Nalane ya Hermitage. Architecture le pokello ea Hermitage

E mong oa limusiamo tse ngata e tummeng lefatšeng. Ho lined kilometer dari lethathameng le hlophisitsweng, ho sa tsotellehe boemo ba leholimo ka ntle. Ho na le makala a mangata, holong ea sona, 'mino oa liletsa le likatse e sa tloaelehang.

Bala sehlooho sena 'me u tla tsebahala ka histori e khutšoanyane ea Hermitage. U tla fumana tloaelana le tse ling tsa lipontsuoa le likamore tse mabothobotho sepakapaka. Re tla bua ka mehaho e fapaneng, e ne e akarelletsa ho musiamo rarahaneng.

tlhahisoleseding e tla ba thahasella Fans kaofela ha setso naha le connoisseurs ea e tsoileng tsa bonono lefatshe.

Hermitage ka Serussia Empire

Pele u qala tlhaloso ea Hermitage, ho ke ke bohlokoa ka bokhutšoanyane ka tloaelana le histori ea oona. Pokello e khōlō ea matsatsing ana, e leng e lokiselitsoe marobalo sebakeng ka liholong tsa ho mehaho e mengata e fapaneng, hang qala ka litšoantšo ea botho ea Catherine Kopano e Moholo.

Ka 1764, o ile a fumana eona ikentse likolotong Yohanna Gotskovskogo Russia Prince Vladimir Dolgoruky. Pokello comprised fetang litšoantšo tse makholo a mararo lopolloa Berlin. Boleng kakaretso ea metako ranges ho tloha lekholo le mashome a robeli tse likete tse Jeremane Thaler ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli.

Kahoo, histori ea Hermitage qala ka mesebetsi ea Babyurena, vene Dyck, Balen, Rembrandt, Rubens, Jordaens le ba bang kaofela ba painters Madache le Flemish. From e lethathamo ea pele ea litšoantšo kajeno ho boloka tse setseng e tsoileng mashome a robong a metso e tšeletseng. About moo batho ba bang ba ne ba le sieo, re tla bua ka likarolo tse ling tsa sehlooho se reng.

Qalong, kamore e beheletseng ka thōko bakeng sa ho bokella ka liholong tsa ho ea Mariha Palace. Hamorao mohaho ho ile ha hahoa, eo kajeno e tsejoang ka hore ke Hermitage Nyenyane (photo photo photo photo e ka tlase). Empa ba ntse ba tsoela musiamo e Ekaterina Velikaya latela keketseho palong ea lipontsuoa. Butle-butle, e leng sebaka ne ho sa lekana, 'me ka lilemo tse leshome le metso e ne e hahiloe ke meralo Felten Large (kapa Khale) Hermitage.

Lekholong la ea leshome le metso e robeli pokello e ile replenished ke likete-kete tsa mesebetsi ea bonono. Pokano ya Letona la Saxony ile ha rekoa, Count Heinrich av Brühl, pokello ea French Baron Pierre Crozat, hammoho le a mangata a tsoileng ho tswa pokello ea Tona-khōlō British Roberta Uolpola.

Lekholong la ea leshome le metso e robong le taba ea Empress Catherine e Moholo a tsoela pele ho Alexander I le Nicholas I. Ba ha e sa feela reka pokello kaofela tse fapaneng ba Europe e babatsehang le e tlatsetsang eras pokano, mekhoa le baetsi ba litšoantšo ba batho ka bomong. Kahoo ba ile ba li ne li rekoa "Lute Player" ke Caravaggio le "tlhompho ea Magi" ke Botticelli.

A karolo ea kholo ka popularization tsa Hermitage bapetse Nikolay I. Ka 1852, o ile a bula pontšo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea sechaba. Ho fihlela ka nako eo, ka feela tsota e tsoileng ba boholong kgethilweng ho tswa strata e phahameng sechabeng. Ka mor'a ho bula ka New Hermitage pokello ho ba teng setjhaba fihlile batho ba mashome a mahlano tse sekete ka selemo sa pele.

Bohlokoa palo ka bonono ea halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robong e ne e le Andrei Somov, eo e neng e mohlokomeli oa musiamo ka lilemo tse mashome a mabeli a metso e 'meli. O entse thathamisang e 'maloa ea Setaliana le Spain bonono hore ba ne ba bontšitse ka liholong tsa ho ya Hermitage.

Boemo bona bo fetoha haholo ka mor'a hore abdication ea Nicholas II le tsoang teroneng le le Bolsheviks qala ho busa.

