Moruo Azerbaijan: sebopeho le litšobotsi

E mong oa tse seng kae linaheng tsa Soviet Union ea mehleng, bolokile le reiti ea toka e phahameng ea kgolo ya gdP - Azerbaijan. moruo o hōla butle-butle, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore tlokotsi e ba 2008 ba ne ba haholo susumetsoa entsprechen tsohle ka ho phethahetseng fokotseha ha ho bapisoa le pele ho mehla ea maqakabetsi maemo ya kgolo likarolong tsohle tsa mosebetsi liindasteri. Leha ho le joalo, khōlo e mong oa baeta-pele ba lefatše gdP ntse ke Azerbaijan. Moruo pholoha e loketseng ho tse romeloang linaheng matla, hammoho le naheng ena ba 'nile ba kenngwa tshebetsong mehato-ba khahlanong le bothata ka ho sebelisa mehloli phapanyetsano baditjhaba bokeletseng ka e tšoanelang pele bothata nako.

tšobotsi

Naha ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika Caucasus - Azerbaijan. moruo oa eona o ba babeli ho ba bararo ba gdP ea linaheng tse ling tsohle tikolohong eo. From 2005 ho 2008, khōlo ea sebele e ile ea fihla 24,1% selemo le selemo, ke boleng phahameng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ka linako tsohle ho tloha ho putlama Union. E ne e le boom boom ea sebele moruo, le lebelo la khōlo e le moeta-pele ka ho feletseng lefatšeng e ba Azerbaijan. Moruo ke e le kholo ema ka lebaka la ho sebelisoa mesebetsi e amanang le 'nang lihloluoeng: ipabola mobung o mocha oa hydrocarbons, Eketsa palo ea tlhahiso matla, hohela le dipeeletso tsa linaha tse ling ka ho toba, oli le khase lipeipi ho ile ha hahoa, ka potlako eketseha ya diyantle tsa lihlahisoa tsa oli e tala, oli jese litheohelang le khase ea tlhaho. Kahoo lebaka: ga ekonomi go fetolwa ea nineties ho e se e ka ho feletseng ho hlōla, 'me gdP ka theko e sa khaotseng a ema ka 2008 ho liphesente tse lekholo le tse tsheletseng bapisoa le bo-1990. moruo Azerbaijan ka ka 2017 e tla tšohloa ka papiso feela ena nako mohau.

le dipeeletso tsa kantle ho naha ka ho toba e haholo-holo a ikemiselitse katleho tsena, 'me, ea e le hantle, bongata (hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng) ba ile ba ea oli le khase lefapha la. Lilemong tse leshome tse qalang ea lekholo la bo21 la lilemo e bontšitse hore ditjhelete Link ka karolo ea bobeli borarong ne e ena le matsete ka ho toba, 'me ho tloha nako le nako (mohlala, lilemo tse peli pele ho 2004), ba e ileng ea fetang mashome a robong diphesente tse dikadimo tsohle tsoang linaheng tse ling le matsete. Ke ka lebaka leo naha e bile khona ho ipokellela chelete ho hlōla bothata ba 2008, 'me moruo oa Azerbaijan e sa feela e neng e tšoaretsoe 2017. "phaphamale",' me ho ka boleloa hore ba atlehe. Leha ho le joalo! Ka ho toba ka letlooa le dipeeletso tsa linaha tse ling ka lilemo tse 'maloa hulela ka karolelano phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara - ka mashome a mararo lekholong ea gdP. Leha ho le joalo, le dipeeletso tsa phallang fetohile ka tsela e hlollang ha nako e ntse. Se tloha 2004 ho inflow tsa oli le khase lefapha la o qalile ho fifale. Ho feta moo, esita le outflow ile a hlokomela ka nako e 2006-2008. Empa o ne a se a entse - chelete ba invested, ntshetsopele ya sebaka seo meepo hantle susumelletseha, profinseng ea moruo oa Azerbaijan ne ikhethang tsitsitseng, 'me hona joale o ka butle hlahisa ka litšenyehelo tsa bona.

