Moo e ne e le Constantinople? Joalokaha ho hona joale e bitsoang Constantinople?

Toropo tsomo e nkeloa sebaka mabitso a mangata, lichaba le mebuso ... The qothisana lehlokoa le eena ka ho sa feleng oa Roma, le bethe ba Bokreste Orthodox le motse-moholo oa 'muso, e le teng lilemong tse lekholo tse ... In limmapa morao-rao le motse ona o ke ke ba fumana ho le joalo, oa phela' me le ntseng le hōla. Sebakeng seo a neng a Constantinople, teng ha hole haholo ho tloha rona. Ka histori ea motse ona le litšōmo tsa lona e khanyang tšohla sehloohong sena.

hlaha

Le pholosa naha, teng pakeng tsa maoatle tse peli - sa Black Leoatle le Mediterranean, batho ba ile ba qala ka BC VII lekholong la lilemo la Ha ba ntse ba re litemana tsa Segerike, lebōpong le ka leboea ho ea Bosphorus lula koloneng ea Miletase. Asia Coast Strait obzhili Megara. metse e 'meli a ema tobane e mong le nngwe - ka karolo Europe la Miletase ne Byzantium, ka boroa lebōpong - Megara Kalhedon. Boemo bona bo lumelloa motsaneng ho laola Bosphorus. Brisk kgwebo ya pakeng tsa linaha tsa Leoatle le Letšo le Leoatle la Aegean, phallang kamehla ya thepa, khoebo le likepe la sesole la leeto le fana ka mesebetsi ea meetlo bobeli ea metse ena, e leng tla haufinyane ba e mong.

Kahoo, sebaka narrowest tsa Bosporus, hamorao e mong ea bitsoang koung ea Golden Horn, 'me o ne nako e' ngoe moo motse oa Constantinople.

Leka ho hapa Byzantium

Ba ruileng le ba nang le tšusumetso Byzantium hapa tlhokomelo ea balaoli ba bangata le bahlōli. About lilemo tse 30 nakong ea hlōla sa Dariuse, Byzantium ne a le tlas'a puso ea 'muso oa ba Bapersia. Golf batlang e le khutsitseng bophelo ka lilemo tse makholo ho liheke tsa oona atamela lebotho la morena oa Macedonia - Philip. 'Maloa dikgwedi tsa ho thibelloa hlōlehileng ho phethahala. Enterprising le ruileng baahi ba khetha ho lefa sethabathaba ho bahlaseli ba bangata, ho ena le ho kopanela lintoeng tšollang mali le se sengata. Hlōla Byzantium o ile a atleha 'ngoe morena oa Macedonia - Alexandere e Moholo.

Mora Aleksandra Makedonskogo muso ile arohana, motse o ile a tla le tlas'a tšusumetso ea Roma.

Bokreste ka Byzantium

Roma le Segerike histori le setso lineano e ne e se mehloli feela tsa setso tsa nakong e tlang oa Constantinople. Tsoang libakeng ka bochabela ea 'Muso oa Roma, e leng bolumeli bo bocha, e le mollo o namela ho liprofinseng tsohle tsa Roma ea boholo-holo. baahi Christian o ne a balelloa lona batho ba ea nang le tumelo e fapaneng, ka maemo a fapaneng ba thuto le chelete e kenang. Empa e se e le makhetlo a baapostola, lilemong tsa bo-AD bobeli, ho ne ho dikolong tse ngata tsa Bokreste le liemahale pele ea lingoliloeng tsa Bokreste. Dipuo tse ngata Bokreste e butle-butle hlahella ea catacombs le ba matla haholo ho bolela ka boeona e lefatšeng.

baemphera Christian

Ka mor'a ho arohana, khōlō thuto setjhaba karolong e ka bochabela ea 'Muso oa Roma ba ile ba qala ho li itokisetsa ka boemo ba Mokreste. Moemphera Constantine o ile a nka matla a motseng oa boholo-holo, e supang hore Constantinople, mora a le mong. ho hlorisoa ha Bakreste ba 'ha li sa sebetsa, litempele le libaka tsa borapeli ba Kreste ba ile ba qala ho masantu masengeli komemiama ka par, le litempelana tsa bohetene. Constantine ka boeena o ile a kolobetsoa ka makhatheng a lefu la hae ka ho la 337. baemphera morago ga moo e feto-fetohe kgothaletsa le ho sireletsa tumelo ea Bokreste. A Justinian VI ka. BC Bokreste ea siileng feela bolumeli boemo ke ho thibela ho litšebeletso tsa boholo-holo libakeng tsa Byzantium Muso.