Nalane ya Hermitage tloha 1917

Ka twenties tsa histori mashome a mabeli lekholong la lilemo la ba Hermitage e ntse liphetoho tse itseng. Pokello ea replenishes ngata moemphera nobility kopano. Ka mohlala, ho tloha liholo tsa Mariha Palace fetisisa la tsa ka hare o se o etsoa, matlotlong a Mughals.

Pokello ea qhaloa likoleke tšela tsa Musiamo oa New Bophirimela Art (sebetsa ke le metako European Impressionist le Shchukin, Morozov). Empa Hermitage la gallery ile jereng le tahlehelo. Kahoo, Diamond Room tsa Mariha Palace fallela Moscow Kremlin le mesebetsi e ka sehloohong ea lekholong la ea leshome le metso e supileng, baetsi ba litšoantšo ba ne ba le Musiamo ea Fine Arts.

Ho reteleha ntlha e ne e le ho rekisoa e tsoileng ka lilemo tse hlano (ho tloha ka 1929 ho 1934). E ne e le tlokotsi e neng e sa lebelloa ho pokello ea. Nakong ena ho feta tse mashome a mane le metako lahlehileng Hermitage (photo photo photo photo la e mong oa bona e teng ka tlase). Ka mohlala, "Annunciation" Yana Van Eyck kajeno a 'na a ka musiamong Toropong ea Washington.

Teko latelang e ne e le e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa. The ha e le hantle ho makatse, empa ha ho na le likopi tsa ho limilione tse peli ba ne ba ba ntsoa sebakeng sena ho Urals le lipontsuoa o ne a sa lahleha. Ka mor'a ho khutla ha 'maloa feela ba bona ba ne ba hloka tsosoloso.

Ka 1945 ho Hermitage pokello haholo atolosoa ka a bale litsenyehelo ea Berlin dikgele. Ba ile ba isoa ho Pergamon aletare 'me tse ling tsa lintho Egepeta. Empa ka 1958 Soviet Union e ile, 'muso o khutlela ho ea Jeremane e leng Democratic Republic.

Mora perestroika le ho oa ha Soviet Union State Hermitage e mong oa ba pele o ile a phatlalatsa bolokwa ka vaults tsa mesebetsi ea hae, e leng lefatše le tsohle ba ne ba nkoa lahlehile.

Ho phaella moo, ho sebelisa letlole ho khethehileng a bōpa butle-butle tlale likheo ka lipontsuoa ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli. Kahoo, ho ne ho e fumanweng mesebetsi ke Soutine, Rouault, Utrillo le baetsi ba litšoantšo tse ling.

Ho na le mosebetsi o "Hermitage 20 \ 21", eo ho eona rerile ho reka le hore re bontše mesebetsi ea ke bangodi mehleng ena.

Ka 2006, ho ne ho e hlajoa ke lihlong tse nyenyane le ho lahleheloa ke lintho tse makholo a mabeli tse nyenyane (ho roala mabenyane a, silverware, litšoantšo, joalo-joalo). Empa dipatlisiso ka potlako o ile a theha sotlang ea bosholu, 'me lintho tse ngata li khona ho khutla.

Liholo Tsa tsa Hermitage Large

Bakeng sa simololang le likamore Hermitage ke sebōpeho sa kolonnenweg ke keng oa lekanngoa oa ntlo ea borena ea Knossos Kreta. Mona ho kopantswe mehaho e meraro eo ka eona ho na le likarolo tse mashome a mabeli a metso e robeli 'me ka makholo a mane meaho.

Kahoo, State Hermitage Museum, historing ea eo e se e nkoa e le neng, ho ile ha buloa bakeng sa ho boha setjhaba ke Moemphera Nicholas I. Ho tloha ka nako eo, pokello ea musiamo li neng li ntlafatsa haholo.

Kajeno u ka bona le tsebo ea ho Asia Bohareng, e bolela boholo-holo oa Boholo-holo Egepeta le Bochabela, liemahale tsa litso tse fapaneng ka naheng ea Siberia boholo-holo. Hape ka galleries ho tse peli ke pokello morui, mabenyane.

Le mokatong oa bobeli, baeti ba tla thabela se feela pokello gorget ea libetsa, empa hape le metako ke baetsi ba litšoantšo ba Bophirimela European. Ho na le mesebetsi ea Flanders, Hollanti, Setaliana, Senyesemane, Sejeremane, Spain le baetsi ba litšoantšo French.

