Nitric oxide e (I, II, III, IV, V): Properties, itokisa, kopo

selelekela

Haeba re ka hloko look at the naetrojene ka nako le nako tafole ea lik'hemik'hale metsoako ea Mendeleev, re khona ho bona hore ho na le ntho e polygonal valence. Sena se bolela hore naetrojene e bopa metsoako 'maloa binary le oksijene. Ba bang ba bona ba 'nile ba bula tsoa,' me ba bang ba - tsa utolola bolelele le bophara. Ho na le hampe tsitsitseng le manganga oxides naetrojene. The thepa lik'hemik'hale tsa e mong le e tsa metsoako tsena li fapane haholo, leha ho le joalo ka thuto ea bona ba lokela ho nkoa e le oxides naetrojene bonyane tse hlano. Ke ka ba le ho tla tšohloa sehloohong se kajeno.

Nitric oxide e (I)

Moralo - N ₂ O. linako tse ling ho ka 'na bitsa oksonitridom naetrojene, oxide e dinitrogen, nitrous oxide e kapa tšeha khase.

thepa

Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng e emeloang khase colorless ho ba le monko o monate. E ka qhala metsi, ethanol, phenylate, le asiti sulfuric. Ha gazobrazny oxide e monovalent naetrojene thabisa ho wa kamore le tlas'a khatello ea atmospheres 40, ho condenses ho mokelikeli colorless. Sena oxide e nesoleobrazuyuschy bola nakong futhumatsang le ho bontša ka boeona e ka ba itšoara joang ka moemeli fokotsa.

baeti ba fihlelang

oxide e ena Ho thehoa ha chesang omileng nitrate ammonium. mokhoa o mong bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho lona - mogote li bole kapele 'ea motsoako "+ sulfamic acid e nitric".

kopo

Sebelisoa e le koloi bakeng sa inhalation thethebatso, indasteri ea lijo tsebang oxide e ena e le tseloe E942. Ho tla boela ho thusa ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi botekgeniki tsa dienjini combustion e ka hare.

Nitric oxide e (II)

Moralo - NO. E hlaha ka tlas'a mabitso a naetrojene monoxide, naetrojene monoxide le nitrosyl khōlō

thepa

Tlas'a tlwaelehileng maemo a, ho 'nile ha mokgwa wa colorless khase ke hore hampe qhibilihang ka har'a metsi. Ho thata ho liquefy, empa e bolela tiileng le mokelikeli, ntho ena e na le 'mala o boputsoa. oxide e ena le ka ho oxidized ke oksijene sepakapakeng

baeti ba fihlelang

Lona ntle ho le bonolo ho fumana, e lokela ho halefile ho 1200-1300 ^{° C} motsoako oa naetrojene le oksijene. Ka maemo a laboratoring, e thehoa ka potlako holim 'a liteko tse' maloa:

• Ba itšoara joang le tsa koporo le 30% tharollo acid e nitric.
• Ba itšoara joang ea chloride ferric, sodium nitrite le asiti hydrochloric.
• Ba itšoara joang ea nitrous le acid hydriodic.

kopo

Ena ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tse tsoang ho eo acid e nitric.

Nitric oxide e (III)

Moralo - N ₂ O _3. Hape, ho ka 'na sa bitsoa nitrous anhydride le ea naetrojene sesquioxide.

thepa

Ka maemo a ho tloaelehile ke mokelikeli eo e na le 'mala o boputsoa, joalokaha e etsahala tekanyetso - colorless khase. E hloekileng oxide e teng feela ka boemo ba tiileng.

baeti ba fihlelang

Ho ke ke ha ho ile ha thehoa ka ho itsoara joang 50% nitric acid e le tiileng oxide e ea trivalent arsenic (it e boetse e ea khoneha ho nkela sebaka ka starch).

kopo

Ka boitsebiso boo ka laboratoring lokisetsa acid e nitrous le matsoai lona.

Nitric oxide e (IV)

Moralo - NO _2. Hape, ho ka 'na sa bitsoa kapa sootho naetrojene dioxide e khase.

thepa

Lebitso bobeli e tšoana le e 'ngoe ea thepa ea lona. Mora oxide e ena o na le mofuta o mong oa sootho kapa e khubelu-yellowish khase kapa mokelikeli. O tšoauoa ka e reactivity phahameng.

baeti ba fihlelang

oxide e ena e hlahisoang ke itšoara acid e nitric le koporo, hammoho le ka nako ya li bole kapele 'mogote ea nitrate pele.

kopo

Le se hlahisa sulfuric le nitric acid e oxidized mokelikeli propellant bile ba kopanya liqhomane.

Nitric oxide e (V)

Moralo - N ₂ O _5. Ho ka etsahala tlasa mabitso dinitrogen pentoxide, nitrate kapa naetrojene nitroila anhydride.

thepa

Ho na le mofuta o mong oa lithollo hloka botsitso le betsvetnyh haholo. Ba ka 'na ba qhibilihile ka mocheso oa 32,3 ^C.

baeti ba fihlelang

oxide e ena e thehoa ka liphetoho tse 'maloa:

• Dehydration tsa oxide e nitric acid e ea pentavalent phosphorus.
• Fetisetsa chlorine ommeng ka nitrate silevera.
• Ba itšoara joang ea ozone le oxide e tetravalent nitric.

kopo

Ka lebaka la lona ho feteletseng ho se tsitse ka lona bo hloekileng foromo ena e se e sebediswa.

bofello

Ka k'hemistri, ho na le ba bang ba robong ba oxides naetrojene, tse ka holimo ke feela metsoako khale tsa elements ena. The tse ling tse 'nè tse - ho le joalo, e se ho boletsoe, sa tsitsang dintho. Leha ho le joalo, kaofela ha bona ba kopantsoe ke tšobotsi e 'ngoe - phahameng toxicity. Mesi e kotsi ea oxides naetrojene sepakapakeng ho lebisa ho senyeha ea bophelo bo botle phelang haufi liindasteri dimela lik'hemik'hale batho. Chefo le matšoao leha e le efe ea lintho tse tsena - chefo methapo edema, pherekano ea tsamaiso ea bohareng methapo le tahlehelo ea mali, sesosa sa leo - ho tlama ea hemoglobin. Ka lebaka leo, le oxides la naetrojene e lokela ho sebetsoa ka hloko, 'me maemong a mangata ho sebelisa thepa ea ho sireletsa.