kajeno

Oli le khase lefapha la busitse ho fihlela 2007, le hore e ne e tšehelitsoe ke le dipeeletso tsa linaheng tse ling, ha mehlodi ya malapeng lebisoa ho ntshetsopele ya liindasteri bao e seng extractive, eo le eena o ile a bona matla kgolo ya monehelo haholo ho moruo oa Azerbaijan. Kajeno, ba ka nako e ngata le ho ba tšehetsa boemo ba ea moshoelella a moruo ka har'a naha. Haholo ba ntlafala tsa dibopeho tsa motheo - metsi, lipalangoang, motlakase, mona o ile a tloha ditshenyehelo ka sehloohong 'muso. Moruo oa Azerbaijan ka ka 2017 e monyenyane angoa ke bothata ba lichelete. Empa sena se ka feela etsahala ka lebaka la e bonolo hore Infusion sa dipeeletso tsoang linaheng tse ling ka ho toba ka ntshetsopele ya mobung li joalo ka seatla se bulehileng hore ka potlako haholo khona ho bopa le ho ntshetsa pele meepo, lipalangoang, matla le hoo, o ne a ile a fumana lithuso tsa lichelete bakeng ntshetsopeleng ya lefapha la ho, e sa amanang le oli.

moruo Azerbaijan kajeno thehiloe hlomiloeng oona tsamaisong ea kajeno lipeipi fa oli le khase ho 'maraka oa lefatše. Ena lipeipi oli ka 2006 "Baku-Ceyhan" lipeipi e 2007 "Baku-Erzurum khase lipeipi." naheng ena e ne e le e ntse e rekisetsa tse ding kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa oli ka Caucasus, 'me ho tloha 2007 e ile ea e rekisetsa tse ding sebetsang hantle ka ho fetisisa tsa khase. Oli tlhahiso ea ho tloha 2004 ho 2010 e ile ea eketseha hoo e ka bang meloho - boima ba lithane tse limilione tse 42,3, ha diyantle hōla esita le ka lebelo - ka makhetlo a mararo le halofo - boima ba lithane tse fetang limilione tse 35,6. Karolo e phethoang ke bohwebi ka ntshetsopele ya moruo Azerbaijan ke e khōlō. World litheko oli ka nako eo feela hōla haholo, empa hobane ka potlako u ahele-up of meqolo tlhahiso ea oli etsa hore e hoo e ka bang tenfold eketseha ka moputso oli ke diyantle (ka 2008 - limilione tse likete tse 29,1 liranta). Mashome a robong e supileng etsang liphesente tse romeloang linaheng tse ling palo yohle e ileng ea kabelo ea khase le oli e ka 2010, e leng se tlisoa ho Azerbaijan bakeng sa hoo e ka bang mashome a mane a etsang liphesente tse lekgetho la 'muso.

khanyetso e tsoang

Ka 2011, ho ne ho hang liketsahalo tse peli, hore na ke hobane'ng e ileng ea fetoha mabaka a bonahalang eka a moruo. Ho ka moelelo ona le lokela ho nahana ka boemo ba litaba bo ka khohlano pakeng tsa linaha tse peli Afrika Caucasus: hore na ba ba ile a qeta tse leshome tse fetileng ka mor'a ho putlama ha USSR, be o finyeletse le seo o ile a lula. Ho joalo, Azerbaijan le Armenia o moruo linaheng tse. Pele ka 2011 o ne a li akarelletsa ka morero ka kaho ea lipeipi khase TANAP (ntse nkoa hlōlisanang tsa rona "Turkish Stream"). Le ka Armenia ka nako e tšoanang e ne e le ho ipelaetsa ka bongata ka lebaka la keketseho e le ditefiso tsa "Electric Networks tsa Armenia", ke hore, khahlanong le UES tsa Russia. Leha ho le joalo, ka semelo ho liketsahalo tsena tsohle e ne e le bothata ba lipolotiki ba Nagorno-Karabakh. Tsela ea ho qala le seo a tla ba fetang mashome a lilemo, Azerbaijan, re tla bokhutšoanyane qhaqha. Ho fihlela ho lireng le.