Ho na le boetse ho na le la gallery ea kajeno. Hermitage o ile a nka karolo ea le mafelo a le mokatong oa boraro. Liholong tsena bahahlauli bona litšoantšo, e seng feela ba bangodi Bophirimela la Europe la ea leshome le metso e robong le lekholong la lilemo la mashome a mabeli. Hape o bontša bonono le setso sa Byzantium Muso o Moholo, Asia Bohareng le Bochabela bo Hōle.

meaho

St. Petersburg, mehaho Hermitage bopa ya bohlokwa meralo le sebopeho. Ho akarelletsa ho tse hlano mehaho e ka sehloohong, tšebeletso e 'meli le likamore tse' nè tse arohaneng.

Motheong oa libini o ne o hahoa motse-moholo o ka leboea oa Palace Square. Mona ke Mariha Palace, Small, Large le New Hermitage le Hermitage Theater.

Ho tloha mehleng ea Soviet Union e ileng ea fuoa Mariha Palace Museum ho amohela pontšong ena. ntlo ena e ne e le hang ha 'muso Mohaho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mmuso Serussia. E ne e hahiloe ka bohareng ba lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli ka e tummeng meralo Rastrelli. Pele abdication ea Nicholas II, e ne e le ka sehloohong le mariha selemong ea bolulo ea ho busa Romanov leloko la borena la.

Empa liholo tse khōlō ea Hermitage ha ba teng mona. lintho tse ngata tse bontšitse ka mehaho e meraro e khethehileng - Big, Nyenyane le New Hermitage.
Felten pele e ile ea hahoa lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e robeli morao. Ho e teng ka la noka 'me o ne a rerile ho bonts'a likoleke bonono.

Nyenyane Hermitage bopilwe ka Gardens Hanging, hammoho le pavilions pedi - le North le Afrika. O ile a haha e nyenyane pele ho moo, 'me e Moholo ke kamano e teng pakeng classic Hermitage Museum le Mariha Palace ka mokhoa Baroque.

The New Hermitage e ile ea hahoa ka Segerike Tsoseletso. Ho ileng ba bōptjoa ka ho toba ho amohela le "bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea sechaba" bonono pokello.

Hermitage thepa ea mohaho e boetse e akarelletsa ka karache le katileng maemo a cinder le literata lapeng tsa Mariha Palace. mehaho ena li nkoa thusang 'me tšebeletso.

Ka ntle ho Palace Square ka lahla musiamo e na le Storage setsing "Khale Village", le Bochabela Wing ea General Staff, Menshikov Palace le Porcelain Factory Museum.

holong

History le mehaho ea mehaho Hermitage hangata e ikalima mehopolo tloha benghali ba tse fapa-fapaneng tsa Europe Bophirimela. Ke ne ke se na mokhelo le lebaleng la liketsahalo.

Lona qetellong ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli, tse reretsoeng le hahile Setaliana Dzhakomo Kvarengi. Exterior le ka hare sebopeho li ile tsa bōptjoa ka tlas'a tšusumetso ea Teatro Olimpico ka Vicenza. Kahoo, ka St. Petersburg pheta mehopolo ea Andrea Palladio.

Ka ho amohelloang baeti e le "histori ea Hermitage" o sa hlokomeleheng. Baeti tla ba khona ho bona ka ho toba ho ea maballong le libalaka tsa lehong tsa lekholong la lilemo la ea leshome le metso e robeli morao.

E tšoanang haholo holong mohaho ona o hahoa setšeng sa pele Mariha Palace ea makhetlo a Emperor Peter ke. Ntlong khale a sireletsa feela motheo.

Hoa hlokomeleha hore ho na le Hermitage Bridge ka promenade hore connects lihlekehleke tse peli tsa Admiralty o li etella pele ho tloha holong ho ea Khale Hermitage.

ntjha Hermitage

History le mehaho ea Hermitage botlalo bonahatsa potlako ao Empress Ekaterina Velikaya kenela mothofatso oa khopolo ea tlas'a tšusumetso ea feshene Bophirimela European. Qetellong ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli, ho ile ha e ratoa har'a sehlopha sa babatsehang ho bokella e le pokello ea mesebetsi ea bonono.

The Empress reka methaka ea pele ea litšoantšo 'me a laela hore a hahe mohaho ke kajeno e tsejoang e le Hermitage Nyenyane. Empa esita le pele ho phethoa mosebetsi ho ile ha hlaka hore kamore e nyenyane haholo 'me a sa khone ho amohela lintho tsena tse tsohle li be ncha. Ka lebaka leo, ka lilemo tse supileng hamorao re ile ra qala ho haha e Moholo Hermitage.

