Moruo le a libaka litšobotsi tsa Italy

naha e teng e bohareng ea Mediterranean, e ka boroa ea Europe, sehloohong sena e fanoeng ke ua feela moruong le sefe, empa hape bath ea lipolotiki. Italy (Setaliana Republic) le boraro-kholo ka ho fetisisa European moruo lona tšoauoa ka joalo tšobotsi e khethollang e le ho tlala liemahale tsa histori tsa bonono, setso, mehaho, 'me sena le sona se tla tšohloa. Sebaka naheng e km lisekoere 301.200, tse arotsoe ka libaka tse mashome a mabeli, ba aroloa, le eena, e-ea liprofinseng mashome a robong a metso e mehlano. Le karohano ha e fela mona: ho na le ba likete tse robeli communes la provense ka Italy.

Meeli ea naha le metsi

Ka leboea-bophirimela Italy meeli le France km fetang 488, lateloa ke Switzerland - 740 km le, 'me moeli leboea ke Austria - km 430, hammoho le karolong e ka leboea-bochabela le ka leboea ho Slovenia - 232 Km. Domestically Hape, ke meeli: Vatican (Pope Town) - km tharo le limithara tse makholo a mabeli le San Marino - 39 km. Litšobotsi tsa Italy e fapaneng ba tsoang linaheng tse ling tse ngata, ka tjhelete e ya mehlodi ya metsi. liphesente tse mashome a robeli ba meeli ea naha li ka maoatle - la Adriatic, Ligurian, Ionian, Mediterranean le Tyrrhenian. The lebōpo o e-ba bolelele ea km 7375. Linōka tse ngata, e khōlō ka ho fetisisa - Piave, Reno, Adige, Tiber, Po.

Hape tse ngata tse ntle matša ka Italy - ena ke Lake Lugano lago di garda, Maggiore, Brakkiano, Como, Trasimeno, Bolsena. Italy bath sitoa ho etsa ntle le ho bua ka ho tloha phomolo le bahahlauli libakeng tse, e leng etsa ho fihlela hoo e ka bang naheng eo. Ho na le plurality plesieroorde balneological hobane ka tloaelo fumaneha ka mehloli ea mogote - ho fihlela ho 39 likhato Celsius, 'me ho bata: matsoai hydrocarbonate, k'halsiamo, sebabole le dikahare tse phahameng tsa chloride, a iodine litareng e, letsoai bromine eo ka itseng mafu a,' me ba sebelisa e le ho noa ho hlapa.

jeokrafi

Litšobotsi tsa Italy ho tloha ntlha libaka tsa pono e qala ka sebakeng se: naha ae phethang hloahloa lohle le karolo e nyenyane ea Balkan, Sardinia, Sicily le batho ba bangata ba tse nyenyane. Sebakeng sena ba sebakeng sa Southern Alps le thoteng ea Padua. Ea liphallelo ea naha e hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng a qapa ea lithaba le maralla - feela e 'ngoe-ea bohlano ea liphororong lithoteng tsa.

Alps - nako e telele European tsamaiso ea lithaba, moo Mont Blanc - the tlhoro ea kholo ka ho fetisisa - e teng dibakeng tsa Thuile le Haute Savoie, e leng karolo tse ling tsa Mont Blanc e se e Fora. Ena e tummeng o kristale drive ke limithara tse 4810 phahameng atolohela ho km 50. Ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea Europe, ka ntle Elbrus Dykhtau le litlhōrō tse 'maloa ka Caucasus, moo bophahamo tsa lithaba le lintho tse ngata km tse fetang tse hlano le halofo - hore ke bapisang bath. Italy Europe Bophirimela ha qothisanang lehlokoa le ka ba bolelele ba lithabeng. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le ntlha bahahlauli maikutlo, 11-kilometer dari kotopo bakeng sa likoloi ke boemo ba haholo e phahameng obihozhennosti, Mont Blanc raloa.

boemo ba leholimo

Hlahlamang ka Italy Apennines qala, ho ke ke ha e phahameng haholo lithaba, empa ba ile ba nka hoo e ka bang kaofela Italy - km sekete ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa ho pota lebōpong le ka bochabela la hloahloeng. Limela ruileng, phaene le beech meru, Mediterranean mofero le makhulong ka liqhooa ena. Ho na le foqoha seretse se chesang le mafolo-folo: Stromboli, Vulcano, Etna, Vesuvius. bohōleng bo itseng le lisosa tsa ho fetoha ha tlelaemete thabeng: ka e ka holimo 'me a bohareng likarolo - mofuthu le ka tsela e itekanetseng, empa, ka mohlala, ka ho Sicily o bitsoa tropike.