Armenia e fumane ha haholo fokolang futsitseng ho Soviet Union - o na le a pharaletseng a indasteri botlaaseng le mohlomong. Ipatlele mehlodi ya mafura, Armenia e se leha ho le joalo, lilemo tse kaofela matla Union, naha e ne e le har'a baeta-pele ba tsamaisong ea kabo ea thepa hara-republican. Ea Mechanical Engineering ea Armenia e ne e le ka pele ho tsa Soviet (e le moetsi tsa mefuta e mengata ea mechine), tšepe batho bao e seng ferrous (koporo, molybdenum, le mobung pele), e emeloang ke indasteri lik'hemik'hale e ile hantle ntshetswa pele. Ho feela karolo e khōlō ea moruo Armenian ke 1991. Leha ho le joalo joalo mefuta e fapaneng ke ba ruileng ba morusu liindasteri naha e sa pholosoa. The makala a moruo e ne e le 'molai, etsoe taba eo, hoo e ka bang lirephabliki tsohle.

Armenia

Ba arohana maqhama tsohle tse ka sehloohong moruo, 'me mabapi le liketsahalo tsa Nagorno-Karabakh , Turkey le Azerbaijan li thehile thibela likepe - Armenians' me hona joale ho kgaotsa ho bososela, oa hopola le "lilemo tse lefifi". The bothata eneji, le qala, e ile ea e-khonehe ka ke diyantle kapa bohlokoa. Ha re feletsoe ke khase le oli, 'me a khaotsa ho Erevanskaya Razdan seteishene matla. 'Me ka mor'a ho Spitak tšisinyeho ea lefatše - ntse ka 1988 - the Metsamor matla a nyutlelie dimela ile koala. Ka tsela eo, sena liphesente tse cataclysm mashome a mane tsa indasteri ea rephabliki le beha tsoa ka bohato, empa Metsamor tsa nyutlelie matla dimela a lula a sa tsoa kotsi. Leha ho le joalo, Chernobyl 1986 ne e ntse e foreshe mohopolong, 'me, ka lebaka leo, sena se ue boloke haholo etsa qeto ea ho koala seteishene se tsamaee sebeng. Ka har'a maqakabetsi matla a 1993, Armenia e etsa qeto ea ho hlokomoloha mehato nkiloe le ho restart semela. Ke lokela ho bolela hore ketsahalo ena e nkoa e le ka matla a nyutlelie ho mpa ho seng mohla e kileng. Lilemo tse peli hamorao, ke ile ka khona ho matha le 'ngoe feela unit trust tsa tse peli.

Ebe Armenia ba ile ba qala ho tsosolosa moruo lona. liphetoho Market di atlehe, le hoja ho hōla ka potlako o ne a sa a hlokomela, 'me o ile a tsoa hokae? Industrial botlaaseng setseng Soviet Union ho ba ka ho feletseng kapa modernization, kapa e ngotsweng theoha bakeng sa sephephechaneng. Le ka be le dipeeletso Link ne thata ka RA (ho fapana le Azerbaijan eo o lula le oli). A re ke re bapisa linomoro: Georgia invested ke lik'hamphani tsoang linaheng tse ling selemo le selemo $ limilione tse likete tse 1,8 ka Azerbaijan - limilione tse likete tse 'nè, ha a ntse a Armenia palo e kahodimodimo ea milione tse makholo a robong (le ka nako eo feela-hang lilemo tse setseng - haholo ka tlaase ho moo). 'Me e invested haholo hasane ho pota lefatše Armenian ba ditshaba. Ka sebakeng sa bobeli ka liente tsa lichelete - Russia. Le ka selemo sa gdP Armenia e ile ea bontša ka kholo ea tse ntle - etsang liphesente tse leshome le metso e mene. Leha ho le joalo, naha ntse feta diyantle. Mechine e hoo e ka bang ha ho motho o, empa ke lirafshoa, temo (Cognac "Ararate"), aluminium foil ... Ha e le hantle, lethathamo ke hoo e ka bang e phophothehileng.

