Oxides Amphoteric. thepa lik'hemik'hale, tshebetso bakeng sa ho lokisetsa

oxides Amphoteric (le thepa e kopanetsoeng) - ka ho fetisisa oxides Maemong a tšepe e nang le tlaase electronegativity. Ho itšetlehile ka maemo a Link bontša oxide e leha e le efe asiti kapa thepa. oxides tsena di thehoa ke tšepe phetoho, eo ka tloaelo ho bontša latelang e re ho kena moea: ro, lll, lv.

Mehlala ea oxides amphoteric: zinki oxide e (ZnO), chromium oxide e lll (Cr2O3), aluminium oxide e (Al2O3), oxide e ll, thini (SnO), oxide e thini lv (SnO2), etella sechaba pele oxide e ll, (PbO), etella sechaba pele oxide e lv (PbO2) , thaethaniamo oxide e lv (TiO2), a mankanese oxide e lv (MnO2), tšepe oxide e lll (Fe2O3), beryllium oxide e (BeO).

liphetoho e tloaelehileng ea oxides amphoteric:

1. oxides tsena ka 'na ba itšoara ka acid e matla. Foromo ena ea letsoai ea acid tsena e tšoanang. Liphetoho tsa mofuta ona li ka ponahalo ea thepa ea mofuta motheo. Mohlala: ZnO (zinki oxide e) + H2SO4 (acid e hydrochloric) → ZnSO4 (zinki sulfate) + H2O (metsi).

2. Ka ho itšoara joang le oxides matla alkalis amphoteric, hydroxides bontša thepa ea asiti. Ka duality ena ea thepa (i.e., amphoteric) e bontšoa ka ho sebopeho sa letsoai tse peli.

Ka qhibiliha ka itšoara joang le letsoai a alkali Ho thehoa ka karolelano ho tloaelehile, ka mohlala:
ZnO (zinki oxide e) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) → Na2ZnO2 (tloaelehile bolela'ng ha letsoai) + H2O (metsi).
Al2O3 (ea alumina) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = 2NaAlO2 + H2O (metsi).
2Al (OH) 3 (aluminium hydroxide) + 3SO3 (oxide e sebabole) = Al2 (SO4) 3 (aluminium sulfate) + 3H2O (metsi).

The tharollo amphoteric oxides ke itšoara joang le a alkali ho theha e letsoai rarahaneng, ho etsa mohlala: Al2O3 (ea alumina) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) + 3H2O (metsi) + 2Na (Al (OH) 4) (a rarahaneng letsoai la tetragidroksoalyuminat sodium).

3. E mong le tšepe efe kapa efe oxide e amphoteric na le nomoro ya tirisanommogo. Mohlala ho zinki (Zn) - 4, aluminium (Al) - 4 kapa 6, bakeng sa chromium (Kr) - 4 (seoelo) kapa 6.

4. Amphoteric oxide e ha e itšoara ka metsi 'me ha a qhala ho eona.

Seo liphetoho ipaka amphoteric tšepe?

Batlang e le ho bua, e elements amphoteric a ka bontša ho thepa ea tšepe bobeli le nonmetals. Joalo tšobotsi e khethollang se teng ka thepa ea motheo ea lihlopha A: E-ba (beryllium), Ga (gallium), Ge (germanium), sn (thini), PB, of sb (tin), Bi (bismuth), le ba bang ba batho ba bang, hammoho le ba bangata ba likarolo tsa B -groups - e Kr (chromium), MN (mankanese), Fe (tšepe), Zn (zinki), Cd (cadmium), le ba bang.

Hona joale re bontša latelang lik'hemik'hale amphoteric lik'hemik'hale elements zinki (Zn):

1. Zn (OH) 2 (zinki hydroxide) + N2O5 (dinitrogen pentoxide) = Zn (NO3) 2 (zinki nitrate) + H2O (metsi).
ZnO (zinki oxide e) + 2HNO3 (acid e nitric) = Zn (NO3) 2 (zinki nitrate) + H2O (metsi).

b) Zn (OH) 2 (zinki hydroxide) + Na2O (oxide e sodium) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (metsi).
ZnO (zinki oxide e) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (metsi).

Boemong bo joalo, haeba elements le thepa e kopanetsoeng ea motsoako o na le ho kena moea tse latelang, o kopanetsoe (amphoteric) thepa ea lona ho fetisisa bonahala etsahala ka lipakeng ho kena moea mohato.

E le mohlala ka Chrome (Kr). elements ena o na le ho kena moea latelang e re: 3+, 2+ 6+. Tabeng ea thepa tse tharo tsa motheo le asiti ba bolela hore hoo e ka bang ka tsela e tšoanang, ha a ntse featswan Kr +2 thepa ea motheo ea hlōla, 'me ka Kr +6 - acid e. Mona ke liphetoho tse bontšang polelo ena:

Kr + 2 → CrO (chromium oxide e +2), Kr (OH) 2 → CrSO4;
Kr + 3 → Cr2O3 (chromium oxide e +3), Kr (OH) 3 (chromium hydroxide) → KCrO2 kapa chromium sulphate Cr2 (SO4) 3;
Kr + 6 → CrO3 (chromium oxide e +6), H2CrO4 → K2CrO4.

Maemong a mangata oxides amphoteric likarolo lik'hemik'hale ka ho kena moea boemo +3 teng ka Meta foromo. Ka mohlala le ka ho a bontšitsoeng: hydroxide oxide e Aluminium (lik'hemik'hale moralo Alo (OH) le tšepe metahydroxide (lik'hemik'hale FeO (OH) moralo) ...

Ho joang oxides amphoteric?

1. The mokhoa loketseng ho fetisisa bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho ea bona e pula ho tswa ho e tharollo ea metsi sebelisa hydroxide ammonium, ke hore ba ho fokola ho lefisa. Mohlala:
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminium nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (ea metsi tharollo ea ammonia hydrate) = Al (OH) 3 (amphoteric oxide e) + 3NH4NO3 (itsoara joang ka o etsoa tlas'a mocheso likhato mashome a mabeli).
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminium nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (ea metsi ammonium hydroxide) = Alo (OH) (amphoteric oxide e) + 3NH4NO3 + H2O (itšoara joang a ileng ae etsa ka 80 ° C)

Ka phapanyetsano itsoara joang ka ea mofuta ona tabeng ea feteletseng a alkali aluminium hydroxide ke ke precipitate. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore sa aluminium fetelang ka ho anion ka lebaka la thepa ea lona kopanetsoe: Al (OH) 3 (aluminium hydroxide) + OH- (feteletseng a alkali) = [Al (OH) 4] - (aluminium hydroxide anion).

Mehlala ea mofuta ona wa itšoara joang:
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminium nitrate) + 4NaOH (feteletseng sodium hydroxide) = 3NaNO3 + Na (Al (OH) 4).
ZnSO4 (zinki sulfate) + 4NaOH (feteletseng sodium hydroxide) = Na2SO4 + Na2 (Zn (OH) 4).

Letsoai tse thehoa ka nako e tšoanang, ke rarahaneng metsoako. Li akarelletsa anions rarahaneng: (Al (OH) 4) - le e 'ngoe (Zn (OH) 4) 2-. Kahoo ke ile ka letsetsa letsoai: Na (Al (OH) 4) - sodium tetragidroksoalyuminat, Na2 (Zn (OH) 4) - sodium tetragidroksotsinkat. lihlahisoa itsoara joang ka tsa oxides aluminium kapa zinki le a alkali le tiileng ba bitsoa ka tsela e fapaneng: NaAlO2 - sodium dioksoalyuminat le Na2ZnO2 - sodium dioksotsinkat.