitudinal - ka lehare le le leng. Tlas'a karolo ea motheo ea litšiea tsa lipalo tse neng li etsoa li ile tsa matlafatsa chelete ea konkreite ka mokhoa ona.

Ka mohlala palo ea 3 lihlahantsoaneng tsa li-intersecting li behoa ka litšiea tse 3. Palo e ts'oanang ea mekoti e arotsoe hammoho le likhahla "1", "2" le "3". Har'a lihahi, theknoloji ena e bitsoa "lihlahla". Sebakeng se seng sa "sehlahla" ho hlokahala hore ho thehoe konkreite e tloaelehileng e entsoeng ka konkreite e nang le ho kenngoa hoa lipalo tse neng li le lihlahisoa "A" le "B" tsa li-randbals.

Mohlala No. 4 o etsa hore ho khonehe ho haha "lihlahla" ho tloha lipalong tse 4 ka lehlakoreng le ka lehlakoreng le leng la longitudinal (1-3), ka ho kenngoa lihlooho tsa lihlooho. Li behoa tlas'a leoto la kamoreng e ka tlaase.

Setsi sa mabanta

Ho bapisa, ho baloa ha motheo oa lihlopha ho etsoa ka tlase. Mohlala o fanoa ka ho nahanisisa ka botebo ba marako a 150 cm (bophara - 40). Letamo le tla tlala motsoako oa lehlabathe ka 50 cm, ebe o tla tlala konkreite ho bophahamo ba mithara e le 'ngoe. Ho tla hlokahala hore u hlahise mobu (1800 cm³), beha karolo ea lehlabathe (600) le motsoako oa concrete (1200).

Har'a lihlooho tse 4 tsa likarolo tsa ho bapisa, karolo ea boraro e nkiloe.

Sebaka se entsoeng ka mosebetsi se etsoa sebakeng sa 75 cm³ ka tšebeliso ea mobu ea methapo ea lithareng tse 1,5, kapa ka tlase ho 12 (mobu o mong o sebelisetsoa ho khutlisetsa morao). Tlhoko ea khamera ea konkreite ke cm cm 150, kapa ka tlase ho 8, mme karolong ea lehlabathe - 100 (ho hlokahala tlas'a sefate sa palo). Haufi le motheo ke seboti se hlahlobang, se u lumellang ho tseba boemo ba mobu. Ho ea ka dintlha tsa 1 le 2, ho hanyetsa ho khethoa.

Bohlokoa! Meleng e ka tlaase, lintlha tsena li tla lumella hore ho be le motheo oa slab - mohlala o fanoa bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea mobu.

Khahlano ea mobu oa lehlabathe

Letlapa. 1

Ho hanyetsa mobu botlaaseng, kg / cm ³

Karolo ea lehlabathe	Boemo ba sekhahla
	Tšoanyane	Boima ba sekhahla
E kholo	4.49	3.49
Karolelano	3.49	2.49
Tse nyenyane: ho lihela / metsi	3-2.49	2
Dusty: mauve / metsi	2.49-1.49	2-1

Letlapa. 2

Khahlanong le mobu oa letsopa

Mobu	Nete Bolokolohi	Khahlanong le mobu, Kg / cm 3
		E tiile	Plastiki
Sandy loam	0.50 / 0.70	3.0-2.50	2.0-3.0
Loam	0.50-1.0	2.0-3.0	1.0-2.50
Mobu oa mobu	0.50-1.0	2.50-6.0	1.0-4.0

Motheo oa lipoleiti

Sethaleng sa pele, botenya ba slab bo baloa. Nka boima bo kopaneng ba kamoreng, ho kenyelletsa le boima ba ho kenya, ho roala le lits'ebeletso tse eketsehileng. Ho latela letšoao lena le sebaka sa slab, moralo ona o lekanya khatello e tsoang molemong oa mobu ntle le boima ba setsi.

Ho baloa hore na ke boka bo bokae ba khatello e fanoeng mobu (bakeng sa lehlabathe le setle sena se ka 0,35 kg / cm², sekhahla se tloaelehileng ke 0.25, se thata le ductile lehlabathe loam ke 0.5, letsopa le thata ke 0.5 le polasetiki - 0.25).

Sebaka sa motheo ha sea lokela ho feta maemo:

S> Kh × F / Kp × R,

Moo S e leng setopo se ka tlase;

Kh - tekanyo ea ho lekanya ho tšepahala ha tšehetso (ke 1.2);

F - boima bo feletseng ba lipoleiti tsohle;

Kp - ntho e etsang hore maemo a mosebetsi a be teng;

R ke ts'ebetso ea mobu.

Mohlala:

• Boholo ba mohaho ona ke lik'hilograma tse 270 000.
• Mekhahlelo ea moralo - 10x10, kapa 100 m².
• Primer - ho na le mongobo oa 0,35 kg / cm².
• Boima ba konkreite e matlafetseng ke 2.7 kg / cm³.

Boima ba li-slabs bo na le lithane tse 80 - likotoana tse 29 tsa konkreite motsoako. Bakeng sa likarolo tse 100, bophara ba eona bo tšoana le 29 cm, kahoo ho nka 30.

Boima bohle ba slab ke 2.7 x 30 = 81 lithane;

Boima ba mohaho o nang le motheo ke 351.

Seteiti e na le bophara ba 25 cm: boima ba sona ke lithane tse 67,5.

Re fumana: 270 + 67.5 = 337.5 (khatello mobu ke 3.375 t / m²). Sena se lekane bakeng sa ntlo ea konkreiti e nang le seteishene sa samente sa khatello ea B22.5 (tekanyo ea sekhahla).

Boikemisetso ba ho fetoha ha moralo

Nako ea MU e ikemiselitse ho ela hloko lebelo la moea le sebaka sa mohaho oo tšusumetso e etsoang ho oona. Ho eketsa ho eketsehileng hoa hlokahala haeba boemo bo latelang bo sa phethahale:

MU = (Q-F) * 17.44

F - matla a phahamisang a phello ea moea marulelong (mohlala o fanoeng ke 20.1 kN).

Q - tekanyo e fokolang ea boima ba motlakase (ka boemo ba mosebetsi o lekana le 2785.8 kPa).

Ha o bala mekhahlelo, ke habohlokoa hore u nahane ka sebaka sa mohaho, boteng ba limela le kaho ea mehaho e mengata. Tlhokomelo e kholo e lefshoa ho boemo ba leholimo le lisebelisoa tsa geological

Lipontšo tse ka holimo li sebelisetsoa ho etsa papiso ea mosebetsi. Haeba ho hlokahala ho haha mohaho ka boeona, ho kgothaletswa hore o iteanye le litsebi.