Haeba hosasane ka ntoa

E mong le e letsatsi la ntoa pakeng tsa Armenia le Azerbaijan ka Nagorno-Karabakh tla chelete le e mong 'me ka lehlakoreng le leng la ba limilione tse mashome a mahlano (Azerbaijani le chelete e le chelete - tsitsitseng). Moruo oa Armenia le se tsitsitseng haholo thuc mocheso lona jwalo ka ha pholoha haeba ho se joalo bakeng sa hae "lumellane" Russia (le e kamehla "lumellane"). Ntoa ka sebaka majoe - theko e boima haholo. Hona joale ba ka sehloohong mathata a moruo le go lebagantsha hore na motlatsi. Letona la moruo Azerbaijan o ne a ke ke fetola ka 1990-1993, leha e le mosebeletsi leha e le tona-khōlō, ha ho ne ho hlile khōlō bohato sesole. Ho joalo, kajeno Azerbaijan o na le khauta le chelete mehloli ea mashome a mahlano a libilione tse tharo liranta. Mohlala, Ukraine e na le e leng kakaretso ea ba robeli (e ne e le ka 2014), ho Belarus - leshome le metso. Sena se bolela hore ka tjhelete e le letona la Moruo oa Azerbaijan allocates liranta 7.800, ha esita le ka ho Russia e le feela tse tharo le halofo tse sekete, ha mehloli ea khauta 'me ka makhetlo a leshome ho feta.

Ho ena ya moruo "subcutaneous mafura" lumella Azerbaijan esita le nakong ea ntoa mananeo a tsa sechaba ha ba khaola (pencheneng, meputso le tse ling). Empa Armenia e jwalo monyetla ho felle moo. Leha ho le joalo, Azerbaijan ha a sa hlokomele hore liphello tsa ntoa e ka ba tse fapa-fapaneng haholo, 'me ka hona ha e qale ho fihlela matla a ho khutlela naheng, eo ka lebaka le itseng o nahana hae,' me ntle le ho botsa Armenia pulls fetang Nagorno-Karabakh oli le khase bona lipeipi. Empa litokisetso ntoa eang ho sona. Ho bopa letlole la mabothong a hlometseng ho ba le haholo, chelete e ngata haholo tlalehong ea, e leng se sa nyenyane ka ho fetisisa dimpho ha e fokotsehile ha lilemo li ntse. moruo Azerbaijan ka 2016 e fapane haholo le ea 2011, ha le ho etsa liqeto li ne li entsoe ka ho broaching meralong ea. Ka 2018 o ne a rerile ho sebelisa. Ntoa ha e qala, empa likhohlano ba hlometseng ka meeli ea ka ho sa feleng la hlaha le ho sebelisa ha libetsa le liroala-nkhoana sesole. Ha a ntse a ea tlholo e sa hlōla Armenia kapa Azerbaijan.

ntshetsopeleng moruo ba naha eo

leano State e jwale ntse sebediswa ho tšimo ea macroeconomics (Development Social). Rekisoe boemo thepa, e ile ea eketseha karolo ea bohwebi ntlafatsong ea moruo Azerbaijan. Tlokomang khoebo eo e tsoela pele ho hohela matsete a tsoang linaheng tse ling le naha ya taolo ya thepa ka mor'a thekiso thibela monopolies le ho kgothaletsa tlhōlisano. The Azerbaijani Lekala la Krrish e eteletsoeng pele ke S. Mustafayev tloha 2008.