Halofo lilemo tse lekholo hamorao moaho qala ho senyeha, 'me e ileng sa etsahala ka 1837' me mollo o ile a etsa simolleng tshohanyetso ya kaho e ncha. Kahoo, Munich Nicholas ke tlisa Klentse meralo, ea ileng a qala ho qapa Hermitage ncha. St. Petersburg e fetohile bakeng sa ho mo ho phethahala ha mehopolo hlōlehileng ho phethahala.

merero kamoreng bonahatsa meralo, ea ileng a fumana ho na e le karabelo Athene. Mohaho oohle o ne o karolo e 'ngoe tšoana Pinakothek, Glyptothek, Pantehnion le ba bodulo borena Greece.

Ka 1852, ke ahlamisa liholo tse ncha. Lipontsuoa bakeng sa bona ka ho toba o ile a khetha moemphera.

lipontsuoa

Hlahlamang re tla sheba Hermitage lipontsuoa. Ka liholong tsa ho ea musiamo e bontša tsoelo-pele ea bonono ho tswa ho mehleng ea sechaba ea khale ho fihlela letsatsing le teng. Haholo-holo tse thahasellisang pokello ea lintho tse bonahalang ho tswa ho likoleke ba lintho tse epolotsoeng.

Tsena li akarelletsa ho Venus figurines tloha Kostenok, khauta Scythian, lintho tse ho tswa ho tutulu lepato ka Pazyryk, lipoleiti le petroglyphs le e tsoileng tse ling meetlo ea mehleng ea Great steppe.

Ka thoko e le ho hlokahala hore ho ama lipontsuoa liholo boholo-holo. Ho na le tse fetang likete tse lekholo ba dintho tse. U tla ba khona ho bona ho feta leshome le metso e mehlano tse sekete penta mepotjoana, ka likete tse leshome tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mahakoe sa khale, hammoho le tse lekholo le mashome a mabeli a Roma ka litsoantso.

Segerike Hermitage lipontsuoa di go tlaleletswa ke pokello kafukafu ekozala tsa figurines terracotta tloha Tanagra ka Boeotia.

Numismatic pokello ea lichelete tsa tšepe tse fetang milione. Mona ke ea boholo-holo le tsa Bochabela, Russia le Bophirimela dipaterone, European. Ho phaella moo ho na le ka bang mashome a supileng tse hlano tse sekete likhau sehopotso, beche mashome a mahlano tse sekete, likhau le litempe le lintho tse ling.

Leha ho le joalo, e tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke ha ho pelaelo hore le pokello ea litšoantšo ke baetsi ba litšoantšo e leng ba ka nako e fapaneng le mekhoa.

Mona ke European Bophirimela bangodi ho tswa ho ea leshome le metso e meraro ho lekholo la mashome a mabeli. Ha re nahana ka bona ka thoko ke naha, ho ka etsahala ho khetholla eras 'maloa.

benghali Setaliana ho tswa ho ea leshome le metso e meraro ho lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli: Giorgione le Titian, kithe Vinci le Raphael, Caravaggio, Tiepolo le ba bang. Netherlands bontšoa ka ho penta canvases Robert Kampen, vene Leiden, le van der Weyden jj Ho na le boetse ho na le Flemish Rubens le Snyders, Jordaens le Van Deyk.

Pokello Spain ke kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, le mokhelo ha limusiamong Sepanishe. Mona o ka thabela mesebetsi ea El Greco, de Khao Ribera, Diego Velaskesa, Morales le ba bang.

Ho tloha Senyesemane Kneller webs bontšitse, Dobson, Reynolds, Lawrence, joalo-joalo ho tloha French - .. Gellee, Mignard, Delacroix, Renoir, Monet, Degas le ba bang.

Le tsohle pokello tse fapa-fapaneng o na le e ngata ea likheo. Ka mohlala, surrealists le libakeng tse ling tse ling li hoo e batlang e ha emetsweng Hermitage.

mino oa liletsa

Empa ka St. Petersburg e tummeng se feela kelello-boggling pokello ea Hermitage. Ho ratoa e le 'mino oa liletsa e tummeng.

sa lebelloang Serussia Lithuanian mosebetsi ona o ne a bōpiloe ka phetoho ea lilemo. Ka 1989, ha glasnost le perestroika tsosoa "Tšepe lesira" le Soviet Union e ile o putlama, Saulius Sondeckis baka e mino oa liletsa e bitsoang "Saint-Petersburg Camerata".

Motheong oa sehlopha e ne e le liithuti tsa conservatory tsa litoropo, ea ileng a ruta Lithuanian.