Constantinople litempele

State tšehetso bakeng sa tumelo e ncha ne le phello e ntle ka ho fetisisa bophelong le ho sebopeho lipolotiki tsa motse oa boholo-holo. naha moo Constantinople, bo tletse litempele tse ngata 'me matšoao a tumelo ea Bokreste. Metseng ea 'muso ho ne ho likereke, litšebeletso li ne li tšoaroa, hohela ho bathomg lona ho feta le adepts haholoanyane. E mong oa cathedrals pele ea tummeng oa hlaha ka nako ena, e neng e le tempeleng ea Sofia ka Constantinople.

Kereke ea St .. Sofia

mothehi oa lona o ne Konstantin Veliky. lebitso la sena e bile bo atile Europe Bochabela. Sophia bitsoa mohalaleli ea Bokreste, ea neng a lula BC II lekholong la lilemo la Ka linako tse ling ho thoeng ke Jesu Kreste ka lebaka la bohlale le lihlapiso. Latela mohlala oa Constantinople, likereke oa pele oa Mokreste ka lebitso lena jala ka mose linaheng e ka bochabela ea 'muso. mora oa Constantine e le mojalefa teroneng Byzantium, moemphera Constantius tsosolosoa tempele, etsa hore ho le ho feta e ntle le e khōlō. lilemo tse lekholo hamorao, nakong ea mahloriso a sa lokang tsa thuto ea bolumeli oa pele oa Mokreste le rafilosofi Ioanna Bogoslova, Constantinople litempele li ile tsa senngoa ke marabele ao, le Cathedral of St .. Sofia chesoa fatše.

The tsosolosoa ha kereke e ne e entsoe khoneha feela nakong ea puso ea Moemphera Justinian.

New 'musi oa Christian lakatsa ho tsosolosa kerekeng e khōlō. Ho ea ka eena, Hagia Sophia ka Constantinople tlameha ho hlomphuoa, 'me inehetseng ho kereke ea hae e tlameha ho feta botle le botle bo hlollang ba setsing leha e le efe ea mofuta ona lefatšeng. Bakeng sa kaho ea tsoileng matsoho ena ea Moemphera memeloa Litsebi tsebahalang le lihahi tsa nako eo - Amphimachus tloha Thrall le Isidore oa Miletase. Ka ho ikokobelletsa Litsebi sebelitse bathusi ba lekholo, 'me tse 10 tse sekete. Batho ba ne ba hiriloe ka kotloloho ka mohahong oo. Nyehelo Isidore le Amphimachus e ne e le ho fetisisa phethahetse thepa ea ho haha - morema, 'mabole,' me tšepe ea bohlokoa. Kaho e ile ea nka lilemo tse hlano, 'me e le ka lebaka e feta ditebello tsa bohle.

Ho ea ka litlaleho tsa batho ba mehleng ea, bokella sebakeng se moo tempele Constantinople busa toropo ea boholo-holo, joaloka sekepe ka maqhubu. Ka mohlolo o hlollang ba bokana ho bona Bakreste ba tsoang likarolong tsohle tsa 'muso.

The fokolisang oa Constantinople

Ka VII lekholong la lilemo la ka Hloahloeng ea Arabia, le lecha le mabifi Islamic boemo - Arab Caliphate. Le tlas'a khatello ea hae Byzantium lahlehileng liprofinseng tsa lona ka bochabela, ha a ntse a sebakeng European butle-butle a hlōla Phrygians, Slavs, Bulgarians. Sebaka moo Constantinople, e ho pheta-pheta se hlasela 'me a pota-potiloe ke sethabathaba ka. The Byzantium Empire ile lahleheloa ke boemo ba eona Europe Bochabela, 'me butle-butle ba ile ba oela ho bola.