Mariha tse bonolo le metsi le lehlabula tse chesang le e omme. Freezing le dithemparetjha hoo e ka bang mohla, thempereichara e le mariha selemong Karolelano - likhato robeli holimo leqhoa. Ka Sicily, nomoro ea tonanahali ea matsatsi a chabile, Riviera fapaneng evenness leholimo mofuthu selemo kaofela ho potoloha, 'me hloahloa Salentina - fetisisa tlaase pula (millimeters 197 feela - e sekhahla ea selemo le selemo).

mofuta

Ka Apennine hloahloa ho na le tse fetang tse lekholo liemahale tsa UNESCO, e leng ho feta naheng leha e le efe lefatšeng. Ikhethang ntle Italy. Geographic litšobotsi tse sa e lethathamo fago tsa lithaba, matša, linōka le lithota. Mona ke ba le boikutlo ba ikarabelle haholo le tlhaho, feela ea sechaba lirapeng tsa boikhathollo bōpiloe ka sebaka sa e mong le e hectars milione halofo. Mashome a mabeli-le leng - bakeng sa naha e monyenyane. Hlano diphesente tse Territory e leng foromo ka eona qalong le sirelelitsoe ke mmuso. Ka mohlala, Gran Paradiso - e mong oa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa khale-khale ea sechaba - e teng ka ka leboea-bophirimela ho, haufi le moeli oa French, 'me ke kholo ka ho fetisisa - ka bang 700 km lisekoere.

paisagem sete e bohlale, hobane ba ne ba etsa liphetoho tse bophahamo tloha limithara tse 800 ho 4.5 likete: ho na le glaciers - a thata 'me a hanela,' me palo makhulong Alpine studded le mebala e khanyang. Ha ho motle hakaalo empa a tsohle lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tse ding tsa setjhaba le mehloli. Ka mohlala, ka Abruzzo selemo le selemo hohela ho fihlela ho bahahlauli milione, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore libaka tsena li sireletsoa. Ho ke ke ha feela limela ikhetha, 'me liphoofolo, empa e boetse e le mesaletsa ea tsoelo-pele ea boholo-holo, ho necropolis oa botle balisa ikhethang litsela isang ho mesaletsa ea qhobosheane mehleng e bohareng. Le ka ho hlakileng, le litsela babatsehang le ski hohela bahahlauli bonyane.

moruo

Ka Mediterranean, Italy ke boemo ba bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, hobane e leng hona teng le letona e bohareng ba litsela tse ka sehloohong tsa linaha tsa Bochabela bo Hare ruileng oli, ho indasteri ka bophirimela Europe - the potrebitelnits ka sehloohong maruo tsena. molemo haholo sebakeng libaka nka Italy.

Litšobotsi tsa naha itšetlehile hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng ka mo nka e le litšusumetso ka maemo a moruo le a lipolotiki ka har'a naha Soviet European, moo ke botho ho tloha thehoa feela lona. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea joalo sebakeng se phahameng e le hantle hore e ka Italy ba ile ba lula ba babeli haholo bohlokoa ikemetseng e re - Vatican e le oa bolulo oa hlooho ea Bokreste polanete ea le San Marino, rephabliki khale ka ho fetisisa Europe le Molao oa Motheo oa 1600.

San Marino

Ke naha nyenyane ka ho fetisisa 'me ka ho fetisisa le motlotlo - le leqe moholo e ka tlasa Lekhotla la Europe' me ka matla a hanyetsa ho kena European Union. Leha ho le joalo, esita le Italy hloka naha, ha a ntse a lokela ho phela: thibetsoe San Marino ho bula matlo a papali ea chelete 'me ba bile ba na TV tsa bona, chelete le meetlo.