Selemong se latelang, motsamaisi Hermitage Boris Piotrovsky, mema ba ho bapala tlasa mmusong wa mokgatlo wa. Ka mor'a moo, ka nako ea "Camerata" matšoao konteraka ea ho rekota le «Sony Classic».

'Me ka 1994, ka mor'a letoto la lipuisano sehlopha khutlela tlasa mmusong wa musiamo e' me o fumana lebitso ho qetela ea "State Hermitage Orchestra."

Ka 1997 a ne a bōpa Hermitage Academy ea 'Mino, eo e thehiloe sehlopha sa. Kajeno, 'mino oa liletsa fana likonsarete ka Hermitage Theater le liholo tse ling tse bohlokoa.

Le hlooho ea eona ka ho sa feleng fumaneng ka 2009 ho Order tsa Mohlomphehi, joalokaha motho a hlaheletseng ba setso le e matlafatsang tsa likamano lipakeng tsa linaha tsena tse peli.

Famous Hermitage likatse

Cats Hermitage - sena inimitable tsa litoropo tšōmo le hantle hlollang. Kajeno ka naheng ea musiamo ke lehae la liphoofolo ka mashome a supileng. Ba na le litokomane tsohle, ho akarelletsa le likarete tsa bongaka ba diphoofolo le liphasepoto. Ho phaella moo, likatse li ka molao ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka "haholo ba tšoanelehang ho hloekisa tlaase tsa musiamo tloha likhoto."

Kahoo, Hermitage pokello e na le sireletsehileng ka ho feletseng ho tswa ho hlasela litoeba. Feela makhetlo a 'maloa e ne e le joalo le hore likhoto naplodili Palace.

The katse pele ka Mariha Palace tlisa Tsar Peter e Moholo ho tloha ka leeto ho Europe Bophirimela. Hamorao, Elizaveta Petrovna nakong ea leeto la ho Kazan hlokometse ho ba sieo ha ka litoeba ka lebaka la palo e kholo ea likatse-Rat-catchers. A taelo e khethehileng ea exemplar kholo ka ho fetisisa ba ile ba susumelletseha ho ea St. Petersburg.

Hamorao, Ekaterina Velikaya ka kamoreng ba ile ba kopanela ka liphoofolo le outbuildings. Sehlopha sa pele se akarelletsa feela Russia putsoa likatse.

Ka lekhetlo la bobeli, ha le hlahileng likhoto ne nakong ea thibella ea Leningrad nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše. Empa ka mor'a ho ea qetellong ea motse tlisa carloads tse peli tsa likatse, ea tse molemo ka ho fetisisa hlalositswe musiamong.

Kajeno, likatse Hermitage ba sterilized. Ba na le bona sebaka poraefete ho robala le likotlolo. basebetsi musiamo ka lerato ba bitsa "ermikami". 'Me sebaka sa maeto li matšoao hore bitsa ho ba hlokolosi. Ba behoa ka tekanyo qobelloa, kaha liphoofolo tse ngata li bolaoa ke likoloi nakong Litokiso tse sa tšoaneng.

makala a

Le fositse ha u nahana hore ho na le Hermitage ngoe. St. Petersburg e na le makala a 'maloa tsa musiamo pholletsa le lefatše.

Boiteko ba pele ba ho bopa likarohano ba ne ba le mathoasong a lekholo la mashome a mabeli-lekhetlo la pele. Ile a Tšollela liholo London le Las Vegas, empa ba li ile tsa koaloa ho theosa le lilemo tse supileng.
Atlehe haholoanyane e ne e le tšebelisano-'moho e le Italy. The tlhaloso e pele mona a itlhahisa ka 2006 ka qhobosheaneng ea Este. Mohaho ona e nkoa e le pontšo ea motseng oa Ferrara. Re boela re hlahlobe dikgetho le Verona le Mantua.

Empa ho fetisisa tummeng lefapha tsoang linaheng tse ling ke Hermitage ka Amstel Amsterdam. Ho ile ha buloa ka 2004, 'me hamorao ho bopa ho hlophisoa e feletseng e ile tsosolosoa kaofela a literata le moaho Amstelhof.

The Federation Russia e na le makala a ka Kazan le Vyborg, rerile ka Omsk ka 2016.

Kahoo, sehloohong sena re tla hlahloba Museum e hlollang ea Federation le Serussia. Hermitage - sena ha se feela sebaka seo ho sona e tsoileng ba bontšitse, 'me karolo ea setso le histori ea eona e le lintho tse khethollang.

Mahlohonolo ho uena, ratehang babali ba. E khanyang le mebala-bala maikutlo o tsamaea!