Leha ho le joalo, ho ntshetsa pele naheng ena ha e qala ho tswa ho nako ea ho ikarola ho USSR, empa khale pele ho moo, ka 1883, ha ho tswa Tbilisi ho Baku fihla Literene Russia, e ne e akarelletsa ho marangrang a kakaretso. Ka nako e tšoanang haholo atolosoa mohoebi thomello Leoatleng la Caspian. Qetellong ea lilemo tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e robong Baku - ke ea bohlokoa sa terene mateano le kgolo Caspian koung. Ke ile ka qala ho ba le tlhahiso ea oli, ho na le e ne e le likhoebo le liindasteri, boreholes le dienjini mouoane. Pele motse-moholo tsoang linaheng tse ling a hlaha mona haholo, lekholong la ea leshome le metso e robong, ho etsa halofo ea kabelo lefatše ea tlhahiso ea oli ka Azerbaijan.

Italy

Kajeno, ka ho hlakileng, Azerbaijan na le menyetla bo boholo bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya moruo. Investment botenng mona e rerile ho haholo atolosa Italy. O ile a qala ho sebelise naheng ena ka lilemo tse ngata tse fetileng, 'me menehelo pele ba ne ba tsoa lekala la feshene. Ho 'nile ha e mengata ditabeng kopanetsoeng, e leng ho sebetsa ho fihlela kajeno. marakeng e fetola, ho atolosa le linaheng bobeli hlokomela menyetla ea tšebelisano-'moho le tiee masimong a dithepa le lipalangoang. Letseno mora maqakabetsi qala ho hlaphoheloa, ho na le tsa dibopeho tsa motheo le mererong ea kaho, ba khona ho hohela le dipeeletso tsa bohlokoa linaheng tse ling.

Ho tloha ka 2010, molumo oa matsete ho toba ka lik'hamphani Azerbaijan Setaliana feta liranta tse limilione tse lekholo le tse hlano, 'me ho tloha moo ho Italy le ho feta - lekholo le mashome a mararo-a mararo,' me feela ka 2016, Azerbaijan o invested mererong Setaliana ke hoo e ka bang le lekholo le tse mashome a mararo liranta. Hona joale, batho ba fetang mashome a mabeli a lik'hamphani li sebetsa hammoho, har'a bona jwalo tsebahalang ka Tenaris, Technip Italy, Maire Tecnimont, Drillmec, Valvitalia, Saipem le ba bang. Ka 2017 |, Italy tla eketsa matsete ka moruo Azerbaijan o. Dintlha tse hatisitsoeng ka tobetsa se. Ka 2016 konteraka e ile saennweng le Danielle, 'me e se e qala mona. Kakaretso ea ba teng ha lik'hamphani Setaliana naheng fihla nomoro e khōlō - ho fihlela ho ba sekete, 'me e hōla selemo le selemo. Ho latela letseno ke puso - le molekane atlehang ka ho fetisisa ea Azerbaijan.

libaka a moruo: Baku

Libaka tsa Republic Azerbaijan e tšoauoa ka le boemo bo khethehileng moruo le libaka tsa naha e hlalosoa ka bonngoe hohle lona paballo ya naha le a moruo, maemo a buka e ikhethang tlhaho le histori ntshetswa pele indasteri ee rileng. Mona ke tse leshome libakeng a moruo, le se le sebakeng se arohaneng sa Absheron Hloahloeng, e leng motse-moholo oa Republic - Baku. Ho qetela e kenyeletsa Khizi, Absheron Setereke le Sumgayit. O ka sehloohong mafura le matla a tlaase ea naha, ho na le e ntšitsoeng chelete bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea oli le khase, 'me boholo ba motlakase tsohle generated.

Haholo ntshetswa lik'hemik'hale le indasteri peterolo, lateloa ke metallurgy boima, mohaho ona o mochini, matla le boenjiniere, motlakase boenjiniere. Ho ekelletsa moo, likhoebo tse khōlō haholo ea leseli le lijo liindasteri, thepa ea kaho. E hantle haholo ntshetswa pele sebakeng sena a moruo oa lefapha la tšebeletso ea 'me tsa dibopeho tsa motheo lipalangoang. Temo e le tsona hona joale: ho na le likhoho, liphoofolo tse ruiloeng le nama le lebese (likhomo), linku. Horticulture, viticulture, floriculture, horticulture, temo ho a klimate a maemo a ka ho latellana o motle hakaakang ho hōla safrone, mohloaare, pistachios, lifeiga, lialmonde, mahapu, morara o khathollang le ho feta.

Ganja-Gazakh a moruo sebakeng

Ho na le metse e 'meli e meholo - Naftalan le Ganja, hammoho le literekeng tse robong tsamaiso. Sebakeng seo ho na ruile haholo ka liminerale epilwe mona ha feela oli le khase empa hape cobalt, tšepe pyrite, manya a tšepe, barite, a lejoe la mokoetla, alunite, gypsum, 'mabole, bentonite, zeolite, khauta, koporo le tse ling tse ngata. Ho phaella moo, libakeng tsena ho na le tse tharo fehlang motlakase matla a diteishene ka lebaka la Kura phallang mona. Ho etsa thepa dimela nka sebakeng sena a moruo ke sebaka haholo. Sena metallurgy boima, mohaho ona o mochini, seletsa se etsa, limela bakeng sa tlhahiso le ho lokisa tsa temo mechine, likoloi le thepa ea puisano. Indasteri ea khanya hlahisa lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng linthong tse ea moo e tala: nama makotikoting le lebese, boranti le veine.

lik'hamphani tse ngata kaho, eo ho hlahisa diphanele lohle, matlafatsoa ka konkreiti, setene, le literata e hahiloeng ka konkreite, thepa mabole haha. Metseng e hlahisa mathomo tse bonahalang e tala bakeng sa sebetsana ferrous le nonferrous metallurgy, potash, acid e sulfuric. Temo fanang lijo-thollo le litapole, morara le litholoana tse ling. Ntshetsopeleng ya hlokomela liphoofolo, horticulture, lema. sebakeng sena ke ea bohlokoa ea motheo ka kangoo: ka sebaka sa eona ho na le lipeipi, tsamaisa oli le khase. Hantle-ntshetswa pele bohahlauli, kaha maemo a klimate ntle ka ho fetisisa. Sebetsa litsing tsa bophelo tse ngata, ho akarelletsa le bohlokoa ba machaba.

libakeng tse ling a moruo

Morao tjena, tsa moruo li tletleba ka hore ha ho bapisoa le ba bang kaofela ba Baku libakeng a moruo a underdeveloped, le hoja 'muso o' nile ka thata se finyeletseng bona. libakeng tse ngata tse phelang ka ho qhekella dithusa, hobane ba ke ke ba tseba tsela ea bona ea ho hōla. Leha ho le joalo, lebaka le ka bo-rasaense ba bona hore ha le eena o leka. Le ntho e tloaelehileng kajeno - leano la itshetlehileng. Leha joalo nonneng tsa tlhaho 'me boemo ba leholimo, naha ka' na ua ba le oli - bohahlauli ho ba ruileng.

Azerbaijan na libaka matla - ba fokolang ka palo, hammoho le ba fokolang, moo batho ba ke ke ra phela har'a hloka mosebetsi hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng le ho se ditlhotlheletso, le hobane libakeng tse joalo le ka hang ba ho tlohelloa. Ho lekane ke ikutloa ntle bohwebi Shamkir sebakeng, le motse o lika-liketse tsa Nakhichevan e butle-butle ho ntshetsa pele. E tšoanang ka tšoauoa Ganja, Saatli le libakeng tse eketsehileng tse hlano kapa tse tšeletseng. Empa ho na le dibaka tse moo ho se nang, e seng indasteri feela empa hape bohahlauli, empa temo e-s'o fumane taolo tloaelehileng 'me a ke ke a li aba le sebelise chelete e ka nepo. Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi oa tšimo e atlehe, 'me a rera leano la ntshetsopeleng e entsoeng. Ho ntse ho e beha ka mokhoa ona.