Leha ho le joalo, Italy, lithibelo tsena karolo e 'ngoe licheleteng lefisa. Baeti ba etela Vatican ba limilione, hammoho le bahahlauli, chelete ho se ka tlase labalabela ho San Marino bakeng sa maeto ea Italy tlisa tse ling tse ngata tse bonahalang melemo e - chelete e kenang tse khōlō.

mehlodi ya

Ho litšobotsi tse moruo le a libaka tsa Italy e ne e tletse haholo, o lokela ho tseba le ho etsa bonnete ba tsa lona tsa mefuta eohle tsa lirafshoa, ho akarelletsa le liminerale, e le naheng e 'ngoe ka seoelo a ka haha moruo ka bohahlauli ngoe. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ea naha le lihlahisoa tse tala le matla a ho fana ka unevenly e seng feela, empa ha hoa lekana. Hoo e ka bang kaofela ha mobung lona tse nyenyane bophahamo ba modumo le mobung bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya sokolisa. Italy kopana eneji, le eona e ka boeona e ke karolo ea 17 lekholong feela.

mashala drawback e ikutloa sharply haholo. Ka Calobra, Tuscany, Umbria le Sardinia ho na le mashala le lignite, empa tšimo ke tse nyenyane. Oli e ka Sicily, empa hape e fokolang haholo, e fana ka etsang liphesente tse peli feela ho hlokahala. Akaretsang taba tsa moruo, le a libaka litšobotsi tsa Italy, ho etsa mohlala, le Jeremane, ka ho hlaka e bontša hore maruo a Mataliana a mafutsana. From Russia tlhaho papiso eo e fosahetse: coking mashala na boima ba lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 200 tsa utolola feela mobung, le boholo o tšoanang oa khase, oli le liminerale tse ling.

leruo matsoai

Le khase molemo: Padua thota le ntsetso-pele ea lona - e raka, athe ea Leoatleng la Adriatic - akhaonteng ya ka 40 etsang liphesente tse hlokahalang. Sibolla empa leha ho le joalo ha ba le masimo a khase ea tlhaho e Apennines le ka Sicily, empa bohle hammoho ha ho feta 46 lekholong ea tshebediso ya hlokahala ea naha. Tsepe ea e epilwe mona bakeng sa hoo e ka bang likete tse tharo, lilemo tse metšoasong ba le monyenyane haholo, a 'na a ka bang limilione tse 50 boima ba lithane tse ka Elbe le ka Aosta, eo, ya e le hantle, haholo, bo bonyenyane haholo. Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane ea Italy ka ho ya ka mehlodi ya e ka ba: ho na le hoo e ka bang ha ho mehlodi ya.

Polymetallic manya Italy e nyenyane ruileng, hape joale ka tšepe ea zinki, etella le silevera, hammoho le litšila le lirafshoa tse ling. A mangata ka mehloli ea naha ea mercury manya, cinnabar, eo larileng ka ka massif ha seretse se chesang ea Tuscany. Ho na le boetse ho na le pyrites. Ka Puglia - ntshetsopele ya bauxite ka Sardinia - tšepe tin ka Liguria - mankanese. Ntho feela eo e hlileng e ruileng Italy - ke morema, tuff le thepa e 'ngoe ea kaho. E tummeng Carrara mabole, ho etsa mohlala, e theko e boima haholo. Empa o Hape, ha e ngata. Ho atamela ka litšobotsi tse moruo le a libaka tsa Italy ho qala le bohahlauli. 'Me mohlomong le e qetella.

indasteri

GdP Italy ka sebopeho lona e arotsoe tjena: temo fanoeng ka bang liphesente tse peli, indasteri - 27, 'me tse setseng mashome a supileng-mmoho - bakeng sa litšebeletso, ke hore, bohahlauli. ba etsang liphesente tse fetang 70 tsa mehlodi ya ntšitsoeng matsoai le matla a etsang liphesente tse fetang 80 ba eo.

Qetellong ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli, e le qalo ea ho ntshetsa pele ka matla a nyutlelie, empa ka 1988 e akaretsa referantamo. Ka lebaka leo, ntle le bohlokoa ba motlakase Italy ke ke pholoha. From lefapha lohle ho feta tse ling tse tsoetseng pele le boenjiniere efe kapa efe ho phetha molao feela, likoloi, temo mechine e hlahisitseng. Ka 'maraka lefatšeng e le motho oa bohlokoa thepa ea ka tlung Setaliana, masela, ceramic lithaele. Ke tsohle.

temo

Ka temo, nomoro ea tonanahali ea mapolasi nyane (le unprofitable, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa Italy), le sebaka se karolelano ea hektare ka bang tse tšeletseng, e le hore esita le European Union haholo, tse nyenyane haholo.

Hōlileng ka feela Mediterranean lihlahisoa - mohloaare, veine, litholoana dilamunu. Lijalo, temo ae phethang ba etsang liphesente tse fetang 60, 'me liphoofolo tse ruiloeng - ka tlase ho mashome a mane.