ka 1204 le masole a bolumeli a masole a ka likepe Venice le infantry French nka Constantinople ka thibella likhoeli-e telele. Ka mor'a ho hanyetsa telele motse oela 'me a sacked ke ba tlil'o hlaseloa. The mello ba timetsoa mesebetsi e mengata ea bonono le liemahale. Hang-hang moo a ema le baahi ba bangata le ruileng Constantinople, e futsanehile 'me ba itlatlapela motse-moholo Romeyskoy Muso. Ka 1261 ho Byzantines ile ba khona ho recapture Constantinople tswa Latins, empa ho khutlela motseng boholo 'mōpi oa lona e ne e ke ke ha khoneha.

e leng 'muso Ottoman

Ke XV lekholong la lilemo la Ottoman Muso ka mafolofolo atolosoa meeli lona masimong a sa European, jala Islam ka sabole le tjotjo khomaretse matlotlo a hae ho feta le ho feta naheng eohle. Ka 1402, ho Turkish Sultan Bayezid se ba ile ba leka ho nka Constantinople, empa o ne a ile a hlōla ka ho Amir Timur. Ho hlōloa ha Anker fokolisa mabotho a 'muso,' me atoloswa khutsitseng nako ea ho ba teng ha Constantinople tsa lekholong la lilemo la e mong halofo.

Ka 1452, Sultan Mehmed 2 ka mor'a ho lokisetsa hloko ae hapa le motse-moholo oa Byzantium Muso. Pele ho o ile a nka tlhokomelo ya ho hapa metse e nyenyane, e lika-likelitsoe Constantinople le entseng selekane le sona ba ile ba qala ho thibella. Bosiung ba May 28, 1453 motse oo o ile a mo nkile. le likereke tsa tse ngata tsa Bokreste li ile fetoha mamosleme, litšoantšo tsa bahalaleli le letšoao la Bokreste nyamela ho tswa ho marako a cathedrals, le holim 'a St. Sophia sefofane seoli.

The Byzantium Empire khaotsa ho ba teng, 'me Constantinople a fetoha karolo ea' Muso oa Ottoman.

Ea puso ea Suleiman ea Hlollang o ile a fa Constantinople le lecha "Golden Age". Ha e se e hahiloe Suleymaniye Mosque, eo fetoha letshwao bakeng sa Mamosleme, ho tsoana le ho e sala ea St .. Sofia bakeng sa mong le e mong oa Mokreste. Ka mor'a lefu la Suleiman 'Muso oa Ottoman pholletsa le teng a tsoela pele ho khabisa motse oa boholo-holo ea e tsoileng ea mehaho le mehaho.

Metamorphosis la lebitso la motse oo

Ka mor'a ho hapa motse Maturkey ba ne ba sa ka molao ho reha botjha eona. Bakeng sa Bagerike, e bolokoa lebitso la sona. Ho fapana le hoo, ho tloha molomong oa baahi Turkish le Arab qala ho utloahala ka ho eketsehileng "Istanbul", "Stanbul", "Istanbul" - hore ho eketsehileng a tsejoa e le Constantinople. Hona joale e se e bitsoa version tse peli tsa ka tšimoloho ea mabitso ana. The khopolo ea pele e bolela hore lebitso - le e mpe kgatisong Segerike polelo e bolela "Ke kene motseng ba ee, u ee motseng." khopolo e 'ngoe e thehiloe lebitso la Islambouli, e bolelang "Motse oa Islam". Bobeli liphetolelo na le tokelo ya ho ba teng. Eng kapa eng eo e ne e, lebitso la Constantinople e ntse sebelisoa, empa ka bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi kena 'me ka tiisoa ka thata,' me lebitso la Istanbul. Foromo ena ea motse 'me a tla ho limmapa tsa linaha tse ngata, ho akarelletsa le Russia, empa bakeng sa Bagerike e ntse e ile ea bitsoang ho tlotla ya Moemphera Constantine.

ea phetseng mehleng Istanbul

Sebaka moo ke Constantinople, hona joale ruilweng ke Turkey. Leha ho le joalo, sehlooho sa motse-moholo o se a lahlehetsoe ke: ke qeto eo ba boholong Turkish ho motse-moholo ka 1923 o ile a susumelletseha ho Ankara. Leha Constantinople, hona joale e bitsoang Istanbul, bakeng sa bahahlauli ba bangata le baeti ba Byzantium ea boholo-holo e ntse e le motse o moholo le liemahale tse ngata tsa mehaho le bonono, e nang le ka boroa ho amohela baeti, 'me kamehla a hopolehang